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anatomy > Head and neck > Flashcards

Head and neck Flashcards

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1
Q

name the 3 parts of the skull

A
  1. the neurocranium
  2. the viscerocranium
  3. the mandible
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2
Q

state the bones of the skull

A 
parietal
occipital
temporal
frontal
zygomatic 
maxilla
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3
Q

what type of joints are sutures

A

fibrous joints

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4
Q

between which bones does the saggital suture lie

A

parietal and temporal

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5
Q

between which bones does the coronal suture lie

A

parietal and frontal

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6
Q

between which bones does the lamboid suture lie

A

parietal and occipital

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7
Q

state the bones of the nose

A

nasal
lacrimal
ethmoid

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8
Q

state the bony prominences of the skull

A 
occipital protuberance 
mastioid protuberance
zygomatic arch
styloid process
occipital condyles
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9
Q

what important structure lies within the pituitary fossa

A

pituitary gland

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10
Q

what foramen is found in the posterior cranial fossa

A

foramen magnum

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11
Q

state the air sinuses found In the skull

A

frontal sinus
sphenoid sinus
ethmoid air cells
maxillary sinus

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12
Q

name the 5 layers of the scalp

A
  • skin
  • connective tissue(deep)
  • aponeurosis of the occipitofrontal muscle (epicranial aponeurosis)
  • loose areolar tissue (connective)
  • pericranium (periosteum)
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13
Q

state the nerve supply to the anterior part of the scalp

A

trigeminal nerve - ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

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14
Q

state the nerve supply to the posterior part of the scalp

A

cutaneous branches of cervical spinal nerves C2 and C3

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15
Q

lacerating wounds of the scalp causes

A

profuse bleeding due to sites of anastomoses, fibrous fascia prevents vasoconstriction

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16
Q

describe emissary veins

A

valveless veins

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17
Q

state the muscles of facial expression

A
  • orbicular oculi (palpebral part)
  • occipitofrontalis
  • orbicularis oculi
  • frontalis
  • buccinator
  • platysma
  • orbicularis oris
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18
Q

from which foramen does the facial nerve emerge from

A

stylomastoid foramen

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19
Q

name the 5 branches of the facial nerve

A
  • cervical
  • marginal mandibular
  • buccal
  • zygomatic
  • temporal
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20
Q

name the 3 salivary glands

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

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21
Q

where does the parotid duct open into the oral cavity

A

upper 2nd molar

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22
Q

what are the 3 main branches of the trigeminal nerve

A

V1- ophthalmic
V2- maxillary
V3- mandibular

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23
Q

state the 4 compartments of the neck

A
  • vertebral compartment
  • vascular compartment
  • visceral compartment
  • musculofascial collar
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24
Q

how many cervical vertebrae are there

A

7

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25
what kind of joint is present between occipital condyles and atlas (c1)
ellipsoid synovial joint
26
name the muscles of the neck
``` stylohyoid mandible digastric hyoid omohyoid sternocleomastoid trapezius ```
27
what are the two terminal branches of ECA
maxillary artery and superficial temporal artery
28
in relation to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, where does the EJV run
superficial
29
name the parts of the hyoid bone
greater horn lesser horn body
30
name the suprahyoid muscles
- mylohyoid - geniohyoid - digastric - stylohyoid
31
name the infra hyoid muscles
- sternohyoid - sternothyroid - thyrohyoid - omohyoid
32
what is the vertebral root values of the cervical plexus
C1-C4
33
what is the ansa cervicalis
a loop of nerves, formed by nerve roots C1-C3
34
what are the root values of the brachial plexus
C5-T1
35
name the 3 portions of the pharynx
nasopharynx oropharynx larynxpharynx
36
what two bones form the nasal septum
1. vomer | 2. perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
37
name the parts od the ethmoid bone
- the cribriform plate - the crista Galli - the central plate - superior and middle conchae - ethmoid air cells
38
which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell
olfactory nerve
39
what is the name given to the space above the superior concha
spheno-ethmoidal recess
40
what are paranasal air sinuses
air-filled extensions of nasal cavity
41
what are the functions of the paranasal air sinuses
1. lighten the weight of the head | 2. supporting immune defence of nasal cavity
42
what are adenoids
a collection of lymphoid tissue between the epithelium of the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx
43
Name the muscles of mastication
1. temporalis 2. masseter 3. medial ptrerygoid 4. lateral pterygoid
44
state the innervation of the muscles of mastication
branches of the mandibular divisor of the trigeminal nerve
45
describe the vestibule
the vestibule of the oral cavity refers to the space between the lips/cheek and gums/teeth
46
which two bones form the hard palate
1. palatine process of maxilla | 2. horizontal plates of palatine bone
47
name the muscles in the soft palate
1. tensor veli palatini 2. levator veli palatini 3. palatoglossus 4. palatopharyngeus 5. musculus uvulae
48
state the name of the v shaped sulcus on the tongue
terminal sulcus
49
state the 3 types of papillae
1. filiform 2. folliate 3. vallate
50
name the fold of mucous membrane that fixes the tongue to the floor of the mouth
frenulum
51
which muscle attaching to the tongue is NOT innervated by the hypoglossal nerve
palatoglossus - by vagus nerve
52
what cartilage forms Adams apple
thyroid cartilage
53
name the structures of the laryngeal inlet
1. free curved edge of epiglottis 2. corniculate cartilages 3. arytenoid cartilage 4. interartyenoid fold 5. aryepiglottic fold
54
what is the sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane of the larynx
recurrent laryngeal nerve
55
name the 3 layers of the pharynx
- outer muscular layer - middle fibrous layer - inner mucous membrane
56
describe the role of pharyngeal lymphoid ring
a collection of lymphoid tissue that protects the entrance to the oropharynx - 1st line defence
57
name the lymphoid collections present in waldeyers ring
1. 2x tubal tonsils 2. 2x palatine tonsils 3. pharyngeal tonsils 4. lingual tonsils
58
What passes through the optic foramen
1. Optic nerve | 2. OpthalamIc artery
59
What passes through the superior orbital fissure
1 oculomotor 2. Cranial nerve IV 3. Lacrimal, frontal 4. Ophthalmic division of cranial nerve V 5. Ophtlamic veins 6. Nasociliary and abducens
60
What passes through the inferior orbital fissure
Maxillary division of cranial nerve V
61
What is found in the outer fibrous layer
1. Sclera | 2. Cornea
62
What is found in the middle vascular layer
1. Choroid 2. Ciliary body 3. Iris
63
What is found in the inner sensory layer
1. Retina
64
What is the function of the usurp dory ligament of the eye
Connects the ciliary body of the eye with the lens, holding it in place
65
Name the branch of the internal carotid artery that supplied the orbit abs the eye
OpthalamIic artery
66
What is the fluid that lies within the body labryrinth
Perilymph
67
What is the fluid that lies within the membranous labyrinth
Endolymph
68
Describe extra rural haemorrhage
Biconvex lens-shaped
69
In which cranial bone is the sella turcica found
Sphenoid bone
70
What type of muscle fibres underlies the epithelium of the tongue
Skeletal
71
State the secretion of the parotid gland
Serous
72
State the secretion of the sublingual gland
Mucous
73
State the secretion of the submandibular gland
Mixed serous and mucous
74
What is the function of this cell
Contractile functions helps in expelling secretions from lumen of secretory units and facilitate movement of saliva and salivary ducts

anatomy (12 decks)

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