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Human Form and Funciton > Group Presentations (exam 3) > Flashcards

Group Presentations (exam 3) Flashcards

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1
Q

What triangle of the neck does the superior thyroid artery arise from?

A

Carotid triangle

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2
Q

Name the 5 major branches of the superior thyroid artery

A 
Infrahyoid branch
SCM branch
Anterior glandular branch
Superior thyroid artery
Superior laryngeal artery
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3
Q

The infrahyoid branch of the superior thyroid artery runs deep to what muscle?

A

Thyrohyoid

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4
Q

Which branch of the superior thyroid artery anastomoses with its contralateral side?

A

Infrahyoid branch

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5
Q

Which branch of the superior thyroid artery frequently arises as a separate branch straight off of the external carotid?

A

SCM branch

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6
Q

The superior laryngeal branch of the superior thyroid artery runs deep to what muscle?

A

Thyrohyoid muscle

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7
Q

The superior laryngeal branch of the superior thyroid artery enters the larynx through the _____ with the _____

A

Thyrohyoid ligament

Internal laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (vagus)

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8
Q

What does the superior laryngeal branch of the superior thyroid artery supply?

A

Mucus membrane and glands of the larynx

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9
Q

What artery supplies the cricothyroid muscle?

A

The cricothyroid branch of the superior thyroid artery

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10
Q

The cricothyroid branch of the superior thyroid artery varies in its course. It can either run superficial or deep to the _____. If superficial, it will be accompanied by branches of _____. If deep, it may be accompanied with the _____ nerve.

A

Sternothyroid

Ansa cervicalis

External laryngeal

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11
Q

During a cricothyroidotomy, what artery and what vein are likely to be damaged?

A

Cricothyroid artery branch of the superior thyroid artery

Anterior jugular vein

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12
Q

What branch of the superior thyroid artery supplies the thyroid gland?

A

Anterior glandular branch and lateral glandular branch

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13
Q

What branch of the superior thyroid artery anastomoses with the inferior thyroid artery from the thyrocervical trunk?

A

Anterior glandular branch

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14
Q

The vagus nerve exits the skull via what foramen?

A

Jugular foramen

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15
Q

Where does the vagus nerve have special sensation?

A

Pressure receptors - aortic arch

Chemoreceptors - aortic body

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16
Q

What nerve gives sensation to the laryngopharynx?

A

Vagus

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17
Q

The portion of the vagus nerve involved in the gag reflex arises from what nucleus in the medulla?

A

Nucleus ambiguous

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18
Q

Name the 5 branches of the vagus nerve located in the head/neck

A 
Superior laryngeal 
Carotid
Recurrent laryngeal
Auricular 
Pharyngeal
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19
Q

Where does the auricular branch of the vagus nerve branch?

A

First branch, inside the skull

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20
Q

The auricular branch of the vagus nerve gives sensation to….

A

Auricle
External acoustic canal
Part of the lateral side of tympanic membrane

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21
Q

What branch of the vagus nerve is the principle motor nerve for the pharyngeal muscles? What pharyngeal muscle does it not innervate?

A

Pharyngeal branch

Does not innervate stylopharyngeous (innervated by glossopharyngeal)

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22
Q

What nerves make up the pharyngeal plexus?

A

Pharyngeal branch of vagus
External laryngeal branch of vagus
Glossopharyngeal
Sympathetics

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23
Q

A lot of the branches of the vagus nerve cross what artery?

