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Topik 3급 > Grammar Only > Flashcards

Grammar Only Flashcards

1
Q

~아/어 보니(까)

A

Now that I have done…/Having done…

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2
Q

아이폰을 써 보니까 다른 핸드폰을 사용할 수 없다

A

Now that I’ve used an iPhone, (I realize that) I can’t use another phone

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3
Q

밤을 새워 보니까 잠을 자는 것이 얼마나 중요한지 깨달았다

A

Now that I’ve attempted to stay up all night, I realized how important sleep is

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4
Q

V-(으)ㄹ까 하다

A

be thinking of ~express a vague intention or uncertain plan

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5
Q

저는 오늘 저녁으로 피자를 먹을까 해요

A

(I think) I am going to have pizza for dinner tonight.

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6
Q

한 번쯤은 그 도시에서 살아볼까 해요.

A

(I) would like to live in that city at least once.

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7
Q

다시 한국으로 돌아갈까 해요.

A

(I) am considering going back to Korea.

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8
Q

선생님께 한번 더 말씀드려 볼까 해요.

A

(I) would like to tell the teacher one more time.

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9
Q

영어를 공부할 학생

A

the student that/who will study English

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10
Q

한국어를 가르칠 선생님

A

the teacher that/who will teach Korean

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11
Q

영어를 공부한 학생

A

the student that/who studied English

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12
Q

내가 읽던 책은 재미없었어

A

The book I was reading wasn’t funny

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13
Q

내가 스타박스 커피를 마셨더니 기분이 좋아졌어

A

I felt better because I had a coffee

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14
Q

논술문제를 열심히 썼더니 손이 아파요

A

I (had the experience of) writing the essay question – and because of that – my hand is sore

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15
Q

몸이 아파서 마사지를 받았더니 몸이 더 이상 아프지 않았어요

A

Because my body was sore, I (had the experience of) receiving a massage – and because of that –my body is not sore anymore

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16
Q

따뜻한 물에 들어갔더니 잠이 오기 시작했어요

A

I (had the experience of) going into the warm water – and because of that – I started to fall asleep

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17
Q

슬기가 체육시간에 너무 많이 달렸더니 다음 수업을 들을 수 없었어요

A

I personally saw/experienced that Seulgi had run a lot during P.E. class, so she didn’t attend the next class

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17
Q

소고기가 마트에서 할인하기에 많이 사 왔어요

A

Beef was on sale at the supermarket, so I bought a lot of it

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17
Q

~기에 and ~길래

A

indicates that one does an action because of the clause before

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18
Q

그 여자가 너무 예쁘기에 전화번호를 물어봤어요

A

That girl was very pretty, so I asked for her number

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18
Q

소고기가 마트에서 할인하길래 많이 사 왔어요

A

Beef was on sale at the supermarket, so I bought a lot of it

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19
Q

제 친구가 요가를 같이 하자고 하길래 그렇자고 했어요

A

My friend suggested that we do yoga together, so I agreed

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20
Q

~에 의하면

A

according to (that noun)

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21
Q

신문에 의하면

A

신문에 의하면

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22
Q

그 사람의 말에 의하면

A

according to what that person says…

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23
Q

너머지

A

expressing results / looking back on something (usually negative)

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24
Q

나는 대회에서 1등을 했다는 사실에 너무 기쁜 나머지 눈물을 났어요

A

I was so happy that I came first in the contest that I cried

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25
Q

마이클 씨는 너무 화가 난 나머지 빡으로 나갔어요

A

Michael was so angry he walked out

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26
Q

윤서 씨는 그 소식을 듣고 놀란 나머지 아무 말도 하지 못했어요

A

Yunseo was so amazed by the news that she couldn’t speak

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27
Q

긴장하다

A

Tense

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28
Q

윤서 씨는 면접시험을 앞두고 너무 기장한 나머지 화장실을 왔다 갔다 했어요

A

Yunseo was so tense about the upcoming interview exam that she kept going to the toilet

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29
Q

A/V/N-(으)ㄴ/는 탓에

A

due to, because ~give reason for negative consequence.

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30
Q

날씨가 추운 탓에 감기에 걸렸어요

A

I got a cold due to the cold weather.

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31
Q

비가 많이 오는 탓에 한강 다리 몇 개가 통제 되었대요.

A

Due to heavy rain, some bridges over Han river are closed.

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32
Q

어제 술을 많이 마신 탓에 오늘 아침에 머리가 아팠어요.

A

I had an headache this morning because I drank a lot yesterday.

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33
Q

장마철인 탓에 비가 자주 온다.

A

It rains often due to the rainy season.

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34
Q

어제 눈이 많이 온 탓에 길이 미끄러워요.

A

The road is slippery because snow fell a lot yesterday.

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35
Q

V 아/어 가지고

A

(1) and then; (2) and so, because ~express (1) time order of two actions or (2) reason to do an action

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36
Q

등산갈 때 김밥을 만들어 가지고 갈게요.

A

When going hiking, I will make gimbap and take it with me.

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37
Q

친구에게 책을 빌려 가지고 읽었어요.

A

I borrowed a book from my friend and read it.

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38
Q

날씨가 좋을 때 밖에 항상 나가 가지고 그림을 해요.

A

When the weather is nice, I usually go out and draw some pictures.

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39
Q

친구를 만나 가지고 커피를 마셨어요.

A

I met my friend and had some coffee.

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40
Q

ㄹ/을 리가 없다

A

there is no way that…

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41
Q

윌 선생님보다 잘할 리가 없어요

A

There is no way he is better than “Will teacher.”

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42
Q

뚜껑이 그냥 다 없어질 리가 없어요

A

There is no way that the lid just disappeared

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43
Q

원유 값이 작년처럼 떨어질 리가 없어요

A

There is no way that the price of oil will drop like last year

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44
Q

점심으로 많이 먹고 또 벌써 배고플 리가 없어요

A

After eating a lot for lunch, there is no way that you can be hungry again

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45
Q

A/V-았/었더라면

A

If I had…~assume a past situation opposite to what happened

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46
Q

우리는 미리 예매 했더라면 영화을 볼 수 있었을 거예요

A

If we had bought them (tickets) in advance, we could have seen the movie.

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47
Q

생일인 줄 알았더라면 선물을 준비했을 텐데요.

A

If I had known that, I would have prepared a gift.

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48
Q

제가 키가 컸더라면 모델이 되었을 거예요.

