Head & Neck

Question 1

Which structures does the pre tracheal and buccopharyngeal fascia envelop?

Answer 1

Thyroid gland
Oesophagus
Infrahyoid muscles (strap muscles)
Larynx
Pharynx

(not SCM or Suprahyoid muscles)

Question 2

Which muscles are innervated by the facial nerve?

Answer 2

Platysma
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oris
Occipofrontalis

Question 3

Which nerve innervates temporalis?

Answer 3

Trigeminal nerve (muscle of mastication)

Question 4

What are the muscles of mastication

Answer 4

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid

Question 5

What are the branches of the ECA?

Answer 5

Superficial temporal
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Occipital artery
Posterior auricular
Maxillary
Superior thyroid

Question 6

Which structures does the ICA pass through extracranially?

Answer 6

Petrous part of the temporal bone
Carotid canal
Carotid sheath

Question 7

Which in the adult skull relates to the site of the anterior fontanelle in the infant skull?

Answer 7

Bregma

Question 8

What sits directly below the superior sagittal sinus?

Answer 8

Falx cerebri

Question 9

What dural venous sinus is found within the middle cranial fossa?

Answer 9

Cavernous sinus

Question 10

What does the forebrain consist of?

Answer 10

Cerebrum (lobes and their associated cortex)
Diencephalon (hypothalamus and thalamus)

Question 11

Which signs may develop with a cavernous sinus thrombosis?

Answer 11

Ptosis
Diplopia
Oribital oedema

Question 12

What are emissary veins?

Answer 12

Connect scalp veins in the dense connