Hungary and Eastern Europe Flashcards
(145 cards)
1
Q
Tokaj is at the confluence of what two rivers?
A
Tisza and Bodrog
2
Q
What was the region of Tokaj’s former name?
A
Tokaj-Hegyalja
3
Q
Who is responsible for delimiting 28 villages in 1700 in the region of Tokaj?
A
The Transylvanian Prince Rákóczy
4
Q
What kind of grapes are a fundamental component of the best Tokaj wines?
A
Aszú grapes
Grapes that have a high sugar level and afflicted with botrytis cinerea
5
Q
What two dessert wines did Tokaj predate?
A
The dessert wines of Germany and probably Sauternes as well
6
Q
What was Tokaj’s nickname? Think Barolo
A
The wine of kings and king of wines
7
Q
What are the name of the top 4 producers of Tokaj? Which is owned by Vega Sicilia?
A
Royal Tokaji Company
Tokaj Oremus (Vega Sicilia)
Disznókõ
Királyudvar
8
Q
What is the name of Vega Sicilia’s Tokaj estate?
A
Tokaj Oremus
9
Q
What is the difference between Tokaj and Tokaji?
A
Tokaj is the region and Tokaji is an adjectival form used to indicate the wine.
10
Q
What mountains provide the Tokaj region shelter?
A
Carpathian Mountains
11
Q
What is the climate of Tokaj? What’s the PGI?
A
Continental
Zemplén PGI (white wine/ice wine)
12
Q
What are the two main soil types of Tokaj? What direction do the best vineyards face?
A
Volcanic loess and clay
Best vineyards face south
13
Q
What is the name of the Tokaj classification? What is it divided into? What organization protects its integrity? name two first growths and two great first growths
A
Rákóczy’s classification
Divides villages intoGreat 1st Growths, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd growths
Tokaji Renaissance protects it
Nyulaszo / Disznoko / oremus = 1st
Mezas maly / szarvas = great first growths
14
Q
What 2 first growths of the Rákóczy classification are designated as Great First Growths? What are their respective communes?
A
Szarvas (Tokaj)
Mézes Mály (Tarcal)
15
Q
What are the two main grapes of Tokaj? What are the other four that are used in small quantities?
A
Furmint and Hárslevelu are the main two
Sárgamuskotály (Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains), Zéta (Oremus), Kabar, and Kövérszolo are the other 4
16
Q
What is the main grape of Tokaji Aszú? Why?
A
Furmint
Harslevelu, Sargamusk
It is particularly susceptible to botrytis and high in acidity
17
Q
What is the traditional harvest container for aszú grapes? How many kg can it hold?
A
puttony (25kg)
18
Q
What is Esszencia created from?
A
Created from the syrupy, free-run juice from aszú grapes
19
Q
What is the name of the traditional barrel for fermenting Tokaj? What kind oak is it and what is the volume?
A
gönc (Hungarian oak of 136L)
20
Q
What is the difference between gönci barrels and gönc barrels?
A
Gönci refers to barrels of must or base wine from non-aszú grapes.
Gönc refers to the traditional 136L barrel used for Tokaji-Aszú fermentations
21
Q
What determines the final sweetness of Tokaji Aszú wine?
A
The number of puttony added to a gönc
22
Q
What are puttony?
A
harvest vessels containing aszú grapes that have either been freshly harvested or ground into a pulp to be added to gönc barrels for Tokaji-Aszú fermentation.
23
Q
Prior to elimination in time for the 2013 harvest a bottle of Tokaji-Aszú would be labeled with what? How is modern Tokaji-Aszú labeled today?
A
A number between 3-6 puttonyos
Today it is labeled “Aszú”
24
Q
What are the aging requirements for Tokaji Aszú/Aszú? Min RS? Min abv?
Eszencia abv range?
A
minimum 3 years including 18 months in barrel
and must contain at least 120g/L rs
and achieve a min alcohol content of at least 9%
1.2-8.0% / 27.75% potential
25
For how long does an Esszencia fermentation last? What is the min rs?
up to a decade
min 450g/L RS
26
Esszencia can also be labeled as what?
