Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

USMLE Step 1 > Hallmark Findings > Flashcards

Hallmark Findings Flashcards

(152 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Albumino-Cytologic Dissociation

A

Guillain-Barre (markedly increased protein in CSF with only modest increase in cell count)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

ideopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Arachnodactyly

A

Marfan’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Aschoff Bodies

A

Rheumatic Fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Auer Rods

A

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML type M3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Autosplenectomy

A

Sickle Cell Anemia –switch a glu –>val in β chain (Low O2 ↑ sickling)
Other features:
-Low O2 ↑ sickling
-Aplastic crisis w/ B19 (Parvovirus ssDNA) infection
-Salmonella osteomyelitis
- Vaso-occlusive painful crisises
-Hydroxyurea as Txt (↑ HbF) & Bone marrow transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Babinski

A

UMN lesion, normal < 1 yr of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Basophilic Stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bence Jones Protein

A

Multiple myeloma

Waldenstrom’’s macroglobinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Birbeck Granules

A

Histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Blue Bloater

A 
Chronic Bronchitis (at least 3 months for at least 2 years of ecessive mucus secretion & chronic
recurrent productive cough)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Boot-shaped heart

A

Tetrology of Fallot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bouchard’s Nodes

A

Osteoarthritis (Proximal IP joint of the fingers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Boutonniere’s Deformity

A

Rheumatoid arthritis- flex proximal & extend distal IP joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Brown Tumor

A

Hyperparathyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Brushfield Spots

A

Down’s Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Call-Exner Bodies

A
  • Granulosa cell tumor: associated w/ endometrial hyperplasia & carcinoma
  • Granuloma-Theca cell tumor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cardiomegaly with Apical Atrophy

A

Chagas’ Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Chancre

A

Primary Syphilis…painless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Chancroid

A

Haemophilus ducreyi (aka Chancroid)…painful!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Charcot Triad

A

Multiple Sclerosis

Triad is: nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Charcot-Leyden Crystals

A

Bronchial asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cheyne-Stokes Breathing

A

Cerebral lesion–

Breathing pattern– oscillation of ventilation between apnea and hyperpnea with a crescendo-diminuendo pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Chocolate Cysts

