Group Counseling and Group Work Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
What is the definition of group counseling?
A
A situation in which a counselor works with several people who are all concerned with the same or a related problem or behavior.
Group counseling has historical roots dating back to psychodrama in the early 1600s.
2
Q
What are the goals of group counseling?
A
To learn new behaviors in a social setting, experience peer confrontation, and develop new skills in a non-threatening environment.
Goals also include clarifying personal goals and values.
3
Q
List the advantages of group counseling.
A
- Social setting and dynamics
- Opportunity for different roles
- Clarification of goals and values
- Dissipation of counselor bias
- Increased client load for counselors
- Reduced per-client cost
4
Q
Define the risky shift phenomenon.
A
A person is likely to make a riskier decision as part of a group than alone.
5
Q
What is a self-help group?
A
A group of people who share a common problem where the leader may not be a professional counselor.
6
Q
What is sociometry?
A
A method developed by Jacob Moreno for measuring social relationships in groups.
7
Q
Define Karpman’s drama triangle.
A
A psychological and social model showing the roles of victim, persecutor, and rescuer in transactional analysis.
8
Q
What are horizontal interventions?
A
The counselor works with the group as a whole.
9
Q
What are vertical interventions?
A
The counselor works with individuals within the group.
10
Q
What is the group work grid?
A
A model developed by R. K. Coyne showing four levels of intervention: individual, interpersonal, organization, and community population.
11
Q
Define universality in group counseling.
A
The understanding that one is not alone in experiencing a particular problem or situation.
12
Q
What is intellectualization?
A
Using reasoning to protect oneself from emotional stress or conflict.
13
Q
What does scapegoating mean?
A
Blaming someone who may not be responsible for the action or event.
14
Q
Define resistance in a group context.
A
Behavior in a group that interferes with the work of the group.
15
Q
What are norms in a group?
A
A group’s standards of acceptable behaviors.
16
Q
Who is a gatekeeper in group counseling?
A
A person in a group who wants to be in charge and manages the group.
17
Q
What is the isolate role in a group?
A
The person who receives little or no attention and may be afraid to participate.
18
Q
Explain the Johari Window.
A
A model for describing human interaction divided into four quadrants: open, blind, hidden, and unknown.
19
Q
What contributes to group dynamics?
A
Participant interactions, group goals, discussion content, session processes, and trust development.
20
Q
Define group cohesion.
A
The development of a sense of belonging and inclusion among group members.
21
Q
List the leadership functions defined by Yalom.
A
- Creating a caring environment
- Managing group activities
- Interpreting group processes
- Encouraging emotional expression
22
Q
What are the eleven curative factors of group counseling identified by Irvin Yalom?
A
- Instillation of hope
- Universality
- Imparting of information
- Altruism
- Corrective emotional experience
- Development of socializing techniques
- Imitative behavior
- Interpersonal behavior
- Group cohesiveness
- Catharsis
- Existential factors
23
Q
Discuss Jacob Moreno’s theories on group counseling.
A
Believed psychodrama could help individuals reach insight and catharsis through role-playing.
24
Q
What does Michael Waldo suggest about group member problems?
A
The type of leadership and group functions should be determined by the members’ problems.
25
How is Gestalt theory applied to group work?
Helps members become aware of their thoughts and emotions to facilitate maturity.
26
List the types of groups designed by Gerald Caplan.
* Primary (guidance)
* Secondary (counseling)
* Tertiary (therapy)
27
What is the goal of a person-centered group?
To help members better understand themselves and move toward self-actualization.
28
How does psychoanalytic theory apply to group work?
Focuses on understanding past relationships and emotions affecting current behavior.
29
What is the aim of reality theory in group work?
To help members improve their life situation by taking responsibility for their behavior.
30
How is transactional analysis theory applied in group work?
Aims to change life patterns through increased self-awareness and understanding of past scripts.
31
What is the screening process for group counseling members?
Involves an interview assessing goals, appropriateness, and member characteristics.
32
How is Adlerian theory applied in group work?
Guides members to examine early history and family roles to improve self-esteem.
33
What roles do group members assume?
* Work-related roles: information seeker, opinion-giver, energizer
* Social roles: encourager, compromiser, follower
* Hindering roles: aggressor, blocker, dominator
34
How are groups defined in part?
By their goals.
35
What are the work-related roles in group dynamics?
* Information seeker
* Opinion-seeker
* Opinion giver
* Energizer
* Initiator
* Elaborator
## Footnote
These roles contribute to the functioning and effectiveness of a group.
36
What are the social roles in group dynamics?
* Encourager
* Compromiser
* Standard setter
* Follower
## Footnote
Social roles help maintain group cohesion and support interpersonal relationships.
37
What are the hindering roles in group dynamics?
* Aggressor
* Blocker
* Recognition seeker
* Dominator
* Special interest pleader
## Footnote
These roles can disrupt group processes and hinder progress.