Natúresszencia
27
What are the styles of Tokaji other than Aszú? How are they produced?
Szamorodni ("as it comes")
Produced from a blend of aszú and non-aszú grapes and often oxidative in style as it is aged in cask for a min 2 years. Produced in édes (sweet) and száras (dry) styles
Fordítas
Produced by refermenting wine with the pressed paste of a Tokaji Aszú fermentation
Máslás
Produced by refermenting wine with the spent lees of a Tokaji Aszú fermentation
28
What it the name of sweet and dry Szamorodni Tokaji wine respectively?
édés (sweet) and száras (dry)
29
What is the difference between Fordítas and Máslás Tokaji wine?
Fordítas is refermented with the pressed paste from a previous Tokaji Aszú fermentation
Máslás is refermented with the spent lees of a previous Tokaji Aszú fermentation
30
What are the 5 styles of Tokaji produced?
Esszencia/Natúresszencia
Aszú
Szamorodni
(produced édés - sweet
and száras - dry in style)
Fordítas
Máslás
31
Who owns the Royal Tokaji Company? Who is the talented winemaker behind the establishment of this winery? What other Tokaji estate does he produce for?
Hugh Johnson
István Szepsy who also produces for Királyudvar
32
What is the name of the small contingent of producers in Tokaj that is committed to elevating the stature of dry wines in the region? What is the most famous member?
Circle of Mád
István Szepsy
33
As of what year is the use of "Tokaj" or its derivatives Tokay and Tocai prohibited from being used on wine labels outside of Tokaj in Europe?
2007
34
What are the 3 major geographical zones of production in Hungary?
North Hungary (includes Tokaj and Eger)
Transdanubia
Great Plain
35
Eger is famous for what wine? What is its nickname? What grape historically dominated for the production of this grape? What are the grapes used today? Aging requirements?
Egri Bikavér (Bull's Blood of Eger)
Kadarka is the traditional grape
Kékfrankos (Blaufränkisch) and other Hungarian and international grapes are used today
Eger aging:
Bikavér: Wines must be aged in wooden barrels for at least 6 months/11.5%
Bikavér "Superior": Wines must be aged for 12 months in wooden barrels. 12%
Bikavér "Grand Superior": Wines must be aged for 12 months in wooden barrels. 12.5%
Szekszard aging:
Bikavér: Wines must be aged for a minimum 1 year in oak. 12.8%
36
What is the synonym for Blaufränkisch in Hungary?
Kékfrankos
37
What are the only two production areas in Hungary allowed to use the term "Bikavér" on wine labels? What are there respective wine growing regions?
Eger (Northern Hungary)
Szekszárd (Transdanubia)
38
Badacsony and Blatonfüred-Csopak are two wine producing areas within what Hungarian wine region? On what Lake are they located? Soil type?
Transdanubia
Both located on Lake Balaton
Volcanic (this and somlo are the top volcanic soil areas)
39
What is the synonym for Welschriesling in Hungary?
Olaszrizling
40
What is Hungary's warmest region? What country does it share a border with? What grapes thrive here? Do they have aging minimums?
Villány
Borders Croatia
Kékoportó (Blauer Portugieser) 51-66%
BDX varietals, Kékfrankos
Aging Requirements: Vörös Prémium and Super Premium wines must be aged for at least one year in wood. Super Premium must be aged at least two years in total.
41
What is the synonym for Blauer Portugieser in Hungary?
Kékoporto
42
What is the name of the Hungarian wine region that borders Austria? What part of Austria does it border? What is the star grape here?
Sopron
Borders Austria's Burgenland
Kékfrankos (Blaufränkisch) is the star grape here
43
What is the name of Hungary's largest region? What major region is it within?
Kunság in the Great Plain (Duna)
44
What was production geared toward in Bulgaria in the 1970s and 1980s?
cheap varietal wines
45
What is a top producer of Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon in Bulgaria?
Boyar Estates "Blueridge"
46
What are two top boutique wineries in Bulgaria?
Santa Sarah
Enira
47
What are the levels of quality in Bulgaria?