A

Endometriosis

– cysts aka endometrioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Chvostek’s Sign
Hypocalcemia | -- facial spasm in tetany
26
Clue Cells
Gardernella vaginitis
27
Codman's Triangle
Osteosarcoma
28
Cold Agglutinins
Infectious mononucleosis | Mycoplasma pneumoniae
29
Condyloma Lata
Secondary Syphilis
30
Cotton Wool Spots
- HTN | - Aka, cytoid bodies seen w/ SLE (yellowish cotton wool fundal lesions)
31
Councilman Bodies
- Hep B - Yellow Fever - -dying hepatocytes
32
Crescents In Bowman’s Capsule
Rapidly progressive (crescentic glomerulonephritis)
33
Currant-Jelly Sputum
Klebsiella pneumoniae
34
Curschmann's Sprial
Bronchial Asthma
35
Depigmentation of the Substantia Nigra
Parkinson's Disease
36
Donovan Bodies
Granuloma inguinale (STD)--caused by Klebsiella granulomatis characterized by ulcerative genital lesions.
37
Eburnation
Osteoarthritis | --polished, ivory-like appearance of bone
38
Ectopia Lentis
Marfan's
39
Erythema Chronicum Migrans
Lyme Disease
40
Fatty Liver
Alcoholism
41
Ferruginous Bodies
Asbestosis - & Iron laden | -- appear as small brown nodules in the septum of the alveolus
42
Ghon Focus / Complex
Tuberculosis (1° & 2°, respectively)
43
Glitter Cells
Pyelonephritis | --neutrophils that are found in the urine
44
Gower's Manuever
Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy | --using arms to stand
45
Heberden’s Nodes
Osteoarthritis (Distal IP joint of the fingers)
46
Heinz Bodies
G6PD Deficiency
47
Heterophile Antibodies
EBV mononucleosis
48
Hirano Bodies
Alzheimer's Disease | --ntracellular aggregates of actin and actin-associated proteins first observed in neurons
49
Hypersegmented PMNs
Megaloblastic Anemia
50
Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia
Iron deficiency or beta-thalassemia
51
Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction
Syphilis | --over-aggressive treatment of an asymptomatic pt. that causes symptoms 2° to rapid lysis
52
Joint Mice
Osteoarthritis | --fractured osteophytes
53
Kussmaul Breathing
Acidosis / Diabetic Ketoacidosis | --deep rapid breathing
54
Keratin Pearls
Squamous Cell CA of skin | -Actinic Keratosis is a precursor
55
Keyser-Fleischer Ring
Wilson’s Disease | - brown ring on the edge of the iris
56
Kimmelstiel-Wilson Nodules
Diabetic Nephropathy | --Nodular Glomerulosclerosis nodules of mesangial matrix
57
Koilocytes
HPV 6 & 11 (condyloma acuminatum - benign) and HPV 16 & 18 (malignant association)
58
Koplik's Spots
Measles | -- lesions on buccal mucosa
59
Lewy Bodies
Parkinson's Disease | --eosinophilic inclusions in damaged substantia nigra cells
60
Lines of Zahn
Arterial Thrombus
61
Lisch Nodules
Type 1 Neurofibromatosis | -- pigmented iris hamartomas
62
Lumpy-Bumpy IF Glomeruli
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis – prototype of nephritic syndrome
63
Mallory Bodies
Alcoholic hepatitis
64
McBurney's Sign
Appendicitis | McBurney’s Point is 2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine
65
Michealis-Gutmann Bodies
Malakoplakia--lesion on bladder due to macros & calcospherites (M-G Bodies): usually due to E. Coli
66
Monoclonal Antibody Spike
aka "M protein" 1. Multiple myeloma 2. MGUS
67
Myxedema
Hypothyroidism
68
Negri Bodies
Rabies
69
Neuritic Plaques
aka senile plaques | Alzheimer Disease
70
Neurofibrillary Tangles
Alzheimer Disease
71
Non-pitting edema
1. Myxedema | 2. Anthrax toxin
72
Notching of ribs
Post-ductal coarctation of Aorta
73
Nutmeg Liver
CHF--> causing congested liver
74
Owl's Eye Cells
1. CMV 2. Reed-Sternberg cells of HD--? 3. Aschoff Bodies of Rheumatic fever
75
Painless jaundice
Pancreatic cancer | of the head?
76
Pannus
Rheumatoid arthritis | -also see morning stiffnes that ↓ w/ joint use, HLA-DR4
77
Pautrier’s Microabscesses
1. Mycosis fungoides--cutaneous T-cell lymphoma | 2. Sezary Syndrome
78
Philadelphia Chromosome
CML | 9:22 translocation
79
Pick Bodies
Pick's disease
80
COPD--types?
1. Pink Puffer -- Type A:emphysema 2. Blue Bloater-- Type B: chronic bronchitis - -Emphysema Centroacinar – smoking Panacinar - α1-antitrypsin deficiency
81
Podagra
Gout | --MP joint of hallux (big toe)
82
Port-Wine Stain
Hemangioma
83
Posterior Anterior Drawer Sign
ACL tear
84
Psammoma Bodies
1. Papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid 2. Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary 3. Meningioma 4. Mesothelioma
85
Pseudohypertrophy
Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy @ calf muscle bc of increased fat
86
Punched-Out Bone Lesions
Multiple myeloma
87
Rash on Palms & Soles
1. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 2. Secondary Syphilis 3. Coxsackie virus infection:Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease
88
Red Morning Urine
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. --would use Ham’s test to confirm.
89
Reed-Sternberg Cells
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
90
Reid Index Increased
Chronic bronchitis = ↑d ratio of bronchial gland to bronchial wall thickness
91
Reinke Crystals
Leydig Cell Tumor
92
Rouleaux Formation
Multiple Myeloma | -- RBCs stack like poker chips
93
S3 Heart Sound