A

If I had been taller, I would have been a model.

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49
Q

아침에 일기예보를 들었더라면 산에 가지 않았을 텐데

A

If I had heard the forecast in the morning, I wouldn’t have gone hiking.

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50
Q

V-(으)ㄹ 뻔하다

A

almost, nearly ~indicate something almost happened but did not

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51
Q

저도 길이 너무 미끄러워서 회사에 오다가 넘어질 뻔했어요.

A

It’s so slippery that I almost fell on the way to the company.

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52
Q

하마터면 기차를 놓칠 뻔했어요.

A

We almost missed the train.

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53
Q

영화가 너무 슬퍼서 하마터면 여자 친구 앞에서 울 뻔했어요.

A

The movie is so sad I almost cried in front of my girlfriend.

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54
Q

A/V-(으)ㄹ까 봐

A

be worried/afraid that ~express concern about something

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55
Q

아니요, 눈 때문에 길이 미끄러울까 봐 등산화를 신고 나가려고요.

A

No, I wear the climbing boots to go out because I am worried that the road would be slippery.

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56
Q

시험에 떨어질까 봐 걱정이에요.

A

I am worried that I will fail the exam.

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57
Q

이따 회의 시간에 졸까 봐 마시는 거예요. 졸면 안 되잖아요.

A

I am worried that I get sleepy during the meeting so I drink it. I can’t get sleepy.

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58
Q

A/V-(으)ㄴ/는 셈이다

A

I could say, it’s practically (more or less similar to another)

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59
Q

일 년에 한 번 정도 가니까 거의 안 가는 셈이네요.

A

About one a year, so it’s more or less similar as not going.

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59
Q

회사원 90%가 가니까 거의 다 가는 셈이에요.

A

90% of the staff go, so you could say almost all of them go.

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59
Q

매일 학교에 가는 셈이다.

A

I go to school practically every day.

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60
Q

는 김에

A

While one is doing something,the opportunity to do something else is taken

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61
Q

새로운 침대를 사는 김에 새로운 베개도 사자

A

While we are buying a new bed let’s buy some new pillows too

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62
Q

다시 식당에 들어가는 김에 빨대도 갖다 주세요

A

While you’re going into the restaurant again, get me a straw, please

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63
Q

계약을 연장하는 김에 퇴직금에 대해 얘기할까요?

A

While I am renewing my contract, shall we also talk about my severance pay?

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64
Q

는/(으)ㄴ 법이다

A

it’s bound to…, it’s certain that…, it is natural that

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65
Q

물은 위에서 아래로 흐르는 법이다

A

It is certain that water flows from high to low.

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66
Q

나쁜 일이 있으면 좋은 일도 있는 법이야

A

It is certain that there are good times and not so good times

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67
Q

A/V (으)ㄴ/는 반면에

A

expresses the fact that two things are opposite. For example

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68
Q

앤디가 읽기는 잘하는 반면에 말하기는 잘 못해요

A

Andy is good at reading, but he is not good at speaking

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69
Q

우리나라는 천연자원이 적은 반면에 인적 자원이 우수해요.

A

While Korea has few natural resources, it has excellent human resources

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70
Q

큰아들은 말이 없고 점잖은 반면에 작은아들은 애교가 많아요

A

The eldest son is quiet and gentle, while the younger son is cute.

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71
Q

이 가수는 가창력이 뛰어난 반면 춤 실력이 부족해요.

A

This singer has excellent singing skills while lacks dance skills.

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72
Q

영수는 집에 와서 저녁을 배불리 먹은 반면에 지수는 늦게 와서 아무것도 먹지 못했어요.

A

Young-soo came home and had a full dinner, while Jisoo came late and couldn’t eat anything.

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73
Q

하는 데 반해

A

on the other hand

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74
Q

그 한국어 수업이 아주 어려운 데 반해 학생들에게 인기가 많아요

A

That Korean class is very difficult, but on the other hand it’s popular with the students.

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75
Q

A-(으)ㄴ데도, V-는데도

A

although, despite that ~express a contrast

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76
Q

중국에서의 생활이 좋았는데도 한국의 생활이 더 좋아요.

A

Although living in China is good, living in Korea is better

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77
Q

일본에 살았는데도 일본의 생활은 못 이해했어요.

A

Although I lived in Japan, I couldn’t understand life there

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78
Q

미국 사람 이었는데도 여전히 미국에서 살기 싫어요.

A

Although I’m American, I don’t want to live in America

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79
Q

그는 사람을 죽였다.

A

He killed a person

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80
Q

나는 사진을 벽에 붙인다.

A

I make a picture stick to the wall.

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81
Q

나는 김치찌개를 끓인다

A

I boil the Kimchi-jjigae

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82
Q

학생이 내게 사진을 보였다

A

A student showed me a photograph

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83
Q

V + 게/기 마련이다

A

signifies something is bound to happen or that an outcome is natural

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84
Q

열심히 공부하면 더 똑똑해지게 마련 이에요.

A

If you continue to study hard, you’re bound to get smarter.

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85
Q

여자친구가 오래 멀리 떨어질 때져 있을 때 우울하게 마련 이에요.

A

When your girlfriend is far away for so long, it’s only natural to feel depressed.

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86
Q

제가 남편에게 계속 과식을 하면 허리에 살이 찌기 마련 이라고 말했어요.

A

I told my husband that if he continues to overeat, he’s bound to put on weight around the waist.

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87
Q

한국어를 배우면서 실수하기 마련 이지만 괜찮아요.

A

It’s natural to make mistakes when learning Korean but that’s OK.

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88
Q

~게 하다

A

The subject of the sentence “makes/lets” the object do that action

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89
Q

나는 그를 공부하게 했다

A

I made him study

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90
Q

저는 그를 자게 할 거예요

A

I will let him sleep

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91
Q

학생들은 선생님을 화나게 했어요

A

The students made the teacher mad

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92
Q

저는 학생들을 바로 준비하게 했어요

A

I made the students get ready right away

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93
Q

저는 아들을 오늘 아침에 일찍 일어나게 했어요

A

I made our son wake up early today

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94
Q

선생님은 제가 칠판을 보게 불을 켰어요

A

The teacher turned on the light so that I could see the board

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95
Q

제가 잘 들을 수 있게 크게 말해 주세요

A

Please speak loudly so that I can hear you well

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96
Q

V + ㄹ/을 겸

A

Use V + ㄹ/을 겸 when indicating a single action with dual or multiple results. Emphasize subsequent outcomes with 도.

