Grapes Flashcards

Question

Cabernet Franc Chinon

Answer 1

Visual: Dark ruby color, moderate to moderate-plus concentration, pink/purple rim variation (in youth) Aromas/Flavors: Moderate-plus intensity Fruit: Bright red fruit (raspberry, cranberry, red cherry, cherry pit), tart black fruit (black cherry, blackcurrant, blackberry), underripe fruit flavors Possible carbonic maceration and/or stem inclusion Floral: Violets, lilacs, white and red flowers Herbal/green/pyrazine: Black currant bud/leaf, green bell/serrano pepper, celery seed, grass, sage, tobacco Other: Leather, cedar, cigar box Earth: High minerality, graphite/pencil lead, dust Oak: Neutral French oak barrels (some top cuvées will include new oak) Structure: Bone dry to dry, moderate-plus body, elevated tannin, elevated acidity, moderate alcohol

Answer 2

Visual: Dark purple color, high concentration Aromas/Flavors: Moderate-plus intensity Fruit: Ripe/lush black fruit (black currant/cassis, blackberry, black cherry), lush red fruit (sweet cherry, raspberry), boysenberry/blueberry Possible volatile acidity Floral: Purple flowers, violets Herbal/green (in cooler vintages): Sage, mint, green bell pepper, tobacco, eucalyptus Spice (sweet): Anise, cocoa, cinnamon, clove, allspice, nutmeg Other: Cedar, pencil shavings, sweet leather, cigar box Earth: Low to moderate-plus minerality, volcanic/ashen, gravel Oak: Moderate-plus to high use of new French oak (allspice, nutmeg, clove, smoke, toast, coffee, vanilla, roasted nut, cocoa, cedar) Structure: Dry (with ripe attack), full body, elevated to high tannin, moderate acidity, elevated to high alcohol

Answer 3

Visual: Dark ruby/purple color, moderate-plus concentration Aromas/Flavors: Moderate-plus intensity Fruit: Black fruit (black currant/cassis, blackberry, black cherry), slight red fruit and plum Floral: Purple flowers, violets Herbal/green: Sage, green bell pepper, mint, tobacco, dried savory herbs Spice (savory): Green peppercorn, anise, clove, exotic spices Other: Leather, pencil shavings, cedar, iodine, medicinal, game, cigar box Earth: Moderate-plus to high minerality, graphite, gravel, iron, damp soil, mushroom Oak: Moderate-plus to high use of new French oak (baking spices, clove, smoke, coffee, vanilla, roasted nut, cedar) Structure: Dry, moderate-plus body, elevated tannin, moderate to elevated acidity, moderate to elevated alcohol

Answer 4

Visual: Dark ruby to purple color, moderate-plus concentration Aromas/Flavors: Fruit: Ripe/lush black fruit (cassis/black currant, blackberry, black cherry), ripe/lush red fruit (red cherry, red plum), prune Floral: Purple flowers, violets Herbal/green: Intense green character, eucalyptus, mint, green bell pepper, sage Spice (sweet): Licorice/anise, cocoa, cinnamon, clove, allspice, nutmeg Other: Cedar, pencil shavings, leather, cigar box Earth: Moderate to moderate-plus minerality, earth/clay Oak: Moderate to moderate-plus use of new French or American oak (baking spices, clove, smoke, coffee, vanilla, roasted nut, cedar) Structure: Dry (with ripe attack), moderate-plus body, elevated tannin, moderate to elevated acidity, elevated to high alcohol

Answer 5

Visual: Dark ruby/purple color, moderate-plus concentration Aromas/Flavors: Moderate-plus intensity Fruit: Ripe/lush black fruits (black currant/cassis, blackberry, black cherry), ripe/lush red fruits (red plum, raspberry) Floral: Purple flowers, violets Herbal/green: Green bell pepper/capsicum, green/black olive, mint, tobacco Spice (sweet): Anise, cocoa, cinnamon, clove, allspice, nutmeg Other: Cedar, pencil shavings, leather, cigar box Earth: Moderate to moderate-plus minerality, damp earth, mushroom/compost, iron Oak: Moderate use of new French oak (baking spices, clove, smoke, coffee, vanilla, roasted nut, cedar) Structure: Dry (with ripe attack), moderate-plus body, elevated tannin, moderate to elevated acidity, moderate to elevated alcohol

Answer 6

Visual: Dark ruby/purple color, moderate-plus concentration Aromas/Flavors: Moderate-plus intensity Fruit: Ripe/lush black fruits (black currant/cassis, blackberry, black cherry), ripe/lush red fruits (red plum, raspberry) Floral: Purple flowers, violets Herbal/green: black olive, mint, tobacco Spice (sweet): Anise, cocoa, cinnamon, clove, allspice Other: pencil shavings, leather, cigar box Earth: Moderate-plus minerality, damp earth, mushroom/compost, iron Oak: Varies by producer - seamless tannin with the mountain structure - Ridge mostly American vs. Mount Eden Mostly French. baking spices, clove, smoke, coffee, vanilla Structure: Dry (with ripe attack), moderate-plus body, moderate tannin, elevated acidity, moderate alcohol