1. L--> R Shunt (VSD, ASD, PDA) 2. Mitral regurg 3. LV failure
94
S4 Heart Sound
1. Pulmonary stenosis | 2. Pulmonary HTN
95
Schwartzman Reaction\
Neisseria meningitidis | --impressive rash with bugs
96
Smith Antigen
1. SLE (also anti-dsDNA)-- Malar Rash, Wire loop kidney lesions, Joint pain, False (+) syphilis test (VDRL), 90% 14-45 yo females 2. also seen w/ use of INH; Procainamide; Hydralazine = SLE-like syndrome
97
Soap Bubble on X-Ray
Giant cell tumor of bone
98
Spike & Dome Glomeruli
Membranous glomerulonephritis = Nephrotic syndrome | Spike = basement membrane material & Dome = immune complex deposits (IgG orC3)
99
String Sign on X-Ray
Crohn's | - bowel wall thickening
100
Target Cells
Thalassemia
101
Tendinous Xanthomas
Familial Hypercholesterolemia
102
Thyroidization of Kidney
Chronic Pyelonephritis
103
Tophi
Gout
104
Tram-Trak Glomeruli
Membrano-proliferative glomerularnephritis
105
Trousseau's Sign
1. Visceral ca, classically pancreatic (migratory thrombophlebitis) 2. Hypocalcemia (carpal spasm) * *Two entirely different disease processes and different signs, but they unfortunately have the same name.""
106
Virchow's Node
Supraclavicular node enlargement by metastatic carcinoma of the stomach
107
Warthin-Finkeldey Giant Cells
Measles
108
WBC Casts
Pyelonephritis
109
Whipple's Triad
CNS disfunction | – Hypoglycemic episodes – glu injection reverses CNS Sympt’s
110
Wire Loop Glomeruli
Lupus nephropathy, type IV (diffuse proliferative form)
111
Inc AFP in maternal serum
1. Spina Bifida | 2. Anencephaly
112
Increased Uric Acid
1. Gout 2. Lesch Nyhan 3. Myeloproliferative Disorders 4. Diuretics (Loops and Thiazides)
113
Decreased FEV1/FVC
COPD
114
"Ground Glass" on Chest X-Ray
-Hyaline Due to PCP seen with atelectasia
115
Honey Combing of the Lung
Asbestosis (restrictive lung disease)
116
Crescents
Goodpasture's Syndrome-- pneumonia w/ hemoptysis & rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
117
Linear Ig Deposits
Goodpasture's Syndrome -- anti-glomerular basement membrane disease
118
45 Degree Branching Points
Aspergillosis (aspergillis)
119
PAS (+) Dutcher bodies
Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia= Inc IgM=hyperviscositiy
120
"Ground Glass" in Abdomen
-Hyaline | seen in the hepatocytes of healthy carriers of HBsAg in liver biopsies
121
"Signet Ring" Cells
Cells in ovaries from metastasis of Kruckenberg's tumor of the stomach
122
Ground Glass Appearance (hyaline)
1. Seen w progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy oligodendrocytes 2. Nuclei seen in Papillary Ca of the thyroid
123
Congo Red
Shows amyloid deposition in plaques and vascular walls | e.g.- Used for dx of renal amyloidosis
124
Meningiomas & Progesterone
Some meningiomas have progesterone receptors= rapid growth in pregnancy possible
125
Tuberous Sclerosis Triad
Triad: seizures, MR, angiofibroma | leukoderma, (congenital facial white spots or macules)
126
Cowdry A Inclusions
Seen in HSV encephalitis in oligodendroglia
127
Devic's Syndrome
Neuromyelitis Optica!! rapid demyelination of the optic nerve and spinal cord w paraplegia -stated as "variant" of MS but really its own disease
128
c-erb B2
Breast Cancer association | -HER2
129
Foster-Kennedy Syndrome
A tumor causing blindness & anosmia w/ papilloedema
130
Hoffman's sign
Flicking of middle finger's nail -- distal sign of nerve regeneration after injury
131
Red Nucleus Destruction
Intention tremors of the arm
132
Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract
Unconcious proprioception of the lower extremities
133
Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract
Unconscious proprioception & fine motor movements
134
Lateral Spinothalamic Tract
Pain & Temp sensation
135
Ventral Spinothalamic Tract
Light touch perception
136
SVA
Taster& Smell
137
GSE
Muscles of the eye & tongue
138
SSA
Vision, Hearing & Equilibrium
139
GVA
Sensation of the tongue, soft palate. Carotid Body & Sinus innervation
140
GVE
1. Edinger Westphal nucleus = parasympathetic eye innervation 2. Gland innervation= secretion 3. Viscera
141
GSA
1. Pain & temp of face | 2. Sensation of external ear
142
SVE
Innervation of muscles of mastication, facial expressions, larynx & pharynx
143
LMN Lesion
1. Werndig-Hoffman -- progressive infantile muscular atrophy | 2. Poliomyelitis
144
Sensory Pathway Lesion
1. Subacute Combined Degeneration= Friedrich's Ataxia= B12 Deficiency 2. Tabes Dorsalis (neurosyphilis)
145
Both UMN & LMN
ALS
146
Both Sensory & Motor Lesion
1. Brown-Sequard -- hemicord lesion | 2. Anterior spinal artery occlusion
147
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Controls circadian rhythm
148
Ventromedial Nucleus
Satiety center | "savage" behavior 7 obesity when lesioned
149
Lateral Nucleus
Induces eating | starvation when lesioned ("shrink laterally with lateral lesion")
150
Arcuate Nucleus
Releases PIf (dopaminergic neurons)
151
Mamillary Body
Hemorrhages seen in Wernicke's Encephalopathy
152
Acanthocytes
RBCs w/ spiny projections | -seen in abetalipoproteinemia, severe liver disease

USMLE Step 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions