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USMLE Step 1 > Pharmacology-- CNS > Flashcards

Pharmacology-- CNS Flashcards

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1
Q

TOMS

A

Short-acting BDZs:
Triazolam
Onazelam
Midazolam

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2
Q

Butyrophenone

A

Derivatives include: Haloperidol & droperidol

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3
Q

Atypical D4

A

Clozapine-Thiroidazine-Olanzepine-Risperidone= Do not cause EPS

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4
Q

Flumazenil

A

BDZ antidote for OD

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5
Q

Methylphenidate

A

Tx for ADHD (trade name Ritalin)

mech: NE/DA reuptake inhibitor

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6
Q

Phenytoin

A

Antiepileptic, stabilizes the inactive state of voltage-gated Na-channels.
Causes aplastic anemia, gingival hyperplasia, cleft lip & palate
Zero order clearance

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7
Q

Thiopental

A

Short acting barbiturate

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8
Q

Carbamazepine

A

DOC for trigeminal neuralgia
Tx lennox gastaut syndrome in kids
tradename: tegretol (also used for BP)

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9
Q

Atypical DA antagonists

A

Thioridazine, Olanzapine, Clozapine

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10
Q

Pimozide

A

antipsychtoic, DA-antagonist

Tx Tourette’s, scz

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11
Q

Risperidone

A

Atypical antipsychotic, good for negative sx

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12
Q

Thioridazine

A

Most anticholinergic of the neuroleptics

atypical antipsychotic

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13
Q

Haloperidol

A

Typical antipsychotic

Neuroleptic malignant hyperthermia due to chronic DA-2R block. Give dantrolene and bromocriptine to tx

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14
Q

Imipramine

A

TCA

Tx: Enuresis

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15
Q

Clomipramine

A

TCA
Tx: OCD
See aggressive behavior w/ use

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16
Q

Trazodone

A

SARI – 5HT antagonist & reuptake inhibitor

May cause PRIAPISM

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17
Q

Buproprion

A

NE-DA reuptake inhibitor

Depression and smoking cessation**

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18
Q

SSRIS

A

MDE & OCD

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19
Q

Fluoxetine

A

SSRI

“good for negative sx”…the fuck does that mean?

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20
Q

Phenelzine

A

Irreversible MAO-I

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21
Q

Lithium

A

Tx: manic phase of BP
SEs:Causes goiter by inhibiting conversion of T4 to T3;Causes nephrogenic DI (thus can be used to tx SIADH);Low salf diet will lead to Li tox

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22
Q

Alprazolam

A

Short acting benzo

Tx: anxiety d/os (social phobia, PD, GAD, etc)

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23
Q

Propranolol

A

Nonselective beta-blocker

tx: performance anxiety

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24
Q

opioid kappa-receptor (κ-r)

A

Spinal analgesia. Euphoria. ++euphoria. ++sedation. Constipation.
Per wikipedia: analgesia, sedation, miosis, inhib. of ADH release, dysphoria

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25
opioid mu-receptor (μ-r)
supraspinal analgesia? μ1: analgesia,physical dependence μ2: respiratory depression,miosis, euphoria, red.GI motilityphysical dependence μ3: possible vasodilation
26
Morphine & O2
Admin. is contraindicated for pt.s on morphine. | Sedation: Dec. CO2 sensitivity, and O2 admin can lead to dec. resp drive--> stop breathing
27
Morphine
Opioid analgesic, acts predom. at mu-receptor | Inc ICP= do NOT give to pt w head trauma!
28
Morphine OD
Signs: pin-point pupils, Dec. respiration, coma Tx: Naloxone
29
Meperidine
Mu receptor agonist, some kappa activity Anesthetic used during labor aka Demerol
30
Hydromorphone
mu-r agonist (morphine deriv) | used in renal failure...why? it's cleared renally
31
Tramadol
Ambulatory tx for mod-severe pain | Mech:weak μ-r agonist, induces 5HT release, and inhibits the reuptake of NE
32
Naloxone
Tx for Opiod OD, opiate R antagonist Reverses respiratory dep Used in suboxone--> no oral availability
33
Pentazocine
"mixed agonist-antagonist narc"-->Part κ(+) & part μ(-) | Tx: pain
34
Butorphanol
Part κ(+) & part μ(-) | Intranasal for migraine, oral for pain
35
Nalbuphene
Part κ(+) & part μ(-)
36
Inc GABA
Decrease seizure focus = barbs and benzos
37
Decreased Fast Na Channel Activity
Dec electrical activity spread= phenytoin & carbamazepine
38
Methoxyflurane
Volatile inhaled anesthetic | Can be nephrotoxic. Needs low MAC (min. alveolar concen.) for anesthetic induction
39
Enflurane
Volatile inhaled anesthetic Can be nephrotoxic Can cause tonic/clonic muscle spasms
40
Isoflurane
Volatile inhaled anesthetic | can cause bronchospasm
41
Halothane
Volatile inhaled anesthetic | Can cause ventricular extrasystoles & Malignant hyperthermia & Hepatitis
42
Nitrous Oxide
Volatile inhaled anesthetic (N2O...NOT NO!!) | No effect on HR. Needs High MAC for anesthetic induction
43
Thiopental
Short acting barb
44
Ketamine
Dissociative anesthetic
45
Droperidol
Can be used in combo w fentanyl for neuroleptoanalgesic effect Used transdermally for chronic pain Anti-DA drug
46
Fentanyl
Can be used in combo w Droperidol for neuroleptoanalgesic effect. Neuroleptic tranq, has mild alpha block
47
Midazolam
pre-anesthetic. Induces amnesia
48
Primidone
Biotransformed to phenobarb
49
C& A delta fibers
first fibers to be blocked w anesthesia
50
Esters
Local anesthetics Procaine, Tetracain, benzocaine. Break down and yield PABA (allergen) "caines" are locals
51
Amides
Local anesthetics Lidocaine, Mepivaciane, Bupivaciane, Etidocaine= “i” before “caine” always an amide metabolized in the liver
52
Amphetamine
DA reuptake inhibitor. MAOI, | Parkinson's Tx
53
Bromocriptine
D2 agonist. Used w L-Dope for "on-off" phenomenon in Parkinson's
54
Benzotropine
Anti muscarinic w some Da reuptake inhibition. Tx: Parkinson's
55
Amantadine
Dec Da reuptake centrally. Tx: Parkinson's | Can cause livido reticularis = skin mottling
56
Diphenhydramine (DPH)
First gen anti-histamine, Tx: early parkinson's for antichoinergic effects Rxed for sleep disturbance
57
Pergolide
More effective and longer acting than bromocriptine for Pd. DA and 5HT agonist WITHDRAWN FROM US MARKET IN 2007 (no ergoline derivs on market)
58
Ethosuximide
DOC for absence seizures | Mech poorly understood
59
Tranylcypromine
MAOI
60
SSRI & MAOI
fatal combo, especially w Paroxetine or fluoxetine plus tranylcypromine
61
Labor opioids
Meperidine and nalbuphine
62
Desipramine
TCA | Causes sudden cardiac death in children!

USMLE Step 1 (9 decks)

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