Answer 7

Visual: Dark ruby with purple tones, moderate-plus concentration Aromas/Flavors: Moderate-plus intensity Fruit: Ripe/lush black fruit (cassis, blackberry, black plum, black cherry), stewed tomato Floral: Violets, purple flowers Green/herbal/pyrazine: Green notes contrasted with ripe fruit, green bell pepper, celery, camphor Spice: Black pepper Other: Bitter chocolate Oak: Low to moderate use of new French/American oak Structure: Dry (with ripe attack), moderate-plus body, moderate tannin, moderate acidity, elevated alcohol

Answer 8

Visual: Bright ruby with purple tones, low to moderate-plus Aromas/Flavors: Moderate-plus to high intensity Fruit: Tart red fruit (strawberry, red cherry, raspberry, cranberry, red currant), watermelon Carbonic maceration notes: Pear drop, banana, bubblegum, cotton candy, lifted red fruit/floral aromatics Floral: Violets, lilacs, peonies Other: Slight black pepper, dry savory herbs Earth: Moderate to high minerality, stony, crushed rock Oak: None or neutral casks Structure: Dry, moderate-minus to moderate body, diminished to moderate tannin, elevated acidity, moderate alcohol

Answer 9

Visual: Ruby color, slight orange rim (even in youth), moderate concentration Aromas/Flavors: Moderate-plus intensity Fruit: Cooked to dried red fruits (strawberry, cherry, raspberry), roasted red plum, blackberry, raisin/fig Possible volatile acidity, oxidation Floral: Red flowers, dried lavender Herbal: Herbes de Provence, garrigue/wild brush, rosemary, brewed black tea, savory herbs Spice: Curing spices, black pepper, juniper, clove, licorice, lavender Other: Powdered sugar, dried orange/grapefruit peel, old leather/Brettanomyces Earth: Moderate-plus to high minerality, stony/gravelly, baked earth Oak: Large neutral casks (foudres) or concrete vats, although some modern special cuvée styles may incorporate smaller barrels and new oak Structure: Dry, moderate-plus to full body, moderate to elevated tannin, diminished to moderate acidity, elevated to high alcohol

Answer 10

Visual: Ruby color, slight orange rim (even in youth), moderate-plus concentration Aromas/Flavors: Moderate-plus intensity Fruit: Cooked/stewed strawberry, maraschino cherry, prune, fig, raisin, plum pie Possible volatile acidity, oxidation Floral: Red flowers Herbal: Mint, menthol, eucalyptus, black tea leaf, dried savory herbs Spice: Curing spices, black pepper, licorice Other: Powdered sugar, possible old leather/Brettanomyces Earth: Moderate minerality Oak: Neutral to moderate use of new French or American oak Structure: Dry (with a ripe attack), moderate-plus to full body, moderate tannin, moderate acidity, elevated to high alcohol

Answer 11

Visual: Dark ruby/purple color with blue tones, moderate-plus to high concentration, electric pink rim Aromas/Flavors: Moderate-plus to high intensity Fruit: Ripe/lush black fruit (black raspberry, black cherry, blackberry), ripe/lush blue fruit (concord grape jam, blueberry, plum), lush red fruit (raspberry liqueur), fig, raisin, prune Floral: Purple and red flowers, violets, damson flowers (floral aromatics are especially expressive in higher-altitude wines) Herbal/green: May have slight green notes Earth: Moderate-minus to moderate minerality, clay/mud Oak: Low to high use of new French and/or American oak, vanilla, baking spices, chocolate, cinnamon Structure: Dry (with ripe attack), full body, elevated tannin, diminished to moderate acidity, elevated to high alcohol

Answer 12

Visual: Ruby color with blue tones, moderate-plus concentration Aromas/Flavors: Moderate-plus intensity Fruit: Stewed fruit character, ripe/lush blue fruit (plum, blueberry), ripe black fruit (black currant), lush red fruit (red cherry, raspberry), fig, prune Floral: Purple flowers, violets Herbal: Fern, bay leaf, sage Spice: Christmas spice, licorice/anise Earth: Low to moderate minerality Oak: Moderate to high use of new French oak or mixed origin oak, chocolate, coffee, mocha, sweet baking spices, vanilla Structure: Dry (with ripe attack), moderate-plus to full body, moderate tannin, diminished to moderate acidity, elevated to high alcohol

Answer 13

Visual: Ruby color with garnet tones, moderate to moderate-plus concentration Aromas/Flavors: Moderate-plus intensity Fruit: Blue fruit (plum, blueberry), red fruit (strawberry, raspberry, red cherry), black fruit (blackberry, black cherry), fig/fruitcake Floral: Purple flowers, violets Herbal: Mint, bay leaf, fern, tobacco Spice: Licorice/anise, Christmas spice Earth: Moderate-plus to high minerality, clay, mushroom/truffle Oak: Moderate-plus to high use of new French oak, chocolate, coffee, cinnamon, vanilla Structure: Dry, moderate to moderate-plus body, moderate to elevated tannin, moderate acidity, elevated alcohol

Answer 14

Visual: Dark ruby color, moderate-plus concentration Aromas/Flavors: Moderate-plus intensity Fruit: Ripe black fruit (blackberry, black raspberry, black cherry), blue fruit (blueberry, plum, prune), red fruit (red plum, red cherry) Flowers: Purple flowers Herbal: Garrigue/wild herbs, herbes de Provence, black tea, tobacco Spice: Bitter chocolate, black pepper, curing spices Other: Hung/cured meats, animal/feral, game, saddle leather Earth: Moderate-plus to high minerality, forest floor, dusty Oak: Large neutral cask, coffee, cinnamon Structure: Dry, full body, elevated to high tannin, elevated acidity, elevated alcohol

Answer 15

Visual: Ruby/garnet color, significant garnet/orange rim variation, moderate concentration Aromas/Flavors: High intensity Fruit: Tart red fruit (sour cherry, red plum), blackberry, mulberry, dried plum/prune and dried cherry Significant volatile acidity, oxidation Floral: Heady floral character, roses, violets Herbal: Tea leaf, tobacco, bitter root, tree bark Spice: Licorice, anise, resin, slight clove/cinnamon spice Other: Tar, leather Earth: High minerality, truffle, mushroom, dust, organic earth Oak: Neutral large casks (Slavonian oak and chestnut botti are considered traditional casks for Barolo) Structure: Dry, medium to full body, high tannin, elevated to high acidity, elevated to high alcohol

Answer 16

Visual: Light ruby/ruby color, moderate-minus to moderate concentration Aromas/Flavors: Moderate-plus Intensity Fruit: Tart to just ripe red fruit (red cherry, raspberry, cranberry, wild strawberry), possible black cherry, beet/beetroot, tomato Possible stem inclusion Floral: Purple and red flowers, violets, lilacs, potpourri Herbal/vegetable: Tea leaf, dried herbs, fennel, rhubarb, sweet squash Spice: Red licorice, anise, clove Other: Game, leather Earth: Moderate to high minerality, fluoride, wet stone, mushroom/forest floor, damp leaves Oak: Neutral to high use of new French oak, toast, vanilla bean, smoke, baking spices, cinnamon, roasted nut, caramel (typically, Côte de Nuits producers use higher percentages of new oak than their counterparts in the Côte de Beaune) Structure: Dry, moderate to moderate-plus body, diminished to elevated tannin, elevated acidity, moderate to elevated alcohol

Answer 17

Visual: Ruby color, moderate concentration Aromas/Flavors: Moderate-plus intensity Fruit: Ripe/lush red fruit (strawberry, cherry, raspberry), ripe black cherry, blueberry Floral: Purple and red flowers, potpourri Herbal: Tea leaf, citrus zest/peel, tomato leaf Spice: Red licorice, oak spices Other: Cola, kola nut Earth: Moderate-plus minerality, wet leaves, compost, mushroom, forest floor Oak: Moderate to high use of new French oak, vanilla, baking spices, coffee, chocolate, caramel Structure: Dry (with ripe attack), moderate-plus body, diminished to moderate tannin, moderate to elevated acidity, moderate to elevated alcohol

Answer 18

Visual: High clarity, bright ruby color, moderate concentration Aromas/Flavors: Moderate-plus intensity Fruit: Ripe/lush red fruit (strawberry jam, cherry, raspberry), ripe black cherry, plum/prune Floral: Purple and red flowers, potpourri Herbal: Tea leaf, citrus zest/peel Spice: Red licorice, clove, cinnamon Other: Cola, kola nut Earth: Moderate minerality Oak: Moderate-plus to high use of new French oak (one-third or more new barrels), toast, vanilla bean, smoke, baking spices, clove, cinnamon, roasted nut, caramel Structure: Dry (with ripe attack), moderate-plus body, moderate tannin, moderate to elevated acidity, elevated alcohol

Answer 19

Visual: Dark ruby/purple, moderate-plus concentration, stained tears Aromas/Flavors: Moderate-plus intensity Fruit: Roasted/charred black and red fruit, blackberry, black cherry, slight fig Significant Brettanomyces: Saddle leather, clove, smoke, Band-Aid Other: Sanguine/blood, fresh paint, rubber/burnt rubber, barbecue Oak: Moderate to high use of new oak Structure: Dry, moderate-plus body, moderate tannin, moderate to elevated acidity, moderate alcohol

