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Anatomy > head: cranial nerves > Flashcards

head: cranial nerves Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

where do these cranial nerves originate? CNI , CN II, CN XI

A

I- cerebrum
II- diencephalon
XI- spinal cord

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2
Q

olfactory nerve: where are the receptors, cell bodies, central processes and synapse ?

A

Receptors in roof of nasal cavity
Cell bodies in nasal mucosa
Central processes enter cranium via cribriform plate
Synapse in olfactory bulb

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3
Q

only CN to enter cerebrum

A

CN I- olfactory

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4
Q

Olfactory tracts project to where?

A

Olfactory tracts project to ipsilateral & contralateral anterior temporal lobes

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5
Q

CN II: Optic “nerves” are ___ order neurons

Extensions of ________

A

3rd, extensions of diencephalon

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6
Q

optic chiasm

A

Medial (nasal) retinal fibers cross & join lateral (temporal) retinal fibers of contralateral eye
Form optic tracts

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7
Q

optic tracts

A

R carries fibers from R half of each retina=left visual field
L carries fibers from L half of each retina=right visual field

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8
Q

where do the optic tracts project?

A

to thalamus then to occipital lobes

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9
Q

oculomotor: CN III - what does it do?

A

Somatic motor-eye/eyelid movement
Visceral motor-constricts pupil, rounds lens (accommodation)
Efferent limb of light reflex

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10
Q

CN III originates from two midbrain nuclei

A
  1. Motor-somatic
  2. Accessory/parasympathetic (Edinger-Westphal)-visceral
    To ciliary ganglion
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11
Q

oculomotor nerve + CN IV + CN VI course

A

Courses lateral to diaphragm sella, crosses internal carotid

Enters orbit via superior orbital fissure

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12
Q

Short ciliary nerves (V1) go where?

A

to sphincter pupillae & ciliary body

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13
Q

what is the largest true cranial nerve?

A

CN V (trigeminal)

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14
Q

trigeminal nerve: made of how many brainstem nuclei? - how many are sensory and how many motor? which are larger? where does it emerge from?

A

4 brainstem nuclei-3 sensory, 1 motor
sensory (large) & motor (small) roots
pons
*Sensory root has central processes from trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

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15
Q

trigeminal ganglion is ____ to cavernous sinuses

A

lateral

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16
Q

do all trigeminal nerve fibers go through the trigem ganglion?

A

NO! sensory do, but Motor root fibers bypass ganglion

–> Blend with V3 in foramen ovale

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17
Q

three branches of opthalmic V1 and their subdivisions

A

Lacrimal
Frontal: Supraorbital/supra trochlear
Nasociliary: Long/short ciliary, Infratrochlear

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18
Q

afferent limb of sneeze reflex

A

maxillary V2

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19
Q

while V2 has 5 branches, which 2 do we care about? what are their subdivisions?

A

Zygomatic: Zygomaticofacial, Zygomaticotemporal
Infraorbital: Anterior superior alveolar

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20
Q

what are the 4 ganglia in the head? what nerve carries ALL postgang PSNS?

Study These Flashcards
A 
Ciliary
Pterygopalatine
Otic
Submandibular
- Postganglionic parasympathetic from all ganglia carried by CN V branches
21
Q

where does CN VI (abducens) enter to orbit?

Study These Flashcards
A

comes from posterior cranial fossa
Enters at clivus
- enters orbit via SOF

22
Q

which nerve has the longest intradural course?

23
Q

which CN has the longest interosseus course?