A

Internal carotid

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24
Q

The carotid body is innervated by…

A

Glossopharyngeal

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25
Describe the confusion with the carotid branch of vagus
The carotid body of the internal carotid artery reports to a glossopharyngeal nucleus but sometimes it runs with a vagus branch
26
True or false... the superior laryngeal branch combines with a sympathetic branch from the superior cervical ganglion to form the internal and external laryngeal nerves. The external laryngeal nerve gives motor to the cricothyroid by sympathetics
False. Although most of this statement is correct, the external laryngeal is actually made up of parasympathtiecs
27
The right recurrent laryngeal wraps around the ____ whereas the left recurrent laryngeal wraps around the ____
Right subclavian artery Aortic arch
28
The recurrent laryngeal nerve ascends between what two things?
Trachea and esophagus
29
A unilateral lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve may cause what?
Hoarseness
30
What cranial nerve has the least amount if axons?
Trochlear
31
What cranial nerve has the longest intracranial length?
Trochlear
32
What is the only cranial nerve that arises from the brainstem dorsally?
Trochlear
33
Describe the pathway of the trochlear nerve. Four steps
Originates in the Trochlear nucleus Emerges dorsally just below the inferior colliculus Decussates around fourth ventricle Circles anteriorly around brainstem
34
The abducens cranial nerve exits the brainstem at the junction between...
Pons and medulla
35
The glossopharyngeal nerve exits the skull via...
Jugular foramen
36
If the glossopharyngeal nerve goes to the superior ganglion it is _____. If it goes to the inferior ganglion it is ____
Somatosensory Viscerosensory
37
Name the seven branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve
``` (TTLLCMP) Tympanic Lesser petrosal Carotid Pharyngeal Muscular Tonsillar Lingual ```
38
The lesser petrosal nerve goes to what ganglion? It gets there by hitchhiking with what nerve?
Otic ganglion Auriculotemporal of V3
39
What branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve gives general viscerosensory of the carotid sinus and body? What kinds of receptors are located in each of these?
Carotid branch Carotid sinus - baroreceptors Carotid body - chemoreceptors
40
What branch of glossopharyngeal gives general somatosensation to the oropharynx?
Pharyngeal. This will form a plexus with motor fibers from vagus
41
What branch of glossopharyngeal innervates the stylopharyngeous? What type of fibers are these?
Muscular branch Branchiomotor fibers
42
What branch of glossopharyngeal gives somatosenation to the palate and some mucosa of oropharynx?
Tonsillar branch
43
What branch of glossopharyngeal gives general somatosensation and special viscerosensory (taste) of the posterior one third of the tongue?
Lingual branch
44
What is glossopharyngeal neuralgia?
Blood vessel found compressing the nerve Causes pain on one side of throat and fainting after swallowing
45
In abducens nerve palsy, the patient experiences double vision because the ____ muscle works without opposition. They can correct this by...
Medial lateral rectus Turning their head sideways
46
True or false... the ascending pharyngeal artery has no cutaneous supply
True
47
Name the three main branches of the pharyngeal artery and what they supply.
Inferior tympanic - supplies inner ear Pharyngeal branches - supplie inferior pharyngeal constrictor. Neuromeningeal artery - has three branches
48
How does the neuromeningeal artery (from the ascending pharyngeal) enter the skull?
Foramen magnum
49
Name the three branches of the neuromeningeal artery (of the ascending pharyngeal artery), where they go, and what they supply
``` Hypoglossal branch (exits hypoglossal canal and feeds hypoglossal nerve) Jugular branch (exits jugular foramen and feeds 9,10,11) Posterior meningeal branch (may branch off of vertebral artery instead... feeds majority of posterior dura) ```
50
Name the 8 branches of the occipital artery and what they supply
Muscular branch - post. Digastric and stylohyoid Meningeal branch - dura mater in post. Cranial fossa Mastoid branch - mastoid air cells and dura Auricular branch - medial side of auricle Descending branch - posterior neck muscles SCM - SCM Stylomastoid branch - tympanic cavity Occipital branch - posterior head
51
Name the four branches of the occipital artery that anastomoses with the posterior auricular artery
Muscular Auricular Occipital Stylomastoid
52
The deep descending branch of the occipital artery anastomoses with...
Segmental branches of vertebral artery
53
