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Anatomy 337 > muscles and triangles of the face > Flashcards

muscles and triangles of the face Flashcards

1
Q

root of neck

A

the thoracocervical region that forms a boundary between the neck and the thorax and is occupied by structures that enter or leave the thoracic cavity.

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2
Q

hyoid bone

A
  • this bone divides the muscles of the neck based on their location to it
  • is a horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage
  • bones can be suprahyoid: above the hyoid bone and cause elevation of the hyoid
  • bones can be infrahyoid: below the hyoid bone and cause depression
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3
Q

superficial fascia

A

the subcutaneous layer of the skin in the neck. This thin layer contains the muscles of facial expression, including the platysma muscle in the neck.

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4
Q

platysma

A

this is a large muscle that leads to tensing the skin of the inferior face and neck
- it is also able to depress the jaw

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5
Q

deep fascial layers

A
  • lies deep to the superficial fascia and platysma muscle.
  • This fascia is organised into several layers. These layers act like a shirt collar, supporting the structures and vessels of the neck.
  • Pretrachial fascia
  • Prevertebral fascia
  • Alar fascia
  • Carotid sheath
  • Prevertebral space
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6
Q

pretrachial fascia

A

pretracheal fascia has two components which are continuous layers of fascia.

  • A cervical layer that ensheathes cervical viscera including the larynx/trachea, pharynx/esophagus, thyroid and parathyroid glands
  • a muscular layer which ensheathes the infrahyoid muscles or the suprahyoid depending on where we are in cross section
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7
Q

prevertebral fascia

A
  • surrounds the vertebral column and its associated muscles; scalene muscles, prevertebral muscles, and the deep muscles of the back
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8
Q

alar fascia

A

a thin fibroareolar membrane separating the (anterior) true retropharyngeal space from the (posterior) danger space.

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9
Q

carotid sheath

A

contains the carotid artery, jugular vein, vagus nerve (CN 10) , and sympathetic plexus

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10
Q

preverterbral space

A

a space in the neck. On one side it is bounded by the prevertebral fascia.

  • It includes the prevertebral muscles (longus colli and longus capitis), vertebral artery, vertebral vein, scalene muscles, phrenic nerve and part of the brachial plexus.
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11
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

this is deep to the platysma

  • it originates at the manubrium and clavicle and inserts onto the pastoid process

action:
- bilaterally: it flexes the neck and brings the ear to teh shoulder
- unilaterally: it causes lateral flexion, rotation of the head to the opposite side

innervation: accessory nerve (CN XI)

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12
Q

anterior middle and posterior scalenes

A
  • these originate at the transverse process of the cervical vertebra and they insert onto the 1st and 2nd rib
  • action: flexes the neck and elevates the 1st and 2nd ribs during forced inhalation
  • innervation: cervical spinal nerves
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13
Q

suprahyoid muscles

A
  • digastric
  • geniohyoid
  • stylohyoid
  • myohyoid

these all insert onto the hypoid

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14
Q

diagastric

A
  • a suprahyoid muscle
  • this muscle has two bellies
  • action: depresses mandible, elevates hyoid
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15
Q

geniohyoid

A
  • a suprahyoid muscle

action: elevates hyoid

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16
Q

mylohyoid:

A
  • a suprahyoid muscle
  • this muscle makes up most of what is below the tongue

action: elevates hyoid, melevates the floor of the mouth

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17
Q

stylohyoid

A
  • a suprahyoid muscle
  • this originates at the stylohyoid of the temporal bone
    action: elevates the hyoid
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18
Q

infrahyoid muscles

A

omohyoid
sternohyoid
thyrohyoid
sternothyroid

these all insert onto the hyoid bone

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19
Q

omohyoid

A
  • this is an infrahyoid muscle

action: depresses the hyoid

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20
Q

sternohyoid:

A
  • this is an infrahyoid muscle
    origin: sternum (manubrium)
    action: depresses hyoid
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21
Q

thyrohyoid

A
  • this is an infrahyoid muscle

origin: thyroid cartilage
action: depresses hyoid, elevates thyroid cartilage

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22
Q

sternothyoid

A
  • this is an infrahyoid muscle
  • *this doesn’t insert on the hyoid but it inserts on the thyroid which in turn depresses the thyroid
  • origin: posterior surface of the manubrium
  • insertion: thyroid cartilage
  • action: depresses the thyroid cartilage
23
Q

what divides the neck into the posterior and the anterior triangles

A

the sternocleidomastoid

24
Q

anterior triangle

A
  • this is anterior to the sternocleidomastoid
  • this is divided into the submental triangle and the pairs submandibular triangles, carotid triangles, and muscular triangles
25
Q

posterior triangle

A
  • this is posterior to the sternocleidomastoid and is in the lateral region of the neck
  • it is divided into the occipital triangle and the supraclavicular triangle