38
What is the primary goal of guidance groups?
To provide educational support and prevent negative behaviors such as teen pregnancy or drinking.
## Footnote
Guidance groups may be led by individuals without formal psychological training.
39
What distinguishes counseling groups from guidance groups?
Counseling groups are led by trained counselors and focus on preventing problems while fostering growth and development.
## Footnote
They address participant needs more directly than guidance groups.
40
What is the purpose of psychotherapy groups?
To address severe psychological problems through remediation and treatment led by professionals with advanced training.
## Footnote
These groups are typically more intensive than counseling groups.
41
What characterizes self-help groups?
They are usually led by non-professionals and assist participants in managing stress-inducing issues.
## Footnote
Examples include groups focused on weight control.
42
What is the focus of structured groups?
To address a specific problem, such as anger management or substance abuse.
## Footnote
Structured groups aim for targeted interventions.
43
List the stages of group development.
* Formation/Trust/Orientation
* Work/Productivity/Transition
* Closure/Consolidation/Termination
## Footnote
Each stage plays a crucial role in the group's progression and effectiveness.
44
What happens during the Formation stage of group development?
Members assess their fit within the group and their comfort with the leader and other members.
## Footnote
This stage is critical for establishing trust and participation.
45
What occurs in the Work/Productivity stage of group development?
Members show empathy, give feedback, encourage each other, and begin to achieve goals.
## Footnote
Positive changes often take place during this stage.
46
What is discussed during the Closure stage of group development?
The group reviews accomplishments and addresses unmet goals, encouraging the use of skills gained.
## Footnote
This stage is essential for reinforcing learning and closure.
47
What are the responsibilities of a group leader in establishing rules?
* Define structure and purpose
* Outline expectations and rules
* Facilitate input from group members
* Determine termination criteria
## Footnote
Clear guidelines help maintain focus and respect within the group.
48
What techniques are used in behavioral counseling groups?
* Contracts
* Reinforcement
* Modeling
* Analysis of learning processes
## Footnote
These methods aim to modify problem behaviors and improve coping skills.
49
What are the role transitions in group membership?
* Entry into the group
* Acceptance by other members
* Divergence from other members
* Exit from the group
## Footnote
Understanding these transitions is crucial for managing group dynamics.
50
What are some common feelings clients may experience during the termination process?
* Sense of loss
* Anger
* Unresolved issues
## Footnote
Acknowledging these feelings is essential for a healthy termination process.
51
What is the goal of rational emotive behavior counseling groups?
To promote changes in thought and behavior patterns for greater self-acceptance and elimination of self-defeating behaviors.
## Footnote
This approach is particularly appealing to cultures valuing strong leadership.
52
What should counselors consider when aligning interventions with client populations?
Cultural competence and awareness of the specific needs of each population.
## Footnote
Tailoring interventions enhances effectiveness and client engagement.
53
What are the positive aspects of working with a co-leader in group counseling?
* Wider range of experiences
* Safer environment
* Reduced burnout
* Continuity of leadership
## Footnote
Co-leadership can enhance group dynamics and support newer leaders.
54
What are the three main styles of leadership in groups?
* Autocratic
* Democratic
* Laissez faire
## Footnote
Each style has its advantages and disadvantages depending on the group context.
55
What is the focus of individual psychotherapy?
The problems of a specific individual, often requiring long-term treatment without family involvement.
## Footnote
This approach may limit the counselor's understanding of external influences.
56
What is the purpose of family counseling?
To identify and resolve family problems by improving communication and changing behaviors.
## Footnote
This approach may involve multiple family members and focus on their interactions.
57
Define 'object' in psychoanalytic family therapy.
The person, thing, or concept to which a person relates, including transition objects for comfort.
## Footnote
Understanding objects can help in analyzing relational dynamics.
58
What is 'splitting' in family therapy?
The separation of contradictory thoughts to handle them separately.
## Footnote
This mechanism can affect family dynamics and individual mental health.
59
Define 'projective system' in the context of family therapy.
Unrealistic expectations of an adult relationship based on childhood events or relationships.
## Footnote
Recognizing this can help in addressing relational issues in therapy.
60
What is mimesis in family therapy?
The copying of a family's style by a counselor.
## Footnote
This technique can help build rapport and understanding within the family context.
61
What does 'perverse triangle' refer to in family therapy?
A situation where two family members team up against another member.
## Footnote
This dynamic can undermine authority and affect family structure.
62
What is integrative psychotherapy?
The integration of multiple therapy approaches, used by a significant percentage of therapists.
## Footnote
This approach can enhance treatment flexibility and effectiveness.
63
Explain experiential family therapy.
Focuses on current experiences and emotions rather than cognitive knowledge as causes for change.
## Footnote
The therapist's relationship with clients is a key component.
64
What is the psychodynamic theory of family counseling?
An interactive style that considers the psychological heritage of each family member.
