neck: anterior triangle

Question 1

superficial neck: between what bones? superficial to what fascias?

Answer 1

Between mandible/occipital bone & clavicles
Superficial to prevertebral & visceral pretracheal fasciae
Four regions based on 2 muscles
Sternocleidomastoid
Posterior
Lateral (posterior triangle)
Anterior (anterior triangle)

Question 2

superficial neck: divided into ___ regions based on __ muscles?

Answer 2

4 regions based on 2 muscles

Question 3

superficial neck: what are the 4 regions that it is subdivided into? what are the two muscles that create these divisions?

Answer 3

Sternocleidomastoid
Posterior
Lateral (posterior triangle)
Anterior (anterior triangle)

-sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

Question 4

anterior triangle: what make up the borders? - anterior, posterior, superior and floor

Answer 4

Anterior-midline of neck
Posterior-anterior border of SCM
Superior-inferior border of mandible
Floor-pharynx, larynx, & thyroid

Question 5

the anterior triangle is subdivided by what two muscles into how many smaller triangles?

Answer 5

Subdivided by omohyoid & digastric into 4 smaller triangles

Question 6

what are the 4 small triangles that the anterior neck is divided into?

Answer 6

Submental (unpaired)
Submandibular (paired)
Carotid (paired)
Muscular (paired)

Question 7

which is the only unpaired triangle in anterior triangle?

Answer 7

submental

Question 8

what are the borders of the submental triangle? (lateral, base, apex, floor)

Answer 8

Lateral-anterior bellies of digastric muscles
Base-body of hyoid bone
Apex-symphysis of mandible
Floor-mylohyoid muscles

Question 9

what are the contents of the submental triangle?

Answer 9

submental lymph nodes

Question 10

what are the borders of the submandibular triangle? (anterior/posterior, superior, floor)

Answer 10

Anterior/posterior-anterior & posterior bellies of digastric
Superior-inferior border of mandible
Floor-mylohyoid & hyoglossus muscles, middle pharyngeal constrictor

Question 11

what are the contents of the submandibular triangle?

Answer 11

“Hypo SNiFS”
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Submandibular gland
Nerve to mylohyoid (branch of trigeminal, CN V)
Facial artery-deep to submandibular gland (vein superficial)
Stylohyoid muscle

Question 12

what are the borders of the carotid triangle? (anterior, posterior, superior)

Answer 12

Anterior-superior belly of omohyoid
Posterior-anterior border of SCM
Superior-posterior belly of digastric

Question 13

what are the contents of the carotid triangle?

Answer 13

“3 Carotid, Bloody Receptive VAJ”
Carotid Arteries: Common, external, & internal
Carotid sinus-dilation of proximal ICA
Carotid body
BaroReceptor & ChemoReceptor
Vagus nerve (CN X)- deep between artery and vein
Ansa cervicalis loop- motor to 3/4 infrahyoid muscles
Jugular Vein (internal)

Question 14

what are the borders of the muscular triangle? (medial, superolateral, inferolateral)

Answer 14

Medial-midline of neck
Superolateral-superior belly of omohyoid
Inferolateral-anterior border of SCM

Question 15

what are the contents of the muscular triangles?

Answer 15

infrahyoid muscles

viscera of neck

Question 16

where are the suprahyoid muscles located? what do they do/form?

Answer 16

Superior to hyoid
Attach hyoid to cranium, elevate hyoid & larynx
Form floor of mouth & support tongue

Question 17

what are the 4 suprahyoid muscles? what are they named for?

Answer 17

-mylohyoid
-geniohyoid
-stylohyoid
-digastric
“top down” names: from superior attachment- down

Question 18

what are the 4 infrahyoid muscles? what are they named for?

Answer 18

-sternohyoid
-sternothyroid
-omohyoid
-thyrohyoid
“bottom up” names: from inferior attachment - up

Question 19

what do the infrahyoid muscles do?

Answer 19

“Strap muscles”
Attach hyoid to manubrium, clavicle, & scapula,
Depress hyoid & larynx

Question 20

mylohyoid: O, I, In

Answer 20

O-inner mandibular body
I-body of hyoid, midline
Nerve to mylohyoid (branch of CN V)

Question 21

geniohyoid: O,I,In

Answer 21

O-inner mandibular apex
I-body of hyoid
Ventral ramus of C1

Question 22

what muscle is deep to mylohyoid?

Answer 22

geniohyoid

Question 23

stylohyoid: O,I,In

Answer 23

O-styloid process
I-body of hyoid
(Wraps around posterior digastric)
Stylohyoid branch of CN VII

Question 24

what muscle wraps around posterior digastric?

Answer 24

stylohyoid

Question 25

the digastric muscle has anterior/posterior bellies joined by what?

Answer 25

joined by intermediate tendon | Separate embryo origins

Question 26

digastric muscle: O,I, In

Answer 26

O-inferior mandibular apex (anterior); mastoid process (posterior) I-sling at body of hyoid, allows intermediate tendon to slide Anterior-nerve to mylohyoid (branch of CN V) Posterior-digastric branch of CN VII

Question 27

sternohyoid: O,I,In

Answer 27

O-manubrium I-body of hyoid Ansa cervicalis

Question 28

what are the "bellies" of the omohyoid and what are they joined by?