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97
Q

살을 뺄 겸 스트레스도 풀 겸 헬스장에 등록할 생각이에요.

A

I’m thinking of registering at the gym to lose weight and relieve stress.

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98
Q

관광을 할 겸 수술도 싸게 받을 겸 외국인이 한국에 와요.

A

Foreigners come to Korea to sightsee and also to have surgery cheaply.

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99
Q

좋은 대학교에서 일하는 경험을 쌓을 겸 돈을 벌 겸 사우디에 왔어요.

A

I came to Saudi Arabia to gain experience working at a good university and also to earn money.

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100
Q

소풍을 가려고 도시락을 쌌어요

A

I packed a lunch box with the intent of going on a picnic

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101
Q

그렇게 비싼 것을 사려면 돈이 많이 필요해요

A

If you intend to buy something that expensive, you need a lot of money

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102
Q

서울에 가려면 지하철을 타세요!

A

If you intend to go to Seoul, then take the subway!

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103
Q

N에 비해

A

If you attach ~에 to a noun and place 비해(서) after it, you can compare that noun to something else.

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104
Q

우리 아들은 또래에 비해 훨씬 똑똑해요

A

Our son is much smarter compared to his peers

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105
Q

한국어는 영어에 비해 모음이 더 많아요

A

There are more vowels in the Korean language compared to English

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106
Q

한국 인구는 캐나다 인구에 비해 조금 많아요

A

The population of Korea is a little bit higher compared to the population of Canada

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107
Q

아/어 놓다

A

indicate that one completes an action and leaves it in that state

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108
Q

문을 열어 놓아

A

open the door (and keep it open)

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109
Q

슬기가 저녁을 다 준비해 놓았어요

A

Seulgi prepared dinner (and left it ready for me to eat)

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110
Q

저는 짐을 벌써 차에 실어 놓았어요

A

I already loaded all of the luggage/bags into the car

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111
Q

자석을 냉장고에 그냥 붙여 놓았어요

A

I just stuck the magnet onto the fridge

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112
Q

저는 자켓을 옷걸이에 걸어 놓았어요

A

I hung my jacket on the clothes hanger

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113
Q

ㄴ/은 채(로)

A

채 is placed as a noun in the ~는 것 principle. The most common translations are “with” or “while.”

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114
Q

선생님이 모자를 쓴 채 학교에 들어갔어요

A

The teacher went into the school while wearing a hat

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115
Q

그 남자는 눈을 뜬 채로 죽었다

A

That man died with his eyes open

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116
Q

음식을 입에 넣은 채 말해서는 안 돼요

A

You shouldn’t talk with food in your mouth

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117
Q

아이는 TV을 켜놓은 채 방에서 나왔어요

A

The child came out of the room with the TV turned on

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118
Q

미국 사람들은 신발을 신은 채 집에 들어가요

A

American people go into their houses with their shoes on

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119
Q

아/어 두다

A

some action is totally finished AND being maintained

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120
Q

승규는 학교에 가기 전에 새 연필 몇 자루를 꺼내어 예쁘게 깎아 두었다

A

Before going to school, Seung-gyu took out a few new pencils and sharpened them neatly.

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121
Q

지수는 자신의 일기장을 아무도 모르는 곳에 숨겨 두었다

A

Jisoo hid her diary in a place no one knew about.

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122
Q

Verb + 아/어 가다

A

Verb + 아/어 가다 = keep doing, going to do

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123
Q

뛰어가다

A

Keep running

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124
Q

쉬어가다

A

Keep resting

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125
Q

써 왔다

A

Have been writing so far

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126
Q

준비해 왔다

A

Have been preparing

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127
Q

이제부터 한국어를 열심히 공부해 가요.

A

I am going to study Korean hard from now on.

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128
Q

드라마가 끝나 가요

A

The drama is going to end.

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129
Q

나는 열심히 일해 왔어요.

A

I have been working hard.

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130
Q

지금까지 내가 잘 살아오네요.

A

Until now, I’ve been living well.

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131
Q

어렸을 때부터 축구를 꾸준히 해 왔다.

A

I have been playing soccer constantly since I was young.

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132
Q

선생님이 연단 앞에 서 있어요

A

The teacher is standing in front of the podium

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133
Q

할아버지가 침대에 누워 있어요.

A

My grandfather is lying in bed.

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134
Q

책에 이름이 쓰여 있어요.

A

His name is written on the book.

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135
Q

Verb-아/어 있다

A

expresses a continuing state of a completed action.

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136
Q

수두든지 아니든지 병원에 꼭 가 봐야 돼요

A

Whether it is chicken pox or not, you definitely need to go to the hospital

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137
Q

보물을 찾든지 못 찾든지 절망에 빠지면 안 돼요

A

Whether we find the treasure or not, we can’t lose hope (fall into despair)

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138
Q

든지~

A

Used for listing possibilities and outcomes

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139
Q

을/를 통해(서)

A

illustrates how something is achieved or accomplished through or by means of an object or process.

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140
Q

그는 음악을 통해 스트레스를 해소한다

A

He relieves stress through listening to music

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141
Q

그녀는 편지를 통해 사랑한다는 말을 고백했어요

A

She expressed her love through a letter

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142
Q

친구를 통해 수지가 나를 좋아하고 있다는 말을 들었어요

A

I heard from a friend that Suji likes me

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143
Q

한국어 수업을 통해 한국의 문화를 깊이 있게 알게 되었다

A

I learned a lot about Korean culture through my Korean lessons.

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144
Q

~다가

A

used to expresses that one action occurs after another

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145
Q

학생은 열심히 공부하다가 잠이 들었어요

A

The student studied hard and then fell asleep

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146
Q

요리를 하다가 주방에서 불이 나서 급하게 가스레인지를 껐어요

A

I was cooking, and then a fire started in the kitchen so I urgently turned off the stove

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147
Q

열심히 운동하다가 갑자기 쓰러졌어요

A

While exercising hard, suddenly I collapsed

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148
Q

해물을 먹었다가 토했어요

A

I ate seafood and then threw up

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149
Q

집에 도착하자마자 밥을 먹어야 돼요

A

As soon as we arrive at home, I need to eat

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150
Q

경찰관들은 범죄자를 찾자마자 기소할 거예요

A

As soon as the police find the criminal, they will prosecute him/her

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151
Q

V-(으)나 마나

A

‘be no use doing/ even without doing’ ~the result is same whether or not you do

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152
Q

마크 씨에게 그 이야기를 해도 안 들을 거예요. 하나 마나예요.

A

Mark won’t listen even if you tell him that. It’s no use trying.

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153
Q

너무 늦어서 지금은 가나 마나예요.

A

Since it is too late, it is no use going now.

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154
Q

마시나 마나 이 커피가 맛있을 거예요.

A

Even without drinking, this coffee is delicious.

155
Q

해보나 마나 게임을 이기는 것이 불가능해요.

A

No matter whether or not you try, it’s impossible to win the game.

156
Q

한국과 북한이 통일을 해도 경제적인 문제가 많을 거예요

A

Regardless of if Korea and North Korea reunify, there will be many economical problems

157
Q

날씨가 춥더라도 꼭 오세요

A

Even if it is cold, make sure that you come

158
Q

시험을 잘 보더라도 입학하지 못할 것 같아요

A

Even if I do well on the exam, I won’t be able to get into University

159
Q

이 술집은 인기가 많아서 일찍 가더라도 입장할 수 없을지도 몰라요

A

That bar is really popular, so even if we go early, I don’t know if we will get in

160
Q

그 도둑을 잡더라도 이미 그 도둑이 훔친 돈을 다 썼기 때문에 돈을 돌려받을 수 없을 거예요

A

Even if you catch that thief, he already spent all the money he stole, so you won’t be able to receive the money

161
Q

A/V-아/어 봤자

A

even if doing…it’s no use/ won’t be that much

162
Q

더워 봤자

A

even if it’s hot

163
Q

어려워 봤자

A

even if it’s difficult

164
Q

부모님은 내가 솔직하게 말해 봤자 내 말을 믿지 않으실 거예요

A

It’s no use even if I talk honestly to my parents, they won’t believe me.

165
Q

얼굴이 아무리 예뻐 봤자 영화 배우가 될 수 없어요. 연기를 못 하잖아요.

A

No matter how pretty you are, you can’t become an actor. You can’t act.

166
Q

부산의 날씨가 더워 봤자 얼마나 덥겠어요? 그냥 가세요.

A

Even if Busan weather is hot, how hot will it be? Just go.

167
Q

~아/어도

A

Regardless of

168
Q

밥이 있어도 저는 안 먹을 거예요

A

Regardless of if there is food/rice, I am not going to eat

169
Q

태풍이 와도 내일 박람회에 가야 돼요

A

Regardless of whether there is a typhoon, I have to go to the trade show tomorrow

170
Q

그 제품을 반값으로 줘도 저는 안 살 거예요

A

Regardless of if you give me that product at half price, I’m not going to buy it

171
Q

뿐

A

“only” or “just.”

172
Q

내가 원하는 유일한 것은 너뿐이야

A

The only thing I want is you

173
Q

사람들이 나무뿌리를 다 파내서 여기 있는 게 풀뿐이야

A

People dug up all of the roots of trees, so the only thing left here is grass

174
Q

커피뿐만 아니라 간식도 샀어요

A

Not only did I buy coffee, but I also bought snacks

175
Q

곰팡이뿐만 아니라 벌레도 있어요

A

Not only is there mold, but there are bugs as well

176
Q

집에 있는 음식을 다 먹어서 이제 먹을 수 있는 게 라면뿐이에요

A

I ate everything in the house, so the only thing left is just ramen

177
Q

물을 조금 넣었다고 화를 이렇게 많이 내? 그냥 라면일 뿐이야.

A

I just put a little bit of water in it, why are you so mad? It’s just ramen.

178
Q

V-고 말다

A

used to express an unplanned action completed in an undesired way.

179
Q

열심히 공부했지만 이번 시험에 떨어지고 말았어요.

A

I studied hard but ended up failing this test.

180
Q

휴대폰을 들고 다니다가 잃어버리고 말았어요.

A

I was carrying my cell phone and lost it. (regrettably)

181
Q

V-고 말다 is often combined with -겠- or -(으)ㄹ 테니까

A

refers the speaker’s strong intention or will.

182
Q

올해는 꼭 담배를 끊고 말겠어요.

A

I will definitely quit smoking this year.

183
Q

가고 말다

A

end up going

184
Q

병이 나고 말다

A

end up getting sick

185
Q

뛰어갔는데도 지각하고 말았어요

A

Even though I ran, I ended up getting late.

186
Q

영화가 지루해서 잠이 들고 말았어요.

A

Since the movie is boring, I ended up getting sleepy.

187
Q

오늘 밤까지 이 일을 반드시 끝내고 말겠습니다.

A

I will definitely to finish this work tonight.

188
Q

올해부터 운동을 열심히 하고 말겠어요.

A

I’ll work out hard from this year.

189
Q

V-아/어/여 버리다

A

Express speaker’s feeling to the completed event/action

190
Q

수지, 왜 그렇게 화났어요?
네가 사다 놓은 케이크를 동생이 다 먹어 버렸거든요.

A

My little brother ate all the cake that I had bought.

191
Q

~에 의하다

A

According to/Due to

192
Q

신문에 의하면

A

according to the newspaper

193
Q

소문에 의하면

A

according to rumors…

194
Q

그 사람의 말에 의하면 옥수수 밭은 저 쪽이에요

A

According to what that person says, the corn field is that way

195
Q

공사에 의해 이 길은 막혔습니다

A

Due to the construction, this road is blocked

196
Q

문이 바람에 의해 열렸어요

A

The door was opened by the wind

197
Q

V-았/었다가

A

but then ~after the completion of an event, the opposite event happens

198
Q

밖이 너무 스끄럽더라고요. 그래서 창문을 열었다가 다시 닫았어요

A

It was really noisy outside. So I had opened the window but then closed it again.

199
Q

코트를 샀다가 마음에 안 들어서 환불했어요.

A

I bought a coat but then returned it because I didn’t like it.

200
Q

비행기 표를 예약했다가 갑자기 일이 생겨서 취소했어요.

A

I reserved an air ticket but then cancelled it because something came up suddenly.

201
Q

~ㄹ/을 만하다

A

To be Worth Doing

202
Q

한국은 살 만해요?

A

Is it worth living in Korea?

