Grammar

Question 1

What is nominative case?

Answer 1

Basic form of a word

Question 2

What is genitive case used for?

Answer 2

to show possession, or used with postpositions

Question 3

How do you form the singular genitive case?

Answer 3

mostly add -n; to foreign words ending in consonant, add -in; some irregular endings

Question 4

How do you form the singular partitive case?

Answer 4

add -a or -ä for words ending in a single vowel; add -ta or -tä for words ending in two vowels or a consonant; add -tta or -ttä for words ending in e

Question 5

When do you use the partitive?

Answer 5

Use for part of something, non-countable items, or after words that express quantity or amount. Also used in expressions such as “opposite the theater”: teatteria vastapäätä

Question 6

How do you form the imperative, polite form of a verb?

Answer 6

Add -kaa or -kää to the stem of the present tense of the verb.

Question 7

How do you form the imperative, informal form of a verb?

Answer 7

Same as the stem of the present tense of the verb.

Question 8

What case do you use to show something is in something?

Answer 8

Inessive case

Question 9

What case do you use for part of something, non-countable items, or after words that express quantity or amount?

Answer 9

Partitive

Question 10

Can a Finnish word end in two consonants?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

Which stem does the partitive ending attach to - the vowel stem or the consonant stem?

Answer 11

The consonant stem. The partitive ending does not require a vowel before it.

Question 12

Does the inessive case ending have to have a vowel or a consonant before it?

Answer 12

Vowel

Question 13

What is the inessive ending?

Answer 13

-ssa or -ssä

Question 14

What case ending is used for possession?

Answer 14

genitive

Question 15

What case do you use with “vieressä”?

Answer 15

genitive

Question 16

What case do you use for part of something?

Answer 16

partitive

Question 17

What is the genitive ending?

Answer 17

Single letter n, attached to the stem that has a vowel.

Question 18

What consonants are affected by consonant gradation?

Answer 18

k, p, and t

Question 19

In consonant gradation, what happens to kk?

Answer 19

Becomes k

Question 20

In consonant gradation, what happens to pp?

Answer 20

Becomes p

Question 21

In consonant gradation, what happens to tt?

Answer 21

Becomes t

Question 22

In consonant gradation, what happens to t?

Answer 22

Becomes d

Question 23

What are two cases whose endings cause consonant gradation?

Answer 23

Genitive (n) and inessive (ssa or ssä)

Question 24

When do you need a hyphen in a compound word, and what effect does it have on pronunciation?

Answer 24

When the last vowel of the first word is the same as the first vowel of the second word. The hyphen signals a brief interruption in airflow between the two words.

Question 25

What case shows that something is in something, and how do you form it?

Answer 25

Inessive, -ssa or -ssä

Question 26

What case shows that something is out of something, and how do you form it?

Answer 26

Elative, -sta or -stä

Question 27

What case shows that something is going into something, and how do you form it?

Answer 27

Illative, double vowel plus -n