Greece Flashcards
Region Varieties (164 cards)
1
Q
What are the 4 PDOs of Macedonia? What one has required vine training methods?
A
- Naoussa PDO (Xinomavro)
- Amynteo PDO (Xinomavro)
- Goumenissa PDO (Xinomavro, Negoska (20% minimum)) vines must be 4 years old to harvest only goblet and double cordon allowed
- Slopes of Meliton (Halkidiki is the one region for the single producer Domaine Carras)
- Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, plus Lemnio and Cabernet Franc
- White: Roditis, Assyrtiko, plus Athiri
2
Q
Style of wine and location of the following:
Amynteo PDO
A
Macedonia - Greece
- Sparkling Rose: Traditional method or tank method
- Still Rose
- Dry Red
- 100% Xinomavro
3
Q
What is the only grape variety of Amynteo PDO?
A
100% Xinomavro
Produce dry red, rose and sparkling rose
4
Q
What are the sweetest regulation on the production of Amynteo sparkling wines?
A
- Sparkling rose: 17-32 g/l
- Semi-sweet sparkling rose: 32-50 g/l
5
Q
What is the minimum ageing requirement for Reserve / Selected red wines in Greece?
A
White Wines
Minimum 1 year in total including 6 months in oak and 3 months in bottles
Only allow for dry wines
Red Wines
Minimum 2 years in total including 12 months in oak and 6 months in bottles
Only allow for dry wines
6
Q
What is the minimum ageing requirement for Grande Reserve red wines in Greece?
A
- Wines must be aged for a minimum of 4 years in total
- This must include at least 18 months in barrels and 18 other months in bottle
This term is only used on the production of dry wines
7
Q
What is the name of the God of wine in the Greek mythology ?
A
Dionysus
8
Q
Name the specific resin name used for the production of Retsina. When is it added to wine now?
A
Aleppo Pine Resin
first half of fermentation in a sort of tea bag
Back in times, wines were transported around Ancient Greece in Amphora, covered with this Pine Resin to prevent any for of spoilage
9
Q
Can you name the grape variety most use for the production of Retsina
A
Savvatiano & Roditis
Retsina can not be vintage dated on the label
10
Q
Can Retsina wine be vintage dated?
A
No,
This wine is only considered as a tradition wine appelation but classified in PGI for the European court. It does not have any legal term and regulation
11
Q
Name the 2 biggest wine producer of Greece?
A
- Boutari (Naoussa)
- Tsantali (Naoussa)
12
Q
What are the 2 level of PDO appellations of the Greek wine industry?
Precise their focus.
A
- OPAP: Controlled Appellation of Origin: for dry wines
- OPE: Appellation of Superior Quality: For traditional sweet wine appellations
13
Q
What is the ageing assessment for the production of Reserve white in Greece?
A
- Minimum 1 years in total
- including 6 months in oak and 3 months in bottles
Only allow for dry wines
14
Q
What is the ageing assessment for the production of Grande Reserve white wine in Greece?
A
- Minimum 2 years in total
- including 12 months in oak and 6 months in bottles
Only allow for dry wines
15
Q
Name 2 of the most famous PGI traditional wines of Greece?
A
- Retsina (Savaatiano)
- Verdea - from Zakinthos (50% Skiadopoulo) Traditional verdea is a high alcohol content, dry wine, which gives a strong sense of aging in oak barrels reminiscent of sherry. Without losing their traditional character, today’s verdea wines are amber in color and have fruity aromas and a fresh and piquant taste. It owes its name to the Italian “verde,” meaning “green,” which refers to the color of the unripe grapes used to increase the wine’s acidity.
16
Q
Explain the following wine style and precise its location:
Verdea
A
Zakynthos in the Ionian island
- Oxydative wine - sherry like
- Produced from the Skiadopoulo, Pavlos, Robola, Goustolidi, Avgoustiatis
17
Q
Precise the grape varieties of the following wine:
Verdea
A
- Skiadopoulo
- Pavlos
- Rebula
- Goustolidi
- Avgoustiatis
18
Q
What is the signification of the term Cava on the Greek wine industry?
A
This is link with minimal ageing requirement under the PGI rules
- White and Rose: at least 1 year of ageing including 6 months in oak
- Red: At least 3 years of ageing including at least 12 months in oak
19
Q
What is the following term referred to? From where
Palaiomenos se Vareli
A
- This term is used in Greece
- This can be added to a Cava, Reserve or Grande Reserve wines to mention than the wine spends an extended time in oak in comparison of the official rules
20
Q
What is the North-Eastern most wine region of the Greece mainland?