203
Q

그 컴퓨터는 살 만해요

A

That computer is worth buying

204
Q

밥은 먹을 만해?

A

Is the food worth eating? (is it good / tasty?)

205
Q

먹을 만한 식당을 알아요?

A

Do you know a worthwhile place to eat?

206
Q

A/V-(으)ㄹ 정도로

A

(to the extent) that ~express degree or extent of an action or state

207
Q

너무 많이 와서 앞이 잘 안 보일 정도예요.

A

it’s raining so heavy that I can hardly see the front.

208
Q

저는 쓰러질 정도로 배가 많이 고파요.

A

I was so hungry that I could have collapsed.

209
Q

그 사람이 한국말을 아주 잘해서 한국 사람이라고 생각될 정도예요.

A

That person is very good at Korean (to the extent) that people think he is a Korean.

210
Q

놀랄 정도로 비싸요.

A

It is so expensive that you will be surprised.

211
Q

지금 울고 싶을 정도로 행복해요.

A

I am so happy that I want to cry now.

212
Q

A-(으)ㄴ 편이다, V-는 편이다

A

rather A, tend to V…(than usual)

213
Q

안나 씨가 남자 친구는 체격이 어때요?
- 제 남자친구는 키가 크고 조금 통통한 편이에요.

A

Anna, what does your boyfriend look like?
- My boyfriend is rather tall and a little chubby.

214
Q

수지 씨 회사 사람들은 회식을 자주 해요?
- 네, 일주일에 한 번씩은 하니까 자주 하는 편이지요.

A

Suzy, do your company people eat out often?
- Yes, Since we eat out once a week, so we tend to do that often.

215
Q

그는 커피에 비해서 녹차를 많이 마시는 편이에요.

A

He tends to drink more green tea than coffee.

216
Q

저는 아침보다는 저녁에 더 많이 먹는 편이에요.

A

I tend to eat more in the evening than in the morning.

217
Q

우리 동네는 다른 지역에 비해서 집값이 조금 싼 편입니다.

A

The house prices in our neighborhood are rather cheaper than other areas.

218
Q

보다시피

A

As you can see./ As you see

219
Q

As you may know./As you know

A

알다시피

220
Q

너도 알다시피 내일이 마이야의 생일이야.

A

As you know, tomorrow is Maya’s birthday.

221
Q

너도 보다시피 여기는 의자가 없지 않니.

A

As you can see, there are no chairs here.

222
Q

보다시피 나는 잘 지내고있어.

A

As you can see, I’m doing well.

223
Q

너도 들었다시피 에릭이 내일 온대.

A

As you heard, Eric is coming tomorrow.

224
Q

다시피 하다

A

“practically”, “almost like”, or “nearly”

225
Q

그는 여기서 살다시피 한다

A

He practically lives here.

226
Q

나는 너무 피곤해서 거의 쓰러지다시피 침대에 누웠다.

A

I was so tired that I almost collapsed in bed.

227
Q

~ㄹ/을 지경이다

A

to/at the point of …, almost, nearly, on the verge of..

228
Q

시험이 너무 어려워 울 지경이었다

A

The exam was so difficult that I almost cried.

229
Q

피곤해서 쓰러질 지경이다

A

I am so tired that I’m about to collapse.

230
Q

목이 말라서 죽을 지경이었다

A

I almost died of thirst.

231
Q

~다 보면

A

If one does something for a while, the next action will occur

232
Q

이 길을 계속 따라가다 보면 찾고 있는 시장이 나타날 거예요

A

If you keep following this road, the market you are looking for will appear/come into view

233
Q

혼자서 살다 보면 부모님을 보고 싶은 것은 당연한 게 아니에요?

A

If you (continue to) live alone, isn’t it obvious that you will want to see (miss) your parents?

234
Q

그 어려운 일을 계속해서 하다 보면 나중에는 아주 쉽게 할 수 있어요

A

If you continue to do that difficult work/job, you will be able to do it very easily later

235
Q

A/V-다가는

A

if (the action is continued, a negative outcome will occur)

236
Q

술을 그렇게 급하게 마시다가는 금방 취해 버린다

A

If you drink in such a hurry, you will get drunk quickly

237
Q

지금의 속도로 일을 하다가는 오늘 밤을 새도 다 못 끝내겠어

A

There may be a big accident if you ride a bicycle and speed like that down the road downhill.

238
Q

남준는 조금 전까지 책을 읽다가는 갑자기 나갔다.

A

Namjoon suddenly left while reading a book a while ago.

239
Q

~아/어야

A

One must do an action in order to do another

240
Q

김치는 손수 만들어야 맛있어요

A

Kimchi must be made at home/with one’s own hands for it to be delicious

241
Q

학생들이 이 수업을 이수해야 졸업할 수 있어요

A

Students must finish this course so they can graduate

242
Q

생선이 날것이어야 맛있어요

A

Only if fish is raw is it delicious

243
Q

사람들이 운전을 할 때 신호를 준수해야 안전해요

A

When people drive, only when they obey the traffic signals is it safe

244
Q

이 약을 발라야 근육통이 없어져요

A

Only if you apply this medicine does the muscle pain go away

245
Q

V-는 한

A

as long as, if

246
Q

가능한 한 빨리 고쳐 주세요

A

Please fix it as soon as possible.

247
Q

가능한 한 일찍 오세요.

A

Please come as early as possible.

248
Q

내가 살이 있는 한 이 결혼은 절대 못해!

A

As long as I am still living, this marriage will never happen.

249
Q

학생이 한 명이라도 있는 한 수업해요.

A

The class held as long as there is at least one student.

250
Q

돈을 많이 가지고 있는 한 아무 걱정이 없어요.

A

As long as you have a lot of money, you don’t have to worry.

251
Q

그 셔츠를 벗었어요. 얼룩이 셔츠에 생겼거든요.

A

I took that shirt off. Because the shirt got stained (a stain came up)

252
Q

이제 직원들이 부장님을 아주 잘 하고 있어요. 부장님이 아직 자기 후계자를 지명하지 않았거든요.

A

Everybody is being nice to the boss now. Because he hasn’t chosen/designated his successor yet.

253
Q

건강보험을 들어야 돼요. 거기서 의료를 못 받을 것이거든요

A

We need to get insurance. Because we won’t be able to get medical treatment there.

254
Q

V-기 나름이다

A

depend on, be up to ~express the result will vary depending on how action is done

255
Q

모두 당신 하기 나름이다. / 하기에 달려 있다

A

It all depends on how you do.