Answer 20

Visual: Chianti: Light ruby with slight garnet tones, moderate-minus to moderate concentration (concentration and color may be darker if the wine is a blend) Brunello: Dark ruby, garnet rim variation, moderate-plus concentration Aromas/Flavors: Fruit: Tart red fruit (sour cherry, raspberry, cranberry, red currant), red apple, black cherry, mulberry, tomato Floral: Dried flowers, potpourri Herbal/green: Fennel, roasted savory herbs, thyme, rosemary, marjoram, camphor, bitter root Spice: Clove, smoke (Brettanomyces indicators), coffee/oak spices Other: Sanguine/blood, balsamic, animal, leather, tar Earth: Moderate to high minerality, clay, crushed rock, baked earth Oak: Chianti: None or large neutral cask with possible mixed use of French oak barriques (Chianti DOCG may not see any oak, whereas Chianti Classico and Riserva DOCG wines age in oak barrels) Brunello: Large neutral cask with possible mixed use of French oak barriques Note: Classic examples of both do not see any significant new wood Structure: Chianti: Bone dry to dry, moderate to moderate-plus body, elevated to high tannin, elevated to high acidity, moderate to elevated alcohol Brunello: Bone dry to dry, full body, elevated to high tannin, elevated to high acidity, elevated alcohol

Answer 21

Visual: Opaque, dark purple color, high concentration, deeply stained tears Aromas/Flavors: High intensity Fruit: Ripe/lush black fruit (blackberry, cassis), lush blue fruit (blueberry, plum), dried fruit (fig, raisin, date), raspberry liqueur, mulberry Floral: Purple and red flowers, lavender (less prominent than in Northern Rhône examples) Herbal/green: Eucalyptus, mint/menthol, herbes de Provence, rosemary Spice: Black pepper, dried savory spices, licorice, Christmas spices/fruitcake Other: Bitter chocolate, smoke, grilled meat Earth: Low to moderate minerality Oak: Low to high use of new American or French oak, vanilla, coconut, dill, chocolate, mocha, baking spices, cumin, curry/fenugreek, maple Structure: Dry (often with 2–4 g/l of RS), full body, moderate to elevated tannin, moderate to elevated acidity, elevated to high alcohol

Answer 22

Visual: Ruby/purple color, moderate-plus to high concentration Aromas/Flavors: Moderate-plus intensity Fruit: Tart/ripe black fruit (blackberry, black cherry, black plum), blue fruit (blueberry, boysenberry), red fruit (raspberry) Possible carbonic maceration and/or stem inclusion Floral: Purple and red flowers, lavender, violets Herbal/green: Black/green olive, green peppercorn, herbes de Provence, rosemary Spice: White/black pepper, curing spices, juniper Other: Tar, hung/cured meat, smoke, bacon fat, Band-Aid (Brettanomyces) Earth: Moderate-plus to high minerality, crushed rock, iron Oak: Neutral barrel/cask or low to moderate use of new French oak Structure: Bone-dry to dry, moderate-plus body, moderate to elevated tannin, elevated to high acidity, moderate to elevated alcohol

Answer 23

Visual: Ruby, moderate-minus to moderate concentration Aromas/Flavors: Moderate-plus intensity Fruit: Tart/sweet red fruit (red cherry, strawberry, red currant), sour Asian plum, dried plum Significant oxidation and Brettanomyces for gran reserva styles Floral: Red and dried flowers Herbal: Tobacco, dill Other: Sweet and sour sauce, iodine, leather, spice Earth: Moderate to high minerality, baked earth, clay, compost Oak: Low to moderate use of new American or mixed American/French barrels (long aging in oak for reserva and gran reserva styles), vanilla, coconut, dill, cumin, curry, fenugreek, sandalwood Structure: Dry, moderate-plus body, elevated tannin, moderate to elevated acidity, moderate to elevated alcohol

Answer 24

Visual: Ruby/dark ruby, moderate to moderate plus concentration (color and concentration are highly affected by blending other varieties) Aromas/Flavors: Moderate-plus to high intensity of aromas Fruit: Jammy/brambly berry fruit (raspberry, black cherry, cherry compote, blackberry, cassis, blueberry), cranberry jam, raisin, fig, peach yogurt, apricot Non-fruit: Black pepper, briar, slight potting soil/turned earth Oak: Neutral to moderate use of new American oak, French oak, or mixed barrels: Vanilla, sawdust, coconut, chocolate, mocha, coffee, caramel, dillweed, cinnamon Structure: Dry (often with perceptible RS), full body, moderate tannin, moderate to elevated acidity, elevated to high alcohol

Grapes Flashcards

(48 cards)