Answer 28

Superior/inferior bellies, joined by intermediate tendon

Question 29

omohyoid: O,I, In

Answer 29

O-body of hyoid (superior); superior border of scapula (inferior) I-sling arising from clavicle, allows intermediate tendon to slide Ansa cervicalis

Question 30

what are the infrahyoid muscles divided into? what is in each group?

Answer 30

superficial: sternohyoid & omohyoid Deep: sternoTHYROID, THYROhyoid

Question 31

sternothyroid: O,I,In

Answer 31

O-manubrium I-thyroid cartilage Ansa cervicalis

Question 32

Thyrohyoid: O,I, In

Answer 32

O-thyroid cartilage I-body of hyoid Ventral ramus of C1

Question 33

right and left common carotid arteries originate from where?

Answer 33

R originates from brachiocephalic truck | L originates from aortic arch

Question 34

common carotids: ascend to level of what? enclosed in what? terminate as what?

Answer 34

Ascend to level of superior border of thyroid cartilage Enclosed in carotid sheath Terminate as internal & external carotids

Question 35

which carotid has branches in the neck?

Answer 35

external: it has 6 (1 middle, 2 posterior, 3 anterior) | internal has none

Question 36

what is the main artery of the brain and orbits?

Answer 36

internal carotid

Question 37

internal carotid arteries enter the cranium via what?

Answer 37

Enter cranium via carotid canal of temporal bones

Question 38

what does the external carotid artery terminate as? where?

Answer 38

Terminate as maxillary & superficial temporal arteries within parotid gland

Question 39

what are the 6 branches of the external carotid artery in the neck?

Answer 39

``` ascending pharyngeal occipital posterior auricular superior thyroid lingual facial "wash you external carotids with facial/lingual SOAP" ```

Question 40

which is the only medial branch of the external carotid artery?

Answer 40

ascending pharyngeal

Question 41

what are the 2 posterior branches of the external carotid?

Answer 41

occipital and posterior auricular

Question 42

what are the 3 anterior branches of the external carotid? in what order are they? (inferior to superior)

Answer 42

1st: superior thyroid 2nd: lingual 3rd: facial

Question 43

which branch of the external artery Passes superficial to ICA & CN IX-XI and is at the Apex of posterior triangle?

Answer 43

occipital

Question 44

which branch of the external carotid artery is the last prior to terminal branches? (on the posterior side)

Answer 44

posterior auricular artery

Question 45

the superior thyroid artery gives off what artery?

Answer 45

superior laryngeal

Question 46

the facial artery may share a common trunk with what other artery?

Answer 46

lingual

Question 47

external jugular vein: forms where? crosses what in its descent? pierces what? empties into what?

Answer 47

Form near angle of mandible Crosses SCM in descent Pierces investing fascia posterior to SCM Empties into subclavian vein

Question 48

what muscle is the external jugular vein deep to?

Answer 48

platysma

Question 49

the ANTERIOR jugular vein: formed where? descends between what two things? empties into what?

Answer 49

Form near hyoid Descend between SCM & midline Empties into EJV or subclavian vein

Question 50

variable communicating veins between ___ and ____

Answer 50

AJV and EJV

Question 51

internal jugular vein: begins where? descends in what? passes deep to what?

Answer 51

Begins at jugular foramen of temporal bone Descends in carotid sheath Passes deep to SCM

Question 52

carotid sheath: what structures are medial, lateral and posterior?

Answer 52

Artery medial Vein lateral Nerve posterior

Question 53

the INTERNAL jugular vein is accesible via what?

Answer 53

Accessible via lesser supraclavicular fossa

Question 54

the INTERNAL jugular vein merges with what?

Answer 54

Merges with subclavian vein to form brachiocephalic vein

Question 55

the superior and middle thyroid veins are tributaries of what?

Answer 55

IJV

Question 56

what are the 4 nerves in the anterior triangle?

Answer 56

- transverse cervical - ansa cervicalis - hypoglossal - vagus

Question 57

trans. cervical nerve is from C_ -C_ of the cervical plexus loop. what does it supply?

Answer 57

C2-C3 cervical plexus loop | Sensory-skin

Question 58

ansa cervicalis is from what levels of the cerivcal plexus loop? what does it supply?

Answer 58

C1-C2, C2-C3 cervical plexus loops | Motor branches-supply 3 of the 4 infrahyoid muscles

Question 59

hypoglossal nerve: descends between what two structures? deep to what?

Answer 59

Descends between ECA & IJV | Deep to posterior belly of digastric

Question 60

hypoglossal nerve supplies what?

Answer 60

motor- muscles of tongue

Question 61

vagus nerve runs with what in the anterior triangle? what does it supply?

Answer 61

Carotid sheath with carotids & IJV | supply: Pharyngeal/laryngeal muscles

Question 62

the deep neurovasc of the neck pass through the ____ of the neck

Answer 62

"root"