256
Q

결과는 어떻게 하기 나름이다. / 하기에 달려 있다.

A

The result depends on how you do it.

257
Q

시험에 합격하고 못 하고는 각자 노력하기 나름이다.

A

Passing or failing the exam, it depends on each person’s efforts

258
Q

모든 일은 생각하기 나름이니까 긍정적으로 생각하세요.

A

Everything depends on how you think, so think positively.

259
Q

V-지 그래요?

A

why not, why don’t ~suggest someone to do something

260
Q

열지 그래요?

A

why not open …?

261
Q

더우니까 창문을 열지 그래요?

A

It’s hot, so why not open the window?

262
Q

이 문법이 너무 어려워서 잘 모르겠어요.
- 그럼, 선생님께 여쭤 보지 그래요?

A

This grammar is so difficult to understand.
- Then, why not ask the teacher?

263
Q

옷을 샀는데 디자인이 맘에 안 들어요.
- 그럼, 다른 옷으로 바꾸거나 환불을 하지 그래요?

A

I bought some clothes but I don’t like the design.
- Then, why don’t you exchange for others or get your money back?

264
Q

휴대전화가 자꾸 고장이 나요.
- 자꾸 고장이 나면 수리만 하지 말고 새 걸로 바꾸지 그래요?

A

My phone is frequently broken.
- If that’s so, then why not buy a new one instead of getting repaired?

265
Q

V-ㄴ/는 데다가

A

and also, moreover ~express additional information about the same subject

266
Q

제 방은 작은 데다가 창문도 없어서 너무 답답해요.

A

My room is small and also has no window, so it is very stuffy.

267
Q

요즘 집안일에다가 화사 일까지 겹쳐서 힘들어 죽겠어요

A

These days I am so busy due to the housework and company work.

268
Q

이 종이에다가 이름과 이메일 주소를 써 주시기 바랍니다.

A

Please write your name and email on this paper.

269
Q

이 생선이 뼈가 많이 없는 데다가 살도 부드러워서 아이들이 먹기에 좋아요.

A

This fish doesn’t have many bones, and also, it is tender, so kids like it.

270
Q

열이 나는 데다가 기침도 많이 나서 힘들어요.

A

I have a fever, and also coughing, so I am really exhausted.

271
Q

V-(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라

A

not only A, but also B ~express additional information

272
Q

우리 집은 회사에서 가까울 뿐만 아니라 아주 조용해요.

A

My house is not only close to the company but also very quiet.

273
Q

우리 집은 회사에서 멀 뿐만 아니라 아주 시끄러워요.

A

My house is not only far from the company but also very noisy.

274
Q

강원도는 산이 많을 뿐만 아니라 바다도 있어서 여행하기에 아주 좋은 곳이에요.

A

Gangwon has not only a lot of mountains, but also beaches, so It’s a very good place to travel.

275
Q

A/V-더라고요

A

I saw/experienced that ~express speaker’s recollection about past event with witness

276
Q

마리, 또 청소해요?
- 날씨가 더워서 창문을 열어 두니까 먼지가 많이 들어오더라고요.

A

Mary, are you cleaning up again?
- When I opened the window because of the hot weather, (I saw that) a lot of dust came in.

277
Q

~ㄹ/을걸 (그랬다)

A

I Should Have Done

278
Q

이용 수칙을 제대로 읽을걸

A

I should have read the rules of using (this thing) properly

279
Q

아까 그 표지를 더 자세히 볼걸

A

I should have looked at that sign better

280
Q

공기가 건조해서 로션을 조금 더 바를걸

A

The air is dry, so I should have put on a bit more lotion

281
Q

오기 전에 밥을 먹을걸 그랬나?

A

Should I have eaten before coming here?

282
Q

가사를 더 잘 외울걸 그랬어

A

I should have memorized the lyrics better

283
Q

우리가 초밥을 시킬걸 그랬나?

A

Should we have ordered sushi?

284
Q

우리가 동물원에 더 일찍 올걸 그랬지?

A

We should have come to the zoo earlier (eh?)

285
Q

나는 무거운 가방을 괜히 가져왔어

A

I didn’t need to bring this heavy bag

286
Q

괜히

A

Something That You Didn’t Need to Do

287
Q

보상을 괜히 그렇게 많이 했네요

A

I guess I gave him too much money in compensation

288
Q

~았/었아/어야 하다

A

One should have

289
Q

몸살이 나기 전에 병원에 갔어야 해요

A

You should have gone to the hospital before your body started aching

290
Q

A/V-았/었어야 했는데

A

‘I should have done’ ~regret something should have done but did not

291
Q

제가 안나 씨한테 뚱뚱해 보인다고 했거든요. 그런 말하지 말았어야 했는데 후회가 돼요.

A

I told her that she looked fat. I shouldn’t have said such a thing, and now I regret it.

292
Q

선생님, 죄송합니다. 제가 다시 한번 확인했어야 했는데 안 했더니 틀린 게 많은 것 같습니다.

A

I’m sorry, teacher. I should have checked it once more, but I didn’t, so there were many mistakes.

293
Q

오늘 가니까 선물이 다 팔렸더라고요. 미리 사러 갔어야 했는데…

A

I went today but they were all sold out. I should have bought them earlier…

294
Q

세일 기간 때문에 어제 사러 갔어야 했는데 오늘 갔더니 다 팔렸더라고요.

A

Because of sale time, I should have gone to buy it yesterday, but I went today and they are all sold out.

295
Q

는다면서(요)?

A

…right? …is it true? ~confirm something you’ve heard or learned indirectly

296
Q

너 큰 장학금이 받았다면서?

A

I heard that you got a big scholarship, is it true?

297
Q

부산에는 지금 눈이 많이 온다면서요?

A

In Busan, it’s snowing a lot now, right?

298
Q

한국 사람들은 생일에 미역국을 먹는다면서요?

A

I heard Koreans eat seaweed soup on their birthdays, right?

299
Q

한국 남자들은 모두 군대에 갔다 온다면서요?

A

Is it true that all Korean men have to do military service?

300
Q

A/V-(으)ㄴ/는/ㄹ 줄 몰랐다 and -(으)ㄴ/는/ㄹ 줄 알았다

A

I didn’t know / I thought that

301
Q

오늘 숙제가 있었어요? 저는 숙제가 있는 줄 몰랐어요. 숙제가 없는 줄 알았어요.