A
Thrace
This wine region does not claim any PDO wine area.
21
Q
What is the traduction / meaning of
Xinomavro
A
Acid-black
22
Q
Name the single owner and producer of the Slopes of Meliton PDO? Who was the OG consulting winemaker?
A
- *Domaine Porto Carras**
- Evangelos Gerovassiliou launch the estate in 1970 after been trained in Bordeaux*
- Red wines: Based in Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Limnios
- White wines: Assyrtiko, Athiri, Rhoditis
- Emile Peynaud
23
Q
What was the first Cooperatives winery of Greece?
When was it established?
A
Samos
Founded in 1934
Few cooperatives were created at this period to absorb the over production of grape in the all country.
24
Q
Why Retsina was heavily produced on the 1950’s?
A
The pine resin was used to hide a rough, harsh taste of some large scale production wines.
This disturb the market, and give hard time for Greek wine to show up as a quality wine production in following decades.
25
When were the Greek wine laws first introduced?
* In **1969**, Greece started its first wine law
* In **1971** most of the today wine regions were created.
* In **1981** Joins EU
* In 2009 PDO's are established
26
When did Greece joined European Union?
1981
## Footnote
*This largely helps the country to open its door to export and also in planting new international grape in the country*
27
# What is the following term refer to?
**Kokkineli**
This is a **Retsina** produced from the pink-skinned **Roditis** variety, made as a **rose wine**
28
What are the **most planted** variety in Greece?
1. Savvatiano: 16.5%
2. Roditis: 14.3%
3. Agiorgitiko: 5%
4. Liatiko: 3%
5. Xinomavro: 3%
*Pourcentages are in link to country annual average production in variety*
29
What is the latitude of Greece?
Greece is located between the **34th and 42nd parallels North**
30
What is the Greece's tallest mountain peak?
* *Mount Olympus**
* Reach 3,000m above sea Level*
31
Name the most important mountain range of Greece?
**Pindos Mountains**
Sourthern most extention of the Alps mountains.
*It's covers most of the Greece mainland, from the North to Peloponnese on the south*
32
What are the 3 main seas surrounding Greece?
* **Aegean Sea** on the East
* **Ionian Sea** on the West
* **Libyan Sea** on the south of Crete
33
What are the 3 sub-classification of the Aegean island?
* **Cyclades**: Surrounding Santorini island
* **Dodecanese**: The south east part, nearest to Turkey
* **North Aegean Island**: Closer to Macedonia
34
What are the main wine regions of Greece?
_From North to South_
* Tharce
* Macedonia
* Epirus
* Thessalia
* Central Greece
* Peloponnese
* Crete
* Aegean Islands
* Ionian islands
35
Name the **wind of the Aegean island**, helps mitigate the hot and dry climate
**Meltemi**
Cold and dry wind from the north Balkan regions.
36
# Explain the following term:
**TO**
= Topikos Oinos
## Footnote
*Equivalent of the french Vin de Pays*
37
How may PDO are nowadays all over Greece?
33 in total
*They are all focused on indigenous varieties, aside from **Slopes of Meliton PDO** and **Messenikola PDO***
38
# What is the method of production of the following wine in Greece?
**Vins naturellement doux**
Wines produced only from **sun-dried grapes**
## Footnote
*No botrytis, no fortification at any point*
39
What spirit is used on the production **Vin Doux Naturel** in the Greek landscape?
**Tsipouro**
*Greek grappa sometimes flavored with anise*
40
What estatein Greece blend **Mavrodaphne** with Cabernet Sauvignon and Resfosco?
**Domaine Mercouri**
Western Peloponnese
41
What are the **4 Xinomavro PDO** based of Greece?
* **Amynteo**
* **Naoussa**
* **Goumenissa**: *Blended with Negoska*
* **Rapsani**: *Blended with Krassato and Stavroto*
42
What are the most important **PDOs for the Mandillaria** variety in Greece ?
* Archanes
* Candia
* Peza
* Paros
* Rhodes
* Sitia
43
There is any PDO within the Thrace region?
**No**, only few PGI
## Footnote
***PGI District**: Evros*
***PGI Area wine**: Avdira and Ismaros*
44
What is the most important city of **Macedonia**?
**Thessaloniki**
## Footnote
*2nd largest city of Greece, located on the coast, with on of the biggest port of the country*
45
# Location and style of wine of the following:
**Amynteo PDO**
**Western Macedonia** - Greece
* Located Near the **Pindos mountain range**
* One of the coldest wine region of Greece, with common snow fall
* **100% Xinomavro**
* Dry red and rose wines, also sparkling rose
46
# Style of wine and location of the following:
**Naoussa PDO**
**Macedonia** - Greece
* 100% Xinomavro
* **Dry red**
* **Semi dry red**: 4,5 to 17,5 g/l
* **Semi-sweet red** : 17,5 to 45 g/l
47
What is the soil type of **Naoussa PDO**?
Mostly rich **clay** with **limestone**
48
# Location and year of establishment of the following:
**Boutari**
Largest winery of Greece, based in Macedonia since 1879.
49
Name few **Crus** of Naoussa allow to appear on the label.
* **Trifolos**: low elevation
* **Fytia**: higher altitude
* **Ramnista**
50
What is the mountain range located near **Goumenissa PDO**?
**Mount Paiko**
51
# Style of wine and location of the following:
**Goumenissa PDO**
**Macedonia** - Greece
* **Xinomavro** + at least 20% Negoska
* Dry red wines only
* **Minimum altitude**: 150m above sea Level
* *Warmest region of the 3 Macedonian Xinomavro based*
52
What Grape (aside from Xinomavro) must be part of the blend in **Goumenissa PDO**?
**Negoska**
It must represent at least 20% of the final blend
53
What is the southern most region of production of Xinomavro in Greece?
**Rapsani PDO**
* Thessalia
* **Xinomavro** is know as Principal Variety.
* *Krassato and Stavroto are authorised variety of the final blend*
54
# Style of wine and location of the following?
**Rapsani PDO**
**Thessalia** - Greece
* Dry red wine only
* **Xinomavro** *+ Krassato and Stavroto*
* **Hand harvest** is required and grapes can not be carried in more than 20kg plastic boxes
* malo-lactic fermentation me be done in oak barrel
55
Under **Rapsani PDO,** what varieties can be blended alongside **Xinomavro**?
* Krassato
* Stavroto
56
What are the Greek's 2 PDO allowing international varieties?
* **Slopes of Meliton PDO**: Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon
* **Messenilkola PDO**: Syrah and Carignan are complete the blend of the Mavro-Mesenikola variety
57
# Style of wine and location of the following:
**Messenikola PDO**
**Thessalonia** - Greece
* Dry red wine only
* **70% minimum Mavro-Mesenikola**
* 30% maximum of Syrah and Carignan combined
58
# Style of wine and location of the following:
**Anchialos PDO**
**Thessalonia** - Greece
* **Dry white:** 0 to 4 g/l sugar
* **Semi-Dry:** 4.5 to 17.5 g/l sugar
* **Semi-sweet:** 17.5 to 45 g/l sugar
* Minimum **80% Roditis** + Savvatiano
59
What is the residual sugar ranges for the production of **Anchialos PDO**?
* **Dry**: 0 to 4 g/l
* **Semi-dry**: 4 to 17.5 g/l
* **Semi-sweet**: 17.5 to 45 g/l
## Footnote
*80% Roditis + Savvatiano*
60
What are the PDO of **Thessalia** wine region?
* Rapsani PDO
* Anchialos PDO
* Messenikola PDO
61
What is the sole PDO of **Epirus** wine region?
**Zitsa PDO**
* Only dry white wine and sparkling
* 100% Debina
* Sparkling wines can be produced either in Traditional Method or in Tank
* highest elevation vines in greece
62
# Style of wine and location of the following:
**Zitsa PDO**
Single PDO of Epirus - Greece
* **100% Debina**
* Dry white wine
* **Sparkling**:
* dry*: 17 to 32 g/l Residual sugar*
* Semi-Dry: *32 to 50g/l Residual sugar*
63
What is the Residual sugar range for **Zitsa PDO Sparkling wine**?
* **Dry**: 17 to 32 g/l Residual sugar
* **Semi-Dry**: 32 to 50g/l Residual sugar
64
What are the 2 **PGI district** of central Greece?
* Attiki (retsina)
* Evia
* viotia
all may make retsina
65
What are the PDOs of **Peloponnese**?
* Nemea PDO (100% agiorgitiko)
* Mantinia PDO (Moschofilero 85%)
* Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO (Min. 51% Monemvassia, plus Assyrtiko, Asproudes, Kydonitsa)
* Patras PDO (100% Roditis)
* Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO ( Mavrodaphne and a max. 49% Mavri Korinthiaki)
* Muscat of Patras PDO (
* Muscat of Rio Patras PDO
66
# What is the style of wine and location of the following:
**Nemea PDO**
* Dry Red Wines
* Semisweet Red Wines (produced by stopping fermentation or by adding must concentrate to dry wines)
* Vin Doux (Sweet Vin de Liqueur, produced by adding spirit to the must prior to fermentation)
* Vin Doux Naturel (Sweet Fortified Red Wines, produced by adding the spirit to the must during fermentation)
* Sweet Dried Grape Wines
Influenced by the gulf of Corinth (East) and Mount Kyllini (west) this allows for an elevation swing of 250-800m allowing for the many styles of wine. Vin de garde style dry wines produced In the high elevation zones and sweet wines in the low elevation zones.
warm Mediterranean climate
grape named for the church of St. George as Agiorgitiko means “St. George’s Grape” -
67
What is the grape variety of **Nemea PDO**?
100% Agiorgitiko
68
# Style of wine and location of the following
**Mantinia PDO**
Peloponnese - Greece
* **85% Moschofilero** + Asproudes
* Dry white wine
* **Sparkling**: *Brut nature to doux*
69
When did **Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO** received its PDO appelation?
* *July 2010**
* One of the latest wine region to be awarded such statut*
70
# Style of wine and location of the following
**Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO**
**Peloponnese** - Greece
* Naturally sweet wines: *sun dried Vin Liastos*
* Vin Doux Naturel: *Fortified sweet*
* **51% Monemvasia** + Assyrtiko, Kydonitsa, Asproudes
* **Residual Sugar**: minimum 80 g/l - liastos
* Must be aged for a minimum of **2 years**.
* If aged longer than 2 years, it must be multiples of 4 (*4, 8, 12...)*
71
What is the minimum residual sugar required in**Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO**?
80 g/L
72
What are the varieties of **Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO**?
* **51% Monemvasia**
* + Kydonitsa, Assyrtiko, Asproudes
73
# Location and style of wine of the following:
**Patras PDO**
Peloponnese - Greece
* **100% Roditis**
* Dry
* **Semi Dry**: 4.5 to 17.5 g/l
* **Semi swee**t: 12 to 45 g/l
74
What is the variety of Patras PDO?
* *100% Roditis**
* Dry and sweet wines*
75
# Location and style of wine of the following:
**Muscat of Patras PDO**
Peloponnese - Greece
* **100% Moschato Aspro**
* **Fortified VDN**: *Fortified during fermentation*
* VDN Grand Cru with vineyard specification
* **Fortified VDL**: *fortified prior to fermentation*
* **Natural sweet wine:** *sun dried grapes*
76
# Location and style of wine of the following:
**Muscat of Rio Patras PDO**
**Peloponnese** - Greece
* **100% Moschato Aspro**
* Fortified VDN: *Fortified during fermentation*
* VDN Grand Cru with vineyard specification
* Fortified VDL: *fortified prior to fermentation*
* Natural sweet wine: *sun dried grapes*
* Fortified Wine (VDN, VDN Grand Cru, VDL): may be aged up to 5 years in oak barrels
*Chapatization is forbidden to any wines*
77
# Location and style of wine of the following:
**Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO**
**Peloponnese** - Greece
* **Natural sweet red**: VDL from dried grapes
* **Sweet red**: VDL from fresh grape juice
* In Greece a VDL is either a wine where fermentation is arrested through fortification after an alcoholic strength in the wine has reached at least 4%, or as a wine where neutral spirit of at least 96% abv is added to fresh grape must.
***_Ageing:_***
* Min. 1 year in oak barrels of 1,000 liters or less
* "Reserve": Min. 3 years, including 2 years in cask and 1 year in bottle
* "Vieille Reserve": Min. 5 years, including min. 2 years in cask and 2 years in bottle
* "Grand Reserve": Min. 7 years, including a min. 3 years in oak and 3 years in the bottle
* Non-Vintage blends require a minimum 3 years of aging after the final blend.
78
Ageing requirement of **Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO**?