Declared Geographic Origin (DGO)
Controliran wines:
superior appellation within DGO
48
For Bulgarian Controliran wines, what two aspects of production are regulated?
Max yield and residual sugar
49
What are the five large regions of production in Bulgaria? Which two are recognized by the EU as geographic indications?
Danubian Plain (recognized by EU)
Thracian Lowlands (recognized by EU)
Black Sea Region
Strums River Valley
Rose Valley
50
Suhindol and Svichtov are the most noteworthy Controliran wines of where?
Danubian Plain in Bulgaria
51
What is the most notable Controliran wine of the Rose Valley in Bulgaria?
Sungurlare
52
Harsovo is the most notable Controliran wine of where?
Struma Valley in Bulgaria
53
What is the most notable Controliran wine of the Black Sea Region?
Khan Krum
54
What are the Bulgarian wine regions corresponding to each of the following?
Suhindol
Svichtov
Sungurlare
Harsovo
Khan Krum
Suhindol (Danubian Plain)
Svichtov (Danubian Plain)
Sungurlare (Rose Valley)
Harsovo (Struma Valley)
Khan Krum (Black Sea Region)
55
What does the term "barik" indicate on a label of Bulgarian wine? What quality level may it be present on?
Indicates that fermentation occurred in oak casks of 500L or less in volume
All quality wines are eligible for this
56
What are the two aging terms for Bulgarian DGO wines? What are their aging requirements?
Reserve (min 1 year of aging)
Special Selection (min 2 years of aging)
monovarietal wines
57
What are the top two international red grapes planted in Bulgaria? Top 5 indigenous red grapes? Which is planted exclusively in the Struma River Valley?
Cabernet and Merlot are the top two international
Gamza (Kadarka), Mavrud, Pamid, and Rubin are widely cultivated
Melnik is exclusively cultivated in the Struma River Valley
58
What is the main indigenous red grape in the Struma Valley of Bulgaria?
Melnik
59
What crossing led to the Rubin grape in Bulgaria?
Nebbiolo and Syrah
60
Where is Teran a sub-region and what grape is it known for?
What is sipon and sauvignonesse?
Kras-Primorska-Refosco
Furmit and Friulano in slovenia
61
What are the most planted white varietals in Bulgaria?
Rkatsiteli and Dimiat are the most planted white grapes
62
What is the aromatic specialty of Sungurlare?
Red Misket (Misket Chevren)
63
What are the top 3 international grapes planted in Romania?
Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Pinot Noir
64
What are the two most cultivated native white grapes in Romania?
Feteasca Alba and Feteasca Regala
65
What is Bulgaria's Pamid called in Romania?
Rosioara
66
What are the top white international grapes of Romania?
Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Muscat Ottonel, Pinot Gris and Riesling Italico (Welschriesling)
67
What are the top 3 indigenous red grapes grown in Romania?
Feteasca Neagra
Burgund Mare
Babeasca Neagra
68
What are the two levels of wine quality in Romania? What are the sub categories of each
"Wines for Consumption"/table wines
Vin de Masa (VM)
Vin de Masa Superior (VMS)
Quality Wines
Vin de Calitate Superioara (VS) =IGP
Denumire de Origine Controlata (DOC)=DOP
69
Are hybrids allowed in Quality Wines of Romania?
No
70
What are the 3 sub categories of Denumire de Origine Controlata (DOC) in Romania?
DOC-CMD (grapes harvested at full maturity)
DOC-CT (late-harvested grapes)
DOC-CIB (botrytis-affected grapes)
71
What do the following indicate on a bottle of Romanian wine?
DOC-CMD
DOC-CT
DOC-CIB
All are Quality Wine designations for Denumire de Origine Controlata (DOC) wines.
DOC-CMD (wine created from grapes harvested at full maturity)
DOC-CT (wine created from late-harvest grapes)
DOC-CIB (wine created from botrytis-affected grapes)
72
In Romania what mountain range is located in the center of the country? What river creates its southern border with Serbia? What direction and into what sea does it flow?
Carpathian Mountains
Danube River flows east into the Black Sea
73
What wine region of Romania has the country's highest vineyards?