A

Did we have homework today? I didn’t know we had homework. I thought we didn’t have any homework.

302
Q

바람이 많이 불어서 날씨가 추운 줄 알았어요. 그런데 밖에 나오니까 춥지 않아요.

A

The wind was blowing so strong I thought it was cold. But now I am outside, it isn’t cold.

303
Q

친구와 통화 중인 줄 몰랐어요. 조용히 할게요.

A

I didn’t know that you are calling your friend. I will be silent.

304
Q

일본어가 이렇게 어려운 줄 몰랐어요.

A

I didn’t know Japanese is this difficult.

305
Q

~은/ㄴ/는 척하다

A

To pretend to

306
Q

선생님이 그를 보자 공부하는 척했어요

A

He pretended to study when the teacher looked at him

307
Q

고양이가 야생 개를 보고 누워서 죽은 척했어요

A

The cat saw the wild dog and then lay down and pretended to be dead

308
Q

그 이벤트가 마음에 들지 않았지만 감동한 척했어요

A

I didn’t like that event, but I pretended that it impressed me

309
Q

우리 아들은 TV를 보면서 침대를 정돈하는 척했어요

A

Our son pretended to clean up his bed while watching TV

310
Q

원하는 것을 받으려고 남자는 슬픈 척했어요

A

The man pretended to be sad to get what she wanted

311
Q

저는 파티에서 행복한 척했는데 사실 요즘에 진짜 슬퍼요

A

I pretended to be happy at the party, but I am actually really sad these days

312
Q

~ㄹ/을 텐데(요)

A

It is probable that, I suppose that… / would

313
Q

날씨가 좋았더라도 저는 공원에 안 갔을 텐데요

A

Even if it were nice out, I still wouldn’t have gone

314
Q

음식이 더 있으면 좋을 텐데

A

It would be good if there was more food

315
Q

날씨가 좋더라도 나는 갈 수 없을 텐데

A

Even if the weather is nice, I can’t go

316
Q

대출을 못 받을 텐데

A

We probably won’t be able to receive a loan

317
Q

그 식당이 이미 닫았을 텐데

A

The restaurant is probably already closed (Ugh, it’s too bad because the

318
Q

부장님이 없었을 텐데 그래도 부장님을 만나러 회사에 갔어요?

A

The boss probably wasn’t there, regardless, did you go to work to meet him?

319
Q

길이 막힐 텐데 지하철로 가자

A

The roads will probably be jammed, so let’s take the subway

320
Q

지도에 표시된 커다란 나무가 곧 보일 테니까 조금만 더 빨리 걷자

A

We will soon be able to see the big tree that is marked on the map, so let’s walk just a bit faster

321
Q

-(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다

A

‘seems like’, ‘appears like’ and is very similar to grammar pattern -ㄴ/은/는 것 같다. However -(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다 expresses not just a random guess but something based on certain evidences/circumstances.

322
Q

가게 앞까지 줄을 서서 기다리는 걸 보니 손님이 많은 모양이에요.

A

Seeing you waiting in line in front of the store, there seems to be a lot of customers.

323
Q

비가 올 모양이다.

A

It looks like it’ll rain. / It is likely to rain.

324
Q

어머니께서 음식을 많이 준비하시던데 손님들을 초대하신 모양이에요.

A

My mother prepared a lot of food, I think she invited some customers.

325
Q

백화점에 사람이 많은 걸 보니 세일 기간인 모양이에요.

A

Since you exercise a lot, I guess you’ll lose weight.

326
Q

It seems like later, this person is going to write a novel.

A

나중에 이분은 소설을 쓸 모양이에요.

327
Q

A/V-(으)ㄹ지도 모르다

A

might, may ~express a guess that something might happen

328
Q

여보, 우산을 가져가세요. 장마철에는 갑자기 비가 올지도 몰라요.

A

Honey, take an umbrella with you. In the rainy season, it might rain suddenly.

329
Q

휴지랑 비누를 다 썼네요. 내일 마트에 갔다 와야겠어요.
- 내일부터 설날 연휴라서 문을 안 열지도 몰라요. 오늘 갔다 오는 게 좋을 같아요.

A

We are out of toilet paper and soap. We have to go to the mart tomorrow.
- Tomorrow is the starting day of New Year holiday, so it might be closed. I think we should go today.

330
Q

어제 마리 씨가 불렀는데 대답을 안 했어요. 저한테 화가 났을까요?
- 친구랑 이야기하느라고 못 들었을지 몰라요. 너무 신경 쓰지 마세요.

A

Yesterday I tried to get Mary’s attention, but she didn’t answer. Do you think she is mad at me.
- She might be busy talking with her friend. Don’t worry much about it.

331
Q

마리 씨가 벌써 고향에 돌아갔을지도 몰라요.

A

Mary might already returned her home country.

332
Q

A (ㅇ)ㄴ 듯하다, V 는 듯하다

A

used to guess the content of preceding statement. Similar to 것 같다 but more formal

333
Q

N-치고

A

(1) talking about, (2) compared to ~express a characteristic of the noun or an exception to the general rules

334
Q

성공한 사람치고 부지런하지 않은 사람이 없다.

A

There is no successful person who is not diligent.

335
Q

직장인치고 휴일을 좋아하지 않는 사람이 없다.

A

There is no office worker who does not like holidays.

336
Q

부모님치고 자식 걱정을 하지 않는 사람이 없다.

A

There is no parent who doesn’t worry about their children.

337
Q

어린아이치고 과자를 안 좋아하는 아이를 못 봤다.

A

I haven’t seen a child who doesn’t like sweets.

338
Q

여름 날씨치고 덥지 않다.

A

Compared to the summer weather, this weather is not hot.

339
Q

요리를 처음 해 본 것치고 잘한 편이다.

A

Considering my first-time cooking, it is pretty good.

340
Q

N(이)라도

A

even N ~choose 2nd choice if the best isn’t available

341
Q

집이 너무 멀어서 중고차라도 한 대 사야겠어요.

A

My house is very far, so I am gonna buy a used car.

342
Q

우리가 빵이라도 먹을래?

A

“We should eat something, and bread isn’t really what either of us wants to eat, but it wouldn’t be that bad either.”