* Min 1 year in 1000L or less
* **Reserve**: 3 years including 2 year in cask and 1 in bottle
* **Vieille Reserve**: Min 5 years including 2 years in oak and 2 years in bottle
* **Grande Reserve**: Min 7 years including in 3 years in oak and 3 years in bottle
* **Non-Vintage**: min 3 years of ageing after the final blend
79
What is the minimum ageing requirement for **Mavrodaphne of Patras Vieille Reserve**?
* Wines must be aged for a minimum of **5 years** in total
* *This include at least **2 years** in oak and **2 years** in bottle*
80
What is the minimum ageing requirement for **Mavrodaphne of Patras Grande Reserve**?
* Wines must be aged of a minimum of **7 years** in total
* *This include 3 years in oak and 3 years in bottles*
81
What are the varieties allow under the **Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO**?
* **Mavrodaphne**
* up to 49% of Mavri-Korinthiaki
82
What are the 4 Ionian islands producing wine under PDO or PGI delimitation?
* **Cephalonia**: PDO
* **Zakynthos**: PGI
* **Lefkada**: PGI
* **Corfu**: PGI
83
What is the main climatic concern of the Ionian Island?
**Fungus pressure**.
## Footnote
*These island receive the highest amount of rainfall of the all country. Moisture and humidity is high in spring.*
84
What is the only part of Greece without any **Regional PGI appellation?**
The Ionians island.
85
What are the 3 PDO appellations of the Ionian Islands?
* Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO
* Muscat of Cephalonia PDO
* Robola of Cephalonia PDO
86
# Style of wine and location of the following:
**Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO**
Ionians Island - Greece
* Sweet fortified wine
* 50% Movrodaphne + up to 50% Mavri-Korinthiaki (*in co-fermentation*)
* 15-22% ABV
87
# Style of wine and location of the following:
**Muscat of Cephalonia PDO**
**Ionians island** - Greece
* 100% Moschato Aspro
* **Naturally sweet:** *sun dried grapes*
* **VDN**: Fortified during alcoholic fermentation
* **VDN Grand Cru:** *lower yields and selected parcels*
* **VDL**: *Fortified prior to alcoholic fermentation*
* No chaptalisation allow
88
# Style of wine and location of the following:
**Robola of Cephalonia PDO**
**Ionian Island** - Greece
* **100% Robola**
* Dry white wine only
* Classic Reserve and Grande Reserve ageing rules
89
What is the southern most Ionian island to produce wine?
**Zakinthos**
is also the warmest
90
What is the style of wine of Verdea PGI?
Where is it produced?
**Zakynthos Island**
* Usually **dry white wine**, with high alcohol content.
* It display a **strong oxidative** profile flavours coming from long ageing in oak barrels
* **Varieties**: 50% Skiadopoulo + Robola, Pavlos, Goustolidi
91
What is the second name of **Central Greece**?
**Sterea Ellada**
92
What is the largest PDO of Greece?
**Patras PDO**
93
What is the most important variety of Lefkada Island
* *Vertzami**
* Also know as **Lefkaditiko***
94
Name the traditional **trellising system** of Santorini Island? Yearly rainfall?
* *Stefani or Kouloura**
* Ground floor basket shape*
* 8-12 inches
95
What are the 2 islands of production of **Santorini PDO**?
* **Thera**: AKA Santorini
* **Thirasia**
96
What are the grape varieties of Santorini? Why has phylloxera never affected Santorini?
**85% of Assyrtiko** + Aidani, Athiri
## Footnote
*Small amount of traditional varieties can be included: Katsano, Monemvassia, Gaidouria, Moscato Aspro, Platani and Roditis*
soil of volcanic origin (Therean ash and pumice) and **sandy composition, with virtually zero moisture capacity and organic matter** -which explains the absence of phylloxera.
97
What is the minimum amount of Assyrtiko required for the production of **Vin Santo in Santorini PDO**?
**50% minimum**
Rest of the blend can be Aidani and Athiri
## Footnote
*For the production of dry white, the minimum amount of Assyrtiko is 85%.*
98
Precise the **minimum ageing** for the production of **Vin Santo in Santorini**?
* Wines must be aged for a minimum of **2 years**
* If the wine is release with ageing statement rather than vintage, ageing must be extended to **4 years**, and can only be listed as multiple of 4 (8, 12, 16...