Transylvania
74
What are the wine regions circling the Carpathian Mountains in Romania in a clockwise fashion from northeast? Which geographical plain is the last one an eastern extension of?
Moldavia - Hills of Moldova
Muntenia-Oltenia
Banat
Crisana-Maramures (eastern extension of the Pannonian Plain.
75
What two wine regions of Romania are located along the Black Sea?
Dobrogea
Danube Terraces
76
Where is the Tarnave DOC located within Romania? What style of wines does it specialize in?
In Transylvania
Specializes in high acid white wines from Feteasca grapes and Traminer Rosé
77
What DOC of Romania produces wines that are the country's most famous vinous product, having once enjoyed a reputation on par with Tokaji? Within what larger region is this? What is the star grape? What is it called in Hungry and where would you find it?
Cotnari DOC within Moldavia
Grasa de Cotnari
Kövérszőlő / Tokaj
78
Which two DOCs of Romania are gaining a reputation for Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot Noir? Within what larger region is this? Which of the two is known for producing traditional late harvest wines from Chardonnay?
Dealu Mare within Muntenia-Oltenia
Murfatlar within Dobrogea (late harvest Chardonnay made here)
79
What are the 3 main wine regions of Slovenia? Which borders Friuli in Italy?
Primorska (borders Friuli)
Podravje
Posavje
80
What are the 4 subregions of Primorska in Slovenia?
Goriska Brda
Vipavska Dolina
Kras
Slovenska Istra
81
What does Brda translate to referring to Goriska Brda?
Brda means hills
82
What do Goriska Brda and Kras become respectively across the Italian border?
Goriska Brda becomes Collio Goriziano
Kris becomes Carso
83
What are the top three producers in Slovenia?
Ales Kristancic (Movia)
Josko Gravner
Edi Simcic - makes Kolos (cab sauv/merlot/cab franc)
Marjan Simcic (makes Leonardo - straw wine ribolla)
84
What are Refosco, Ribolla Gialla, and Pinot Gris called in Slovenia?
Refosk, Rebula, and Sivi Pinot
85
What are the top two red international grapes of Primorska in Slovenia?
Cabernet and Merlot
86
What are the top two white indigenous grapes of Primorska? Climate of primorska and how it differs from Podravje/Posavje?
Pinela and Zelen
Primorska (especially Slovenska Istra) has a more mild, Mediterranean-influenced climate that is similar to that of Friuli, as compared to the rest of Slovenia, which is generally continental.
87
What is the name of Slovenia's largest wine region and what style of wine does it specialize in? What is Tai? What is Pinot Noir called here?
Podravje
Specializes in white wines (70% of production?)
Friulano
Modri Pinot
88
What are Welschriesling, Gewürztraminer, and Riesling called in Slovenia?
Laski Rizling
Diseci Traminer
Renski Rizling
89
What are the top two international white grapes planted in Podravje in Slovenia? What are the Slovenian names for "PGI & PDO?" What is table wine called in Slovenia?
Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc
PDO wines are referred to as Zaščitena Označa Porekla (ZOP) and constitute much of Slovenia’s production. PGIs, which are not as common, are labeled here as Zaščitena Geografska Označba (ZGO).
Table wine is simply namizmo vino.
90
What is Welschriesling called in Croatia?
Grasevina
91
What white grape accounts for over half of Croatia's vineyard acreage?
Grasevina (Welschriesling)
92
What are the two winemaking zones of Croatia?
Istria
Dalmatia
93
What are the top two indigenous red grapes of Croatia?
Plavac Mali
Crljenak Kastelanski
94
What is the name of Mike Grgich's estate in Croatia? What is the sub zone and region in Croatia that it is located in? Star grape?
Grgic Vina
Dingac sub zone of Dalmatiaon the peljesac peninsula
Plavac Mali
95
What region in Slovakia is contiguous with Tokaj in Hungary?
Tokajská
96
What are the two principle wine regions of the Czech Republic?
Morava and Bohemia (cechy)
97
What is Blaufränkisch called in the Czech Republic? and what is is the czech republic's most densely planted region?