343
Q

배가 고파서 라면이라도 먹어야 될 거예요

A

I’m hungry, so I should eat something like ramen (I’m hungry, and I should eat something. Ramen isn’t my first choice, but it’s better than nothing [or a lot of other things])

344
Q

혹시 소스를 조금이라도 주면 안 돼요?

A

Would you be able to give me just a little bit of sauce? (I would prefer if you were able to give me a lot of sauce, but even if you give me a little it would also be okay)

345
Q

우리가 지금이라도 가야겠어요

A

We need to go right now (It would have been better if we left earlier, but that time has already passed so there is nothing we can do about it. But now, even though it is not the best option, we need to go right now)

346
Q

우리가 오늘이라도 가는 게 어때요?

A

What do you think about going today? (I would have preferred if we went yesterday [or some other day – depending on the situation], but today would also be okay. What do you think about going today?)

347
Q

그 기사를 한번이라도 보여주면 안 돼요?

A

Can you show me that article just once? (I would prefer it if you showed it to me many times (or for a longer amount of time), but even if you show it to me once I’ll be happy)

348
Q

오늘 우리 가게에 손님이 한 명이라도 왔으면 좋겠어요

A

I wish at least one customer would come into our store today (I would prefer it if many people came into the store today, but even if one person came into the store I would be happy)

349
Q

Noun ~마저(도)

A

even, including, also (usually to extreme extent)

350
Q

그에게는 어렴풋한 희망마저 없었다

A

He didn’t even have the faintest gleam of hope.

351
Q

길을 잃었는데 거기에다 비마저 오기 시작했다

A

I lost my way and it even began to rain.

352
Q

너마저 나를 떠나는구나!

A

Even you’re leaving me!

353
Q

포기하고 싶다는 생각마저 들었다

A

I even thought about wanting to quit.

354
Q

집마저 팔았다

A

He even sold his house

355
Q

A/V-기는커녕, N-은/는커녕

A

let alone, never mind, instead of ~express negation by emphasizing the preceding statement

356
Q

A-기는커녕 B도(조차) 안-/ 못-/ 없다

A

Let alone A, even B is not possible

357
Q

냉장고에 우유는커녕 물도 없어요.

A

In the fridge, there’s even no water, let alone milk.

358
Q

그는 밥은커녕 죽도 못 먹었어요.

A

He couldn’t even eat porridge, let alone rice.

359
Q

일이 많아서 휴가를 가기는커녕 휴일도 없어요.

A

I have a lot of work, so I don’t even have a holiday, let alone a vacation.

360
Q

목이 아파서 밥은커녕 물조차 마실 수 없어요.

A

Because my throat hurts, I can’t even drink water, let alone food.

361
Q

N-조차

A

(not) even …~ “not only the others but also the primary one”

362
Q

우리 엄마는 해외여행커녕 제주도조차 못 가 보셨어요.

A

Our mother has never even travelled to Jeju, not to mention overseas.

363
Q

다리가 너무 아파서 일어날 수조차 없어요.

A

I can’t even stand since my legs hurt so much.

364
Q

엄마조차 저를 못 믿으시는 거예요?

A

(Are you saying that) Even you (my mother) don’t believe me?

365
Q

~ㄹ/을수록

A

As One Situation Changes, Another Situation Changes

366
Q

공부를 할수록 똑똑해요

A

As you study, you get smart

367
Q

발톱이 길어질수록 아파요

A

The longer my toenails get, the more they hurt

368
Q

친구들을 자주 만날수록 행복해져요

A

The more often you meet friends, the happier you get

369
Q

시간이 늦을수록 버스 운행 간격이 줄어요

A

As it (the time) gets later, the interval time for buses (the frequency that buses run) decreases

370
Q

~느냐에 따라서

A

Depending on

371
Q

우리가 내일 언제 가느냐에 따라서

A

Depending on when we go tomorrow

372
Q

우리가 내일 가느냐 안 가느냐에 따라서…

A

Depending on if we go or not…

373
Q

대학에 가느냐 안 가느냐에 따라서 나의 미래가 달려 있어

A

Depending on if you go to University or not, your future could be different

374
Q

~ㅁ/음에 따라서

A

As I…

375
Q

제가 한국어를 배움에 따라서…

A

As I learned Korean…

376
Q

제가 한국어를 배움에 따라서 영어문법을 더 잘 이해했어요

A

As I learned Korean, I understood English grammar better

377
Q

~에 따라(서)

A

In accordance to…

378
Q

길 안내에 따라서 우리는 저 쪽으로 가 야 돼요

A

According to the directions (in accordance with the directions), we must go that way

379
Q

사람들은 그 나라의 문화에 따라 행동을 해 야 돼요

A

People should act according to (in accordance with) the culture of a country

380
Q

V + 는 둥 마는 둥 하다

A

signify an action done barely, half-heartedly, or in an unsatisfactory manner.

381
Q

밤새 이웃들이 큰 소리로 말싸움을 하는 바람에 저는 잠을 자는 둥 마는 둥 했어요.

A

Because my neighbours were arguing loudly last night I barely slept.

382
Q

아침에 밥을 먹는 둥 마는 둥 하고 서둘러 나갔어요.

A

This morning I only ate a few mouthfuls of breakfast before hurrying out of the house.

383
Q

저에게 부모님이 잔소리를 할 때 말을 듣는 둥 마는 둥 해요.

A

I only partially pay attention when my parents nag me.

384
Q

상사가 이력서를 읽는 둥 마는 둥 하고 휴지통에 그냥 버렸어요.

A

The boss barely gave the application form a glance before throwing it in the bin.

385
Q

가사를 잘 몰라서 노래를 부르는 둥 마는 둥 했어요.

A

I didn’t know the lyrics well so I only sang parts of the song.

386
Q

~ㄹ/을 수밖에 없다

A

There is nothing I can do but…

387
Q

우리가 먹을 것은 밥밖에 없어요

A

Outside of rice, we have nothing to eat

388
Q

저는 친구가 세 명밖에 없어요

A

I have nothing but three friends

389
Q

코치가 우리 팀에게 충고를 하나밖에 안 했었어요

A

The coach gave us nothing but one piece of advice

390
Q

아빠가 배추를 하나밖에 주문하지 않았어요

A

Dad ordered nothing but one (head of) cabbage

391
Q

선생님! 저에게 답안지밖에 안 주셨어요

A

Teacher! You only gave me an answer sheet

392
Q
A

Topik 3급 (7 decks)

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