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USMLE Step 1 > Most Common... > Flashcards

Most Common... Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Tumor Arising from Bone in Adults

A

Osteosarcoma

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2
Q

Adrenal Medullary Tumor– Adults

A

Pheochromocytoma

5 P’s: ↑ Pressure, Pain (Headache), Perspiration, Palpitations, Pallor/Diaphoresis

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3
Q

Adrenal Medullary Tumor– Children

A

Neuroblastoma

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4
Q

Agent of Severe Viral Encephalitis

A

Herpes Simplex

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5
Q

Aggressive Lung Tumor

A

small cell or oat cell

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6
Q

Associated w/ Gall Stones

A

Adenocarcinoma

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7
Q

Bacterial Meningitis– the Elderly

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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8
Q

Bacterial Meningitis – Adults

A

Strep pneumonia, in young adults it’s Neisseria meningitidis

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9
Q

Bacterial Meningitis – Newborns

A

Group B. Strepl

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10
Q

Bacterial Meningitis– Toddlers

A

Haemophilus Influenza B

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11
Q

Benign Epithelial Tumor of Oral Mucosa

A

Papilloma

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12
Q

Benign Fallopian Tube Tumor

A

Adenomatoid

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13
Q

Benign Ovarian Tumor

A

Mature (native) Teratoma = benign dermatoid

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14
Q

Benign tumor of soft tissue

A

Lipoma

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15
Q

Benign tumor of the breast, <25 yo

A

Fibroadenoma

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16
Q

Benign Tumor of the liver

A

Hemangioma

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17
Q

Benign tumor of the vulva

A

hidroadenoma

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18
Q

Benign uterine tumor

A

Leiomyoma– estrogen sensitive, size changes during pregnancy and menopause

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19
Q

Bone Tumors

A

Metasteses from Breast & Prostate

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20
Q

Brain tumor- childr

A

Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

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21
Q

Brain tumor – adult

A

astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), then: meningioma, mets, Schwannoma

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22
Q

Breast Carcinoma

A

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma

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23
Q

Breast Mass

A

fibrocystic change in premenopausal women, carcinoma in post-menopausal

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24
Q

Bug in acute endocarditis

A

Staph aureus

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25
Bug in debilitated, hospital-aquired pneumonia pt
Klebsiella
26
Bug in epiglottitis
Heamophilus infuenza B
27
Bug in GI tract
Bacteroides, 2nd MC is ecoli
28
Bug in IV drug user bacteremia/pneumonia
Staph aureas (also in acute endocarditis)
29
Bug in PID
Gonnorrhoeae
30
Bug in subacute endocarditis
Strep Viridans
31
CA of urinary collecting system
Transitional cell carcinoma -- assoc. w/ benzidine; βnaphthylamine; analine dyes; long term txt w/ cyclophosphamide
32
Primary Cardiac Tumor - Adults
Myxoma, "ball valve"
33
Primary cardiac tumor- children
Rhabdomyoma-- associated w Tuberous Sclerosis
34
Cardiac tumor- Adults
metasteses
35
Cardiomyopathy
Dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy: alcohol, BeriBeri, cocaine use, coxsackie B, doxorubicin, systolic dysfct
36
Cause of secondary HTN
Renal disease
37
Cause of Addison's
Autoimmune (second is infection)
38
Cause of breast lumps
CA of the breast....doesn't this depend on population?
39
Cause of chronic endometriosis
TB...WHAT??
40
Cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
21-hydroxylase deficiency...NaCl lost and hypotension, then 11-NaCl retention and HTN
41
Cause of Cushing's
Exogenous steroid therapy (then primacy ACTH, adrenal adenoma, ectopic ACTH)
42
Cause of death in Alzheimer Pt.s
Pneumonia
43
Cause of death in Diabetics
MI
44
Cause of death in premature infants
neonatal respiratory distress syndome (NRDS) = hyaline membrane disease
45
Cause of death in SLE patients
Lupus nephropathy type IV (diffuse proliferative)= Renal disease
46
Cause of Dementia
Alzheimers | 2nd most common: multi- infarct dementia
47
Cause of dwarfism
achondroplasia
48
Cause of food poisoning
Staph Aureus
49
Cause of hematosalpynga
ectopic pregnancy
50
Cause of hypoparathyroidism
Thryroidectomy
51
Cause of hypothyroidism
corrective surgery I31 tx
52
Cause of kidney infections
E. coli
53
Cause of liver disease in the U.S.
alcohol consumption
54
Cause of malignancy in children
Acute leukemia
55
Cause of genetic MR
Down Syndrome
56
Cause of heritable MR
Fragile X
57
Cause of MR
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (?)
58
Cause of NaCl loss & hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
59
Cause of PID
N. ghonorrhea
60
Cause of portal cirrhosis
alcohol
61
Cause of preventable blindness
Chlamydia (serotypes A,B,Ba,C)
62
Cause of Pulmonary HTN
COPD
63
Cause of SIADH
small cell carcinoma of the lung
64
Cause of UT obstruction in men
BPH
65
Cause of pernicious anemia
chronic atrophic gastritis... no production of intrinsic factor
66
Chromosomal Disorder
Down Syndrome
67
Common tumor of the appendix
Carcinoid tumor: flushing, diarrhea, bronchopsasm, right heart valvular lesions, Tx: methysergide (5HT antagonist)
68
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD (membranous > muscular)
69
Congenital early cyanosis
Tetrology of Fallot (a R--> L shunt)
70
Coronary Artery Thrombosis
LAD artery: MI
71
Demyelinating Disease
Multiple Sclerosis - Charcot triad: nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech - Periventricular plaques w/ dec. oligodendrocytes - Inc IgG in CSF, Optic neuritis, MLF sx (internuclear opthalmoplegia, bladder incontinence?)
72
Dental Tumor
Odontoma
73
Dietary deficiency
Iron
74
Disease of the breast
Fibrocystic change
75
Disseminated opportunistic infection in AIDS
CMV (PCP is most common OI overall)
76
Esophageal cancer
SCCA
77
Fallopian Tube Malignancy
Adenocarcinoma
78
Fatal genetic defect in caucasians
Cystic Fibrosis (chromosome 7q)
79
Female Tumor
Leiomyoma (fibroids)
80
Form of Amyloidosis
Immunologic | -- Bence Jones protein in multiple myeloma is also called the Amyloid Light Chain)
81
Form of Tularemia
Ulceroglandular
82
Germ cell tumor of the testes
Seminoma (analogous to dysgerminoma of ovaries)
83
Gynecological Malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma
84
Gynecological finding
Endometrial CA ---> check source on this. questionable
85
Heart Murmur
Mitral valve prolapse
86
Hear valve in bacterial endocarditis
mitral
87
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis in IVDA
Tricuspid....staph A most common bug
88
Heart valve involved in Rheumatic Fever
Mitral, then aortic
89
Hereditary bleeding disorder
Von Willebrand's Disease
90
Hormone secreted in pituitary adenoma
Prolactin (thus called prolactinoma)
91
Inherited disease of the kidney
Adult polycystic kidney disease: associated with polycystic liver, Berry aneurysms, mitral prolapse -APD1-- chromosome 16
92
Intracranial tumor in adults
Glioblastoma multiforme (grade IV astrocytoma)
93
Islet Tumor
Insulinoma= beta cell tumor
94
Liver primary tumor
Hepatoma
95
Liver Disease
Alcoholic liver disease
96
Location of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas
Head (99%)
97
Location of adult brain tumors
Supratentorial
98
Location of childhood brain tumors
Infratentorial
99
Lung tumor--malignant or benign?
Malignant
100
Lung tumor-- primary or secondary?
Secondary
101
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher's disease
102
Malignancy in women
Lung, breast is second --besides basal cell carcinoma
103
Malignancy of the pharynx
Glottic CA (squamous cell)
104
Malignancy of the small intestine
Adenocarcinoma
105
Malignancy of the vulva
Squamous cell CA
106
Malignant eye tumor in kids
Retinoblastoma
107
Malignant tumor of the liver
Hepatocellular CA
108
Motor Neuron Disease
ALS
109
Muscular Dystrophy
Duchenne's: dystrophin deletion. Presents <5 yoa w/ weakness at pelvic girdles w/ upward progression
110
Nasal Tumor
Squamous cell CA
111
Neoplasm-- Child
Leukemia
112
2nd MC Neoplasm -- Child
Medulloblastoma of brain (cerebellum)
113
Neoplasm of the West
Adeno CA of the rectum and/or colon (what?)
114
Neoplastic polyp
Tubular adenoma
115
Nephrotic syndrome in adults
Membranous glomerularnephritis
116
Nephrotic syndrome in children
Minimal change disease (lipoid nephrosis) | --responds well to steroids
117
Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma
Follicular small clear cell
118
Cause of death in women annually
Lung CA
119
Skin tumor
Basal cell CA
120
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
PCP
121
Ovarian Malignancy
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
122
Ovarian tumor
Hamartoma
123
Pancreatic Tumor
Adeno -- usually in the head
124
Patient with : ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL -- child/CLL- adult over 60/ AML - adult over 60/ CML- Adult 30-50
125
Patient with Goodpasture's
Young male
126
Patient with Reiter's
male (reactive arthritis)
127
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma | 2nd MC is somatotrophic "acidophilic" adenoma
128
Place for primary squamous cell Ca of esophagus
Mid 1/3
129
Place for peptic ulcer disease
Lesser curvature of antrum-- associated w blood group O
130
Primary benign salivary tumor
Pleomorphic adenoma (mixed) -- 90% localized to the parotid
131
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas | 2nd: hyperplasia, 3rd: carcinoma
132
Primary malignancy of bone
Osteosarcoma
133
Primary malignancy of small intestine
Lymphoma
134
Pt w Hodgkins
young male (except nodular sclerosing type--females)
135
Pt w minimal change disease
Young child
136
Renal malignancy
Renal cell CA
137
Renal malignancy of early childhood
Wilm's tumor (neuroblastoma)-- chromosome 11p
138
Salivary tumor
Pleomorphic adenoma
139
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of CRF
140
Sexually Transmitted Disease
Chlamydia (serotypes D-K)
141
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
142
Site of embolic occlusion
Middle cerebal artery | --contralateral paralysis, aphasias, motor & sensory loss
143
Site of metastasis
regional lymph nodes
144
2nd MC site of mets
Liver
145
Sites of atherosclerosis
abdominal aorta > coronary >popliteal > carotid
146
Skin CA of fair skinned people
Malignant melanoma
147
Skin cancer
Basal cell CA
148
Small intestine congenital anomaly
Meckel's diverticulum
149
Stomach cancer
Adeno -- assoc. w/ blood group A
150
Testicular tumor
Seminoma= malignant painless testes growth
151
Thyroid anomaly
Thyroglossal duct cyst
152
Thyroid CA
Papillary Ca
153
Tracheosophageal Fistula
Lower esophagus joins trachea/upper esophagus- blind pouch- polyhydramnios association
154
Tumor in men <20
germ cell tumor
155
Tumor of infancy
Benign vascular tumor = port wine hemangioima
156
Tumor of the stomach >50 years of age
Ca of stomach (adenocarcinoma)
157
Type of Hodgkin's
Nodular Sclerosing **
158
Type of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Follicular, small cleaved
159
Type of portal cirrhosis
micronodular
160
type of soft tissue tumor of childhood
Rhabdomyosarcoma
161
Vasculitis (of medium and small vessels)
Temporal arteritis (branch of carotid artery)
162
Viral encephalitis
HSV
163
Worm infection in U.S.
Pinworm | 2nd is Ascaris lumbricoides (giant round worm)
164
Worst prognosis in thyroid cancer
Follicular CA
165
Cause of lobar pneumonia
Strep. pneumoniae
166
Cause of death between 24-44 yoa
AIDS
167
cause of pneumonia in CF
Pseudomonas
168
Cause of osteomyelitis in IVDA
Pseudomonas
169
Cause of infection in burn pt.s
Pseudomonas
170
Psychiatric problem in males
specific phobia
171
Intelligence test
Stanford Binet (age 6 and under) WIPSE 4-6 WISK-R 6-17 WAIS-R older than 17
172
Paraphilia
Pedophilia
173
Metabolite see w/ pheochromocytoma
VMA: vanillylmandelic acid (an NE metabolite)
174
Severe Shigella
Dysenteriae
175
Bug in otitis media & sinusitis in kids
Strep. pneumoniae
176
Cause of solitary brain abcess
Actinomyces israelli
177
Cause of bacterial diarrhea in U.S.
campylobacter jejuni
178
Shigella Type
Shigella sonnei
179
Cause of non-ghonococcal urethritis
Chlamydia trichomonas
180
Pneumonia
Strep. pneumoniae -- community acquired?
181
Urethritis
Neisseria ghonorrhea
182
Cause of glomerulonephritis
IgA Nephropathy= Berger's Disease
183
Cause of Viral Pneumonia
RSV- infants Parainfluenza-- kids Influenza virus-- adults Adeno virus-- military recruits
184
Complication of COPD
Pulmonary infections
185
Cause of death w/ SLE
Renal Failure
186
Atrial Septal Defect
Ostium secundum type
187
Warm Antibody
Most common form of immune hemolytic anemia IgG auto-antibodies to RBCs See spherocytosis;(+) Coomb's test; complication to CLL
188
Immunodeficiency
IgA deficiency
189
Congenital GIT Anomaly
Meckel's diverticulum: persistence of vitelline duct/yolk sac stalk
190
Cause of congenital malformation
Fetal Alcohol syndrome

USMLE Step 1 (9 decks)

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