Superficial descending branch of the occipital artery anastomoses with...
Transverse cervical branch of thyrocervical trunk
54
True or false... occipital aneurysms are very common
False.. they are actually rare
55
What is occipital neuralgia?
Headache associated with compression of the occipital nerve by the occipital artery
56
The oculomotor nerve arises from what nuclei? It originates at what structure of the midbrain?
Oculomotor nucleus and edinger westphal Superior colliculus
57
What are the two branches of the oculomotor nerve? Which is smaller?
Superior and inferior branch Superior branch is smaller
58
The superior branch of the oculomotor nerve supplies what two muscles?
Superior rectus | Lavatory palpabrae superioris
59
The inferior branch of the oculomotor nerve has three divisions. Describe their pathway and what they innervate
First - passes under optic nerve, supplies medial rectus Second - straight into inferior rectus Third - runs between inferior rectus and lateralis, supplies inferior oblique
60
The opthalmic vein runs through what structure?
Superior orbital fissure (as well as inferior orbital fissure?)
61
How does the oculomotor nerve enter the orbit? What other structures are located in this structure?
Superior orbital fissure Opthalmic vein V1 Trochlear and abducens
62
What nerves run within the cavernous sinus?
3, 4, 5, 6
63
What artery is most likely to be the cause of a third nerve palsy?
Posterior communicating artery
64
Name the four branches of the superficial temporal artery and what they supply
Transverse facial branch - parotid gland, facial muscles, masseter, temporalis Zygomatic branch - skin and muscles near orbit Frontal branch - skin and muscles over frontal bone Parietal branch - skin and superior auricular muscle
65
The frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery anastomoses with the ....
Supraorbital and frontal branches of the opthalmic artery
66
Which branch of the superficial temporal artery anastomoses with its contralateral side?
Parietal branches anastomose with opposing parietal branches
67
The parietal branch of the superficial artery anastomoses with what three arteries?
Contralateral parietal branch of superficial temporal Posterior auricular Occipital artery
68
Name the three branches of V1
Nasociliary Lacrimal Frontal
69
What nerve provides sensation to the conjunctiva of the eye?
Lacrimal nerve of V1
70
What nerves provides sensation to the lateral portion of the upper eyelid?
Lacrimal of V1
71
Name the two branches of the frontal nerve of V1, which one runs more medially?
Supratrochlear Supraorbital Supratrochlear runs more medially
72
What nerve of V2 branches before the pterygopalatine fossa?
Middle meningeal nerve
73
Name the branches of V2 in the pterygopalatine fossa
``` Zygomatic Nasopalatine posterior superior alveolar Greater/lesser palatine Pharyngeal ```
74
Name the nerve of V2 that goes through the superior orbital fissure into the infraorbital canal. What nerves branch before the infraorbital foramen?
Infraorbital nerve Middle superior alveolar Anterior superior alveolar
75
Once the infraorbital nerve of V2 exits the infraorbital foramen, it splits into what three nerves?
Inferior palpebral Nasal Superior labial
76
What nerve wraps around the middle meningeal artery?
Auriculotemporal of V3
77
What branch of V3 ascends into the foramen spinosum?
Meningeal branch (runs with middle meningeal artery)
78
Name the four nerves of the anterior branch of V3
Long buccal (sensory) Masseteric branch Pterygoid branch Deep temporal branch
79
Name the five nerves of the posterior branch of V3
``` Auriculotemporal Lingual nerve (chorda tympani hitchhiker) Inferior alveolar Mental nerve Nerve to mylohyoid (motor) ```
80
Other than providing taste to the anterior two thirds of the tongue what else does chorda tympani do?
Innervates the submandibular, sublingual, and submental glands
81
What is the most common cause for inferior alveolar nerve damage?
Third molar extractions (75% of cases)
82
The chorda tympani exits the skull via what structure?
Petrotympanic fissure
83
What nerve innervates the stapedius muscle?
Facial
84
Name the three intracranial branches (within the internal acoustic meatus) of the facial nerve
Greater petrosal Nerve to stapedius Chorda tympani
85
The facial nerve exits the skull via what foramen? What are the seven extracranial branches of facial nerve?
Stylomastoid foramen ``` Posterior auricular Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Marginal mandibular Cervical ```
86
Which extracranial branch of facial nerve does not run within the parotid gland? What does it innervate?
Posterior auricular - muscles near ear, posterior digastric, stylohyoid
87
What nerves innervates the orbicularis oculi?