## Footnote
It emphasizes the basic dynamics within a family.
65
What are the five styles of communication?
Placater, blamer, super-reasonable, irrelevant, congruent communicator.
## Footnote
Congruent communicator is the healthiest style of communication.
66
What is the homeodynamic principle in family therapy?
Each family has a basic dynamic that returns after interruptions, even if dysfunctional.
## Footnote
Coined by Nathan Ackerman.
67
What role does Nathan Ackerman serve in family counseling?
Catalyst to bring out defenses and neutralize imbalances.
68
What is structural family therapy?
Focuses on transactional patterns among family members and subsystems.
## Footnote
Salvador Minuchin is a leader in this therapy.
69
What are the key components of a structural family map?
Boundaries, alliances, transaction patterns.
## Footnote
Used to diagnose possible dysfunction.
70
What is the main focus of strategic family therapy?
Changing behavior rather than insight.
71
What are the three main models of strategic family therapy?
* MRI (Mental Research Institute)
* Haley and Madanes
* Milan
72
What does Milan systemic family therapy emphasize?
Family as a system of connections and the use of circular questioning.
73
What is behavioral marital therapy?
Effort to teach couples better communication skills and conflict handling.
74
What is the goal of functional family therapy?
All behavior is adaptive and serves a function; focuses on intervention and prevention.
75
What does psychoeducation involve?
Teaching clients about their illness to manage symptoms and behavior.
76
What is the purpose of narrative family therapy?
Deconstructing families' narratives to reveal assumptions and empower them.
77
List the core skills needed by group counselors according to the Association for Specialists in Group Work.
* Manage group sessions
* Connect common issues
* Encourage participation
* Provide empathy
* Observe group process events
* Adhere to ethical standards
78
What are gender-sensitive issues in family therapy?
Feminist issues affecting both genders, influenced by cultural and social contexts.
79
What resources are available for stress management?
* NAMI: nami.org
* HelpGuide: helpguide.org
* Who Moved My Cheese? (book)
80
What is the focus of here-and-now interactions in therapy?
Discussing feelings and emotions as they emerge in the counselor-client relationship.
81
What is constructive confrontation?
Conflict resolution method aiming to prevent destructive conflict and meet needs fairly.
82
Define group theme.
A recurring topic of discussion or expressed ideas/feelings in a group.
83
What is the difference between linking and blocking in a group context?
Linking shows connections between statements; blocking interrupts inappropriate behavior.
84
What are the potential effects of group members interacting outside of therapy?
Interactions can be positive or lead to anxiety and conflicts resurfacing.
85
What roles can group members assume that may harm group dynamics?
Aggressors, bullies, or those who dominate discussions.
86
What are some positive roles group members may assume?
* Energizer
* Harmonizer
* Standard setter
* Initiator-contributor
## Footnote
These roles contribute positively to group dynamics and help facilitate effective group functioning.
87
What are some harmful behaviors exhibited by group members?
* Aggressors
* Blockers
* Dominators
* Recognition seekers
* Help seekers
## Footnote
These behaviors can negatively affect group dynamics and should be addressed by the group leader.
88
What should a group leader establish at the initial visit?
Rules of conduct
## Footnote
Setting clear expectations helps maintain a respectful and productive environment.
89
How should harmful group member behavior be addressed?
Immediately and without shaming the individual
## Footnote
It's important to challenge negative behaviors to prevent them from becoming patterns.
90
What is the first issue to consider when forming a counseling group?
Membership type: homogeneous or heterogeneous
## Footnote
Homogeneous groups consist of members with similar problems, while heterogeneous groups include members with diverse issues.
91
What is the optimum size for an adult counseling group?
Eight members
## Footnote
Smaller groups are recommended for children, with only three to four members.
92
What is the recommended duration for adult group meetings?
Ninety minutes to two hours
## Footnote
Younger children's meetings should last no more than twenty to thirty minutes.
93
What differentiates structured group sessions from unstructured ones?
Structured groups have planned activities and defined leadership, while unstructured groups have fewer rules and a laissez-faire approach.
## Footnote
Structure is essential at the start for organization, but later sessions may vary in approach.
94
What must counselors consider regarding multicultural issues in group counseling?
Educate themselves about the cultures of group members
## Footnote
Understanding cultural differences is crucial for group cohesion and respect.
95
What are some factors to pay attention to in multicultural counseling?
* Manners (greetings, eye contact)
* Sharing personal information
* Displaying emotion
## Footnote
Different cultures value these factors differently, impacting group dynamics.
96
What ethical considerations apply to group counseling?
* Informed consent
* Rights of participants
* Confidentiality limits
## Footnote
Members should understand what to expect and their rights before participating in group sessions.
97
What should be explained to group members regarding confidentiality?
Limits of confidentiality regarding personal information shared in the group
## Footnote
It's crucial for maintaining trust and safety within the group.