Frankovka / morava
98
What is the Czech Republic equivalent of the Oechsle scale?
Czecho-Slovak Normalized Must Weight Scale (NM)
99
What are the only 3 white grapes that qualify for VOC Znojmo in Czech Republic?
What is the term used for the highest quality wine from the country?
Grüner Veltliner
Sauvignon Blanc
Riesling
Jokostni
100
What is the appellation system in the Czech Republic called?
Vína Originální Certifikace (VOC)
101
What major river runs through the middle of the Khaketi valley?
Alazani
102
Where would a wine with this symbol come from?
Villany DHC
103
What does DHC(VEB)/OEM/OFJ/Magyar Bor mean on a label?
- Districus Hungaricus Controllatus (voluntary sub classification within a PDO)
- Védett Erdetű bor is a synonym for DHC
PDO equivalent:
Oltalom alatt álló Eredetmegjelölés
PGI Equivalent:
Oltalom Alatt Földrajzi Jelzes
Table wine equivalent:
Magyar Bor/Bor
104
What styles of wine are:
Késői szüretelésű bor -
Fehér bor
Pezsgő
Are any of them allowed to be produced under the Tokaji PDO/OEM?
Késői szüretelésű bor - late harvest wines
Fehér bor - white table wines
Pezsgő - sparkling wines
Yes, all of them
105
What year was the DHC approved? What other abreviation can be used in it's place?
The Védett Eredetű—or Districtus Hungaricus Controllatus (DHC)—is a voluntary sub-category within the PDO. It was created in 2003 for wine producing areas, which are the size of a region or smaller, to designate the strictest quality-controlled areas in the country.
VEB
106
Can you name 3 DHC's of hungary?
1. Eger DHC – Encompasses the whole region. Also includes Egri Bikavér DHC (Bull´s Blood) and Egri Bikavér Superior DHC wine styles.
2. Villány DHC — Encompasses the whole region.
3. Somló DHC — A sub-region of the Nagy Somló PDO. Includes the Somló Nászéjszakák bora DHC and Somlói Arany DHC wines.
4. Tokaji DHC —Includes máslás, fordítás, szamorodni, aszú, and eszencia wine styles.
5. Izsáki Arany Sárfehér DHC — A sub-region of the Kunság PDO.
6. Debrői Hárslevelű DHC — A sub-region of the Eger PDO.
7. Káli Medence DHC — This is an area on the northern shore of Lake Balaton.
107
What is Dűlős bor mean on a Hungarian label?
Single Vineyard
108
what does Jégbor mean on a bottle of Hungarian wine?
Icewine
109
How long must "Bikaver' wines be aged from Szeksard? Eger?
1 year in oak / Szeksard
Eger:
Bikavér: Wines must be aged in wooden barrels for at least 6 months
Bikavér "Superior" and 'Grand Superior": Wines must be aged for 12 months in wooden barrels
110
What is Csillag
a white blend a la Bikaver from Szeksard and Eger
111
the Zapadni Rodopi mountains influence what regions of Bulgaria?
Struma River Valley / Thracain Lowlands
112
What mountain range influences the valley of roses?
Stara Plania (Bulkin range)
113
Three names for Blaufrankisch
Kekfrankos
Lemberger
Kadarka modra
114
The Iván Valley is a cru where?
Szekszard
115
Where is the ararat valley/ararat valley foothills?
Armenia
116
What country has the most vines planted per capita?
Moldova
117
Where would you find the regions of Stefan Vodra and Valul Lui Traian?
Moldova
118
Who makes "Negru de Purcari" and what is it made from?
Purcari Winery
Cab Sauv, Saperavi, Rara Neagra (Babeasca Negra)
119
What's the most planted region in Russia? Why?
Kuban & Krym
Proximity to the black sea creates a Mediterranean climate on the coast, similar latitude to bdx
120
2 most planted grapes in Georgia?What is the main soil of Kakheti?