Zygomatic, temporal, and buccal branches of facial
88
What nerve innervates the mentalis muscle?
Marginal mandibular
89
The posterior auricular artery anastomoses with what artery?
Occipital
90
Which extrinsic tongue muscle depresses and retracts the tongue?
Hyoglossus
91
Out of all of the cranial nerves, which is most likely to be capable of some regeneration?
Olfactory
92
Exposure to what chemical can be damaging to the olfactory receptor neurons?
Methyl methacrylate
93
True or false... in the optic chiasm, the medial fibers remain ipsilateral while the lateral fibers decussate?
False, its the opposite
94
90% of the optic nerve axons run to what nucleus in the thalamus?
Lateral geniculate nucleus
95
The other 10% of axons from the optic nerve run to the ____
Superior colliculus, synapsing with pretectal nuclei and the edinger westphal nucleus
96
When the optic chiasm is damaged, what nerve fibers are predominantly affected?
The axons that decussate
97
What is a likely cause of a bitemporal hemnianopia? What are its symptoms?
Anything that puts pressure on the optic chiasm (swelling of ACA, internal carotid aneurism) Lateral vision affected, tunnel vision
98
The lingual artery runs deep to what muscle?
Hyoglossus
99
In 20% of individuals the lingual artery may actually originate from...
The facial artery
100
The deep lingual artery runs between what muscles?
Inferior longitudinal muscel and genioglossus
101
The lingual nerve runs along what artery?
Deep lingual artery
102
The sublingual artery runs between what two muscles?
Genioglossus and mylohyoid
103
The sublingual artery anastomoses with what artery?
Submental artery from facial
104
Name the cervical and facial branches of the facial artery
``` Cervical branches Ascending palatine Tonsillar Glandular Submental ``` ``` Facial branches Inferior labial Superior labial Lateral nasal Angular ```
105
The ascending palatine artery passes up between the ____ and ____ to the side of the pharynx
Styloglossus and stylopharyngeous
106
The tonsillar artery pierces through what muscle to supply the tonsils?
Superior pharyngeal constrictor
107
True or false... the glandular branch of the facial artery branches before it wraps around the body of the mandible
True
108
The submental artery of the facial artery supplies what three things?
Anterior belly of digastric Mylohyoid Submandibular gland
109
The inferior labial branch of the facial artery anastomoses with what two arteries?
Inferior labial on contralateral side Mental branch of the inferior alveolar artery (coming from maxillary artery)
110
The superior labial artery of the facial artery anastomoses with...
``` Kiesselbach's area... Anterior Ethmoidal (opthalmic artery) Posterior septal (sphenopalatine of maxillary) Greater palatine (maxillary) Superior labial (facial) ```
111
The lateral nasal artery ascends along the lateral border of the nose and supplies the ala and dorsum of nose. What does it anastomose with?
Septal and alar branches of the superior labial artery Dorsal nasal branch of opthalmic Infraorbital branch of the maxillary artery
112
What is the terminal branch of the facial artery?
Angular
113
What two nerves pass through the internal acoustic meatus?
Facial and vestibulocochlear
114
Name the four superior branches of the mandibular portion of the maxillary artery
Deep auricular Anterior tympanic Middle meningeal Accessory meningeal
115
Name the only inferior branch of the mandibular portion of the maxillary artery
Inferior alveolar
116
What are the three branches of the inferior alveolar branch of the mandibular portion of the maxillary artery
Mylohyoid Mental Incisive
117
What portion of the maxillary artery has branches that serve all of the muscles of mastication plus the buccinator?
Pterygoid portion
118
What are the branches of the pterygoid portion of the maxillary artery?
Masseteric Pterygoids Buccal Deep temporal
119
Name the branches of the pterygopalatine portion of the maxillary artery in order
Posterior superior alveolar Descending palatine (greater and lesser palatine) Infraorbital Sphenopalatine (posterior nasal and septal) Pharyngeal Artery of the pterygoid canal (vidian's artery?)
120
The artery of the pterygoid canal can sometimes come off of....
The petrous portion of ICA
121
The nasal wall and septum receives blood from ECA and ICA from what branches
ECA - sphenopalatine | ICA - anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteris off of ophthalmic
122
Name the four branches of the opthalmic artery
Anterior and posterior ethmoidal Dorsal nasal Supratrochlear Supraorbital
123
Which passes superiorly to the other muscle.. posterior digastric or stylohyoid?
Stylohyoid

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