* *The full maturation process must occur on the island of Thera or Thirasia.*
99
What are the 2 **red grape varieties** grow on the island of **Santorini**?
* Mandilaria
* Mavrotragano
100
How is the Vin Santo process in Santorini island?
* Made with a minimum of **51% of Assyrtiko** + Aidani and Athiri
* **Sun-dried grapes**
* Ussually **unfortified**, with a ageing of minimum **2 years** prior releasing
101
# Explain the following style of wine:
**Nykteri**
* **Traditional** style of wine from **Santorini island**
* Made from over ripe grapes
* Grapes are **pressed over night** (*Nykta in Greece*).
* 85% Assyrtiko
* Following the fermentation, wines are aged for a minimum of **3 months** in oak barrel
102
# Explain the origin and the style of the following wine:
**Mezzo**
A less sweet version of vinsanto
103
What are the **2 PDOs** of the **Paros Island**?
Where is the island located?
**Cyclades** - Greece
* **Paros PDO**: **Styles**
* Dry white
* Dry red
* **Authorized varieties**
* White: 100% Monemvassia
* Red: co-fermentation of minimum 35% Mandilaria grape, and Monemvassia must
* **Malvasia of Paros PDO**: **Styles:**
* Fortified Wine from Sun Dried Grapes
* Naturally Sweet Wine (Sun Dried)
* **Authorized Varieties:** minimum 85% Monemvasia, maximum 15% Assyrtiko
104
What is the only PDO of Greece requiering **co-fermentation** of white and red varieties of its **red wines**?
**Paros PDO**
*Wines must be produced from a minimum of 35% of Mandilaria co-fermented with Monemvasia*
105
# What is the location and style of the following:
**Paros PDO**
**Cyclades Island** - Greece
* **Dry white**: Monemvasia
* **Dry red**: 35% Mandilaria minimum co-fermented with Monemvasia
106
# Style of wine and location of the following:
**Malvasia of Paros PDO**
**Cyclades Island** - Greece
* Sweet white
* **85% Monemvasia** + Assyrtiko
* sun-dried grapes
* Usually no-fortified wine
* **Vintage**: minimum 2 years of ageing
* **NV blend**: 4 years minimum of ageing
107
What are the PDOs of the **Aegean Island** of Greece?
* Santorini PDO
* Paros PDO
* Malvasia of Paros PDO
* Rhodes PDO
* Muscat of Rhodes PDO
* Muscat of Lemnos PDO
* Limnos PDO
* Samos
108
In what viticulture region is **Mount Atavyros** an important feature?
Rhodes islands within the Aegean islands of Greece
109
What producer is **dominating the production** of wine within the island of **Rhodes**?
**CAIR**
* unofficial cooperative created in **1928**.
* Made its name around **sparkling wine** produce on the island. Back in time, this wine was called *Greek Champagne*
110
**What wines are produced on Rhodes?**
**Cyclades island** - Greece
* **Dry to semisweet white**: 70% Athiri + *Assyrtiko and Malagoussia*
* **Dry to semisweet red**: 70% Mandilaria + *Mavrthiriko*
* **Dry to semisweet rose**: same than red
* **Sparkling**
111
**Explain the wines of Muscat of Rhodes PDO**
**Cyclades island** - Greece
* **100% Moschato Aspro**
* VDL
* VDN
* VDN Grand Cru
*This appelation is rarely saw on the market*
112
Give some synonyms of **Muscat a Petits Grains** in Greece?
* Moschato Aspro
* Moschato Trani
113
In 2011, the Lemnos has change its rules.
What new there?
**Since 2011,** winemakers can produce **dry red wine** under the Lemnos PDO appellation.
114
What is **Kalampaki ?**
local name of the Limnio variety grow within the Lemnos island?
*Only call such as for the production of dry red wines*
115
What is the most planted variety for the Lemnos island?
**Muscat of Alexandria**
*Mostly use for the production of sweet fortified wine. Dry versions are rising up, and are becoming more and more interesting*
116
# What style of wine and location of the following:
**Lemnos PDO**
## Footnote
**Aegean Island** - Greece
* **Dry to semi-sweet white**: Moschato Alexandrias
* **Dry red**: Limnio (*AKA Kalampaki*)
* **Liastos**: sun dried wine
* **Fortified**: Vin de Liqueur from dried grapes
117
# Where and what is the following term referred to on Lemnos?:
**Liastos**
* Traditional **Straw-sun dried wine** still produced of Limnio
* The wine must be aged for a minimum of **24 months** prior to release
* Wines may also be labeled with an average age given in 4 year increments, 4, 8, 12, 16 etc, which allows the blending of younger wines with older.
* The sun dry process must concentrate the sugar content from **220 to 320 g/L**
* **Residual sugar:** 80 g/L minimum
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What is the minimum **residual sugar** for the production of **Liastos** wine in **Lemnos** island?
80 g/L
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# Style of wine and location of the following:
**Muscat of Lemnos PDO**
**Aegean island** - Greece
* **100% Moschato Alexandria**
* Natural sweet wine
* Vin de Liqueur
* Vin Doux Naturel
* Vin Doux Naturel grand cru
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# Style of wine and location of the following:
**Samos PDO**
**Aegean islands** - Greece
* **Moschato Aspro** (*AKA Muscat a Petit Grains*)
* Vin Doux Naturel
* Vin Doux Naturel Grand Cru
* Vin de Liqueur: *May be aged in oak vessel for up to 5 years*
* Naturally sweet wine
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Who is the sole producer of **Samos PDO**?
**UWC Samos:** Union of Vinicultural Cooperatives of Samos *control the complete of the production of the island.*
## Footnote
*nowadays, handful of new winemakers started to produce their own wines.*
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In 1934, a law was voted to control the wine production of the Samos island.
**Can you precise what was the term of this law?**
* This law required wines produced from the **Muscat Blanc** variety could be the only one to claim the **Samos origin**.
* In fact, it indirected created the **first appelation** of Greece.
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What grape variety cover more than 95% of the **Samos planting?**
**Muscat Blanc** - *AKA Moschato Aspro*
## Footnote
The 5% remaining are covers by Ritino and Fokiano variety. Both grapes are red
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# Where this following wine are coming from?
**Nectar** and **Anthemia**
Samos island in Greece.
* Both wine produced from the **Moschato Aspro** variety
* **Nectar** is a sun-dried grape wine 6 years aging
* **Anthemia** is a VDL aged for 5 years in oak prior to be released.
125
Is Ouzo protected by a PDO appellation?
Yes, **since 2006**
* *The final product must reach at least 37,5% ABV*
* *This is a pommade base flavoured with anis*
126
What was the first distillery to produce Ouzo in Greece?
**Tyrnavos**
It opens in **1856**
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What are the **PDOs of Crete**?
* Sitia PDO
* Malvasia Sitia PDO
* Peza PDO
* Daphnes PDO
* Archanes PDO
* Candia PDO
* Malvasia Candia PDO
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Where is the origin of wine and viticulture in Greece
* On the **Crete island**, with the **Minoan civilisation.**
* They spread their knowledges to Santorini, the the the Greece mainland.
* Viticulture largely developed with the Venetian rules from the XIII century
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When did phylloxera reach Crete?Wo started viticulture on Crete and thusly in Greece as a whole.
In 1970's (last place that got it in Greece)
the minnoan society
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* Psiloritis, Lefka Ori, Dikti are the 3 highest mountain peaks where?
* Crete
* The high mountainous chain blocks hot dry winds from Africa. This makes a very different climate feature between the north and the south of the island (cooler in the north on the other side on the mountains)*
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* **Hania, Rethymnos, Iraklio, Lasithi are the four districts where?**
Crete
_From West to East_:
* **Hania** *westernmost, coolest, and most rain*
* **Rethymnos**
* **Iraklio**: most concentrated are of vine production: *5 of the 7 PDOs are located here*
* **Lasithi**: Hottest and driest part of Crete. *Home of Sitia and Malvasia Sitia PDOs*
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# Location and style of wine of the following:
**Peza PDO**
**Crete** - Greece
* **Dry White:** 100% Vilana
* **Dry Red:** Kotsifali and Mandilaria
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# Location and style of wine of the following:
**Archanes PDO**
Crete - Greece
* **Produce only dry red**: Kotsifali and Mandilaria
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# Location and style of wine of the following:
**Daphnes PDO**
**Crete** - Greece
* **100% Liatiko**
* Dry
* VDN + high elevation + lower yields = Grand Cru
* Sweet: *Vin Doux Naturel, Vin de Liqueur, Naturally sweet, sun-dried grapes*
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What are the **newest PDOs** of Greece?
* Candia
* Malvasia Candia
## Footnote
**Upgrated in 2011**
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# Location and style of wine of the following:
**Candia PDO**
**Crete** - Greece
* **Dry Red**: 70% Kotsifali + Mandilaria
* **Dry White**: 85% Vilana + Assyrtiko, Athiri, Vidiano, Liatiko (*vinified as white)*, Thrapsathiri
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# Location and style of wine of the following:
**Malvasia Candia PDO**
**Crete** - Greece
* **Varieties**: Assyrtiko, Athiri, Vidiano, Thrapsathiri, Liatiko (*vinified as white*) + *max 15% Muscat blanc and Malvasia di Candia*
* **Fortified white:** Vin Doux Naturel
* **Naturally sweet**
138
# Location and style of wine of the following:
**Sitia PDO**
**Crete** - Greece
* **Dry white**: 70% Vilana + Thrapsathiri - *added to the PDO in 1998*
* **Dry Red**: 80% Liatiko + Mandilaria
* **Natural Sweet red, Vin Doux Naturel, Vin de Liqueur** : 100% Liatiko
139
When did **white wine** in **Sitia** where added to the PDO?
**1998**
140
# Location and style of wine of the following:
**Malvasia Sitia PDO**
Crete - Greece
* **Varieties**: Assyrtiko, Athiri, Vidiano, Thrapsathiri, Liatiko + 15% max Malvasia of Candia, and Muscat Blanc
* Fortified white: VDN
* Naturally sweet white: **80g/L residual sugar**
* Min **2 years** of ageing
141
What is the minimum residual sugar for naturally sweet wine under the **Malvasia Sitia PDO**?
80 g/L minimum
142
What does ‘Selected’ and ‘Reserve’ mean on a bottle of wine from Amynto, Naoussa, & Goumenissa?
* Επιλεγμένος ("Selected") or Réserve: These terms are only allowed for dry wines, and are interchangeable. The minimum time is 2 years with a minimum 12 months in barrel and 6 months in bottle.
* Ειδικά Επιλεγμένος ("Specially Selected") or Grande Réserve: Also interchangeable and authorized only for dry wines. The minimum time is 4 years with a minimum 18 months in barrel and 18 months in bottle. Not aged in barrels larger than 600L
143
What is the one PDO in macedonia allowed to make sparkling wine?
Amynteo
144
Min ABV for Santorini dry wines?
12%
145
What happened to the percentage mandated of assyrtiko for dry wines on the island of Santorini in 2021?
It was raised from 75% to 85%
146
Max RS for dry white wine for Santorini.
4 g/l but up to 9 g/l is tartaric is at least 7 g/l (can be higher just not lower than that)
147
Only Greek PDO to mandate the co-fermentation of red and white grapes for the production of dry red wine? What are they?
Paros PDO / (min 35%) Mandilaria and Monemvassia
148
Lagorthi is a semi-aromatic white grape produced where?
Peloponnese
149
Gastra, Trifolos, & Yiannakohori are unofficial subregions where?
Naoussa
150
How many PDO's for Muscat VDN in Greece?
6
Samos
Rhodes
Cephelonia
Patras
Rio-Patras
Limnos
151
Amorgiano is a synonym for what grape?
Mandilaria
152
Organize from driest to wettest:
Epirus/Cyclades/Thessalonia/Peloponnese
Cyclades/Thessalonia/Peloponnese/Epirus
153
Where are you the most likely to find Vidiano and Tsaoussi in greece?
Crete (Candia) / Cephelonia
154
what mountain rnages influence viticulture in Mantania ?
Parnon / Menalon ( Mainalo)
155
What are pezoules?
, Most of the wine-producing islands in the Aegean have dry, largely infertile soils, and vineyards are often found on steep terraces cut into the sides of mountains. These are the pezoules.
156
What mountain protects the vineyards of Samos from warm southerly winds?
Mount Ampelos
157
In what PGI would you find mount Attavyros and mount Ampelos?
Pgi Cyclades
158
What vine training system would expect in Paros?
Low trains bush vines - protection from wind
159
Where would you find Atsiki, Moudros and Nea Koutali?
Limnos
160
What beverage is produced on the island of Chios?
Ouzo and Mastica (also anise based)
161
what is the soil of crete
limestone
162
where is Giannakohori?
Naoussa - xinomavro
163
what is metaxa?
greek brandy
164