24
Q

where does the facial nerve enter and exit

Study These Flashcards
A

enter: IAM (facial canal)
exit: stylomastoid foramen

25
where does the facial nerve take a sharp bend?
at the geniculate ganglion
26
three interosseus branches of CN VII (facial)
Greater petrosal Nerve to stapedius Chorda tympani
27
Chorda tympani (of facial nerve) enters infratemporal fossa via ______ _______ to meet with lingual V3
petrotympanic fissure
28
what innervates the stapedius (muscle that stabilizes the stapes)?
Branch to stapedius from facial nerve CN VII
29
Facial nerve CN VII- exits cranium via what? to become what 5 extracranial branches?
stylomastoid foramen | temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical
30
what do the external branches of facial nerve innervate?
Muscles of facial expression posterior digastric + stylohyoid Efferent limb of corneal reflex Orbicularis oculi
31
mandibular V3 supplies what muscles?
Mylohyoid Anterior digastric via Nerve to mylohyoid Tensor veli palatini Tensor tympani
32
where do the two branches of vestibulocochlear nerve go? (CN VIII) - where are the cell bodies of each?
Vestibular to maculae of utricle & saccule, cristae ampullaris of semicircular canals Cell bodies in vestibular ganglion Cochlear to spiral organ of Corti Cell bodies in spiral ganglion
33
which nerves come from preolivary sulcus of medulla oblongata as rootlets?
CN IX, X and XII
34
what are the branches of CN IX glossopharyngeal
tympanic, pharyngeal (+ stylopharyngeus), lingual, carotid sinus
35
what reflexes are the vagus nerve involved in?
Afferent & efferent limbs of cough reflex Efferent limb of gag reflex Efferent limb of carotid sinus reflex
36
what are the C1-C2 fibers that the hypoglossal nerve CN XII carries (but then they depart)
Superior root of ansa cervicalis (C1 ± C2) | Nerves to geniohyoid & thyrohyoid (C1)
37
which CNs arrive midline? which more lateral?
1-3, 6, 12 emerge near midline | 4,5 7-10 emerge more lateral
38
for each cranial fossa, how many foramina in each? what are they?
Anterior cranial fossa: 1 foramen - cribiform I Middle cranial fossa: 4 foramina - optic canal, SOF, rotundum, ovale II, III, IV, V (1-3), VI Posterior cranial fossa: 3 foramina - IAM, jugular foramen, hypoglossal canal VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII
39
CN test I + II
CN I-check for air movement through each nostril; patient occludes one nostril; use distinctive odor 10 cm from each nostril CN II-hand-held or wall Snellen chart for acuity; Ishihara for color; visual fields by confrontation
40
CN test III, IV, VI
CN III (autonomic motor)-direct & consensual pupil constriction to light & accommodation II-afferent, III-efferent CN III (somatic motor), IV, & VI-ptosis & extraocular movements; follow “H” pattern LR6 SO4 All Others3
41
CN test V
``` CN V (somatic sensory)-cotton swab to V1, V2, V3 distributions, cotton wisp to cornea (blink) V-afferent, VII-efferent CN V (somatic motor)-open/close mouth, palpate temporalis & masseter with clenched teeth ```
42
CN test VII
``` CN VII (somatic motor)-facial symmetry; look up (forehead wrinkles), close eyelids tight, smile, puff cheeks CN VII (special sensory)-rarely tested; salt to anterior 2/3 tongue CN VII (autonomic motor)-rarely tested; dry eyes & mouth ```
43
CN test VIII
CN VIII (cochlear)-rub fingers next to ears Weber-Rinne for conductive vs. sensorineural CN VIII (vestibular)-rarely tested Barany test for vertigo, Romberg test for equilibrium
44
CN test IX/X
CN IX/X (somatic sensory/motor)-say “Ahhh”, soft palate rises with midline uvula; gag reflex; phonation Uvula deviates AWAY from affected side IX-afferent, X-efferent CN IX/X (other functions)-rarely tested; dry mouth
45
CN test XI and XII
CN XI-turn head, shrug shoulders against resistance CN XII-stick out tongue Tongue deviates TOWARDS affected side
46
what is the "convoluted course of visceral motor to otic ganglion? (4)
1. glossopharyngeal Tympanic branch enters middle ear - tympanic plexus near mastoid process (Visceral sensory & preganglionic parasympathetics) 2. tympanic n (CN IX) --> Lesser petrosal n. (of CN VII) into middle cranial fossa 3. enters infratemporal fossa via foramen ovale w/ V3 --> otic ganglion 4. Postganglionics in auriculotemporal (V3) to parotid gland
47
after the tympanic branch, what are the 3 other branches of the glossopharyngela CN IX?
Pharyngeal branch Lingual Branch Carotid sinus branch
48
what do the pharyngeal, lingual and carotid sinus branches of CN IX do?
1. Pharyngeal branch: Forms pharyngeal plexus with X on middle pharyngeal constrictor Sensory to pharynx; Motor to stylopharyngeus 2. Lingual branch: General sensation & taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue 3. Carotid sinus branch: Afferent baroreceptive & chemoreceptive + Carotid massage

Anatomy (13 decks)

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