Separavi (teinturier)
Rkatsitelli
followed by:
cabernet sauv
Kakhuri Mtsvani
Cinnamonic -sandy, reddish-colored, calcareous clays
121
What is "Chacha" in georgian wine
the whole cluster that goes into the qvevri for fermentation. or pommace brandy
122
Native Armenian red grape with the most acclaim?
Areni Noir
123
What is Kratosija?
Zin in Montonegro/North Macadonia
124
Where is the Vardar Valley? Main sub-region?
North Macedonia
Tikves valley
125
Tsinandali, Kvareli & Gurjaani are all sub-regions where?
kakheti
126
Mountain range that influences kakheti? What soils dominate here because of the mountains and the overall arid climate?
Caucus/ cinnamonic (sandy/red calcareous clay)
127
Two main native red grapes in N. macedonia?
Kratosija / Vranac
128
What is the color/dryness/stillness for Kindzmarauli wine? Akhasheni? Kardenakhi? Kvanchakara?
Kindzmarauli: Semi-Sweet, red, seperavi, aged 2 years
Akhasheni: Semi-sweet, red, seperavi
Kardenakhi: Sweet, fortified, white, Rkats and Mtvane
Kvanchakara: semi-sweet red of Alexandrouli & Mujuretuli
129
Where is Chateau Bella? Who owns it?
Slovakia - Sturovo
Egon Muller
130
How many lbs of aszu mixed with 100L of base wine makes 1 puttonyo?
`44lbs
131
What year were puttonyos aboloshied? What else was aboloshed?
2013 they were removed from label. Aszúeszencia
132
For Slovenian wine what does the term Vrhunsko mean?
Premium wine
133
Oechsle rating for the following and what do they mean? May enrichment or sweetening be allowed?
Vrhunsko vino ZGP
Pozna trgatev
Izbor
Jagodni izbor
Suhi jagodni izbor
Ledeno vino
What do the following mean?
Slamno vino
Vrhunsko peneče vino ZGP
Enrichment, sweetening, acidification and de-acidification are not permitted.
Vrhunsko vino ZGP: 84° Oechsle
Pozna trgatev: Produced with overripe and/or botrytis-infected grapes. (Min. 91° Oechsle)
Izbor: Produced with overripe and botrytis-infected grapes. (Min. 102° Oechsle)
Jagodni izbor: Produced with overripe and botrytis-infected grapes. (Min. 127° Oechsle)
Suhi jagodni izbor: Produced with overripe and botrytis-infected grapes. (Min. 154° Oechsle)
Ledeno vino: Produced from naturally frozen grapes. (Min. 127° Oechsle)
Slamno vino: Produced from grapes dried naturally on reed or straw.
Vrhunsko peneče vino ZGP Premium sparkling wine from a protected designation of origin
134
Where is Anatlola?
Turkey
135
Name a wine region in Lebanon aside fro Bekka. Name two in Israeal?-
River influencing viti in Lebanon?
What is the elevation of the vineyards of Bekka ? Name 3 grapes planted here.
Batroun
Judean Hills / Golan Heights / Upper Galilee
Bekaa Valley (Litani river)/ 1000m / obeideh / Merwah / Cinsault / carignan / grenache
136
Aurelia Visinesu, Recas, & Terra Romana are top producers where?
Romania
137
The regions of Timok, Srem, and Sumadija-Great Morova are where?
Serbia
138
What is a qvevri called in Armenia?
karas
139
What wine region are the following producers located in:
Istvan Szepsy
Aleš Kristančič
Mike Grgich (not usa)
Serge Hochar
Istvan Szepsy: Tokaj
Aleš Kristančič: Gorsika Brda
Mike Grgich: Dignac PDO
Serge Hochar: Bekaa Valley
140
What is Szurkeharat?
Pinot Gris in Hungary
141
Znojmo, Mikulav, and Blatnice are fmaous regions where?
Czech Republic - VOC system
142
What is Magarach?
Crossing of Cab Sauv and Saperavi used in Ukraine
143
Vinkara & Kavaklidere are top producers where?
Turkey
144
The red grapes of Kalesik Karasi & Okuzgozu are native where?
Turkey
145
what two rivers influence kunsag
duna (danube) / Tisza