-its boarders are the sternocleidomastoid, the clavicle and the trapezius

26
Q

submental triangle

A
  • this is unpaired and in the anterior triangle

- this is below the chin and contains the lymph nodes

27
Q

submandibular triangle

A
  • this is inferior to the mandible

- this contains the submandibular gland (salivary gland), facial artery, and vein

28
Q

carotid triange

A
  • this one is important
  • this is in the anterior triangle
  • this is where we check the pulse
  • this colds the common carotid artery, jugular vein, vagus nerve, sympathetic trunk, and hypoglossal nerve
29
Q

muscular triangle

A

this is in the anterior triangle

  • this contains the infrahyoid muscles, thyroid and parathyroid glands
30
Q

occipital triangle

A

this is in the posterior triangle

- this contains the accessory nerve, brachial plexus

31
Q

supraclavicular triangle

A
  • this is in the posterior triangle

- subclavian artery and vein

32
Q

what is the “danger space”

A

the way the fascia are layered can create really easy pathways for an infection in the mouth or oral cavity for example to jump down to the mediastinum
- there are spaces that connect down to the mediastinum so that is super dangerous because an infection in the oral cavity could then begin to affect the heart and potentially infect the heart

33
Q

common carotid artery

A
  • this is the middle branch of the aortic arch and this is the left common carotid because of the way the aortic arch is slanted to the left side of the body
  • the right common carotid will branch out of the brachiocephalic branch off of the aortic arch
  • the two common carotid arteries (left and right) will branch into the internal carotid and the external carotid
34
Q

internal carotid artery

A

this goes into the skull and eventyally connects with the ccircle of willis

35
Q

external carotid artery

A 
this is a large vessel that has many branches and supplies the majority of the head
o	Superior thyroid artery
o	Lingual artery
o	Facial artery
o	Occipital artery
o	Maxillary artery
o	Superficial temporal artery
36
Q

superior thyroid artery

A

this is a branch of the external carotid and it travels to the thyroid

37
Q

lingual artery

A

this is a branch of the external carotid and it goes to the tongue

38
Q

facial artery

A

this is a branch of the external carotid and it travels and supplies the face

39
Q

occipital artery

A

this is a branch of the external carotid and it travels to the posterior scalp

40
Q

posterior auncular

A

this is a branch of the external carotid and this supplies the region behind the ear

41
Q

maxillary artery

A

this is a branch of the external carotid and it runs deep and goes to the cheek region

  • this supplies the muscles for mastication, teeth, nasal cavity
  • this is a large artery
42
Q

superficial temporal artery

A

this is a branch of the external carotid and this goes to and supplies the superficial lateral scalp

43
Q

vertebral artery

A

this branches off the subclavian arteries

  • these run superiorly and travel through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebra
  • these will supply a portion of the circle of willis
44
Q

subclavian artery

A
  • we have a left and right subclavian
  • the left subclavian artery is the most posterior branch off of the aortic arch and these feed into the upper extremities
  • the right subclavian artery going to be a branch off of the brachiocephalic trunk due to the left angle of the aortic arch
45
Q

superior sagittal sinus

A

It allows blood to drain from the lateral aspects of anterior cerebral hemispheres to the confluence of sinuses

46
Q

transverse sinus

A

are two areas beneath the brain which allow blood to drain from the back of the head.

47
Q

inferior sagittal sinus

A

an area beneath the brain which allows blood to drain outwards posteriorly from the center of the head.

48
Q

straight sinus

A

an unpaired area beneath the brain which allows blood to drain from the inferior center of the head outwards posteriorly. It receives blood from the inferior sagittal sinus

49
Q

sigmoid sinus

A

receives blood from the transverse sinuses, which receive blood from the posterior aspect of the skull

50
Q

internal jugular vein

A

this drains everything from the dural sinuses within the brain
- this will merge with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein

51
Q

brachiocephalic vein

A

the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein merge to form this

  • there is one on both sides of the body which is different than the arteries
  • the left and right then merge to form the superior vena cava
52
Q

external jugular vein

A

drains blood from the superficial structures of the cranium and the deep portions of the face

53
Q

subclavian vein

A

this receives blood from the axillary vein and external jugular vein and drains into the brachiocephalic vein

Anatomy 337 (39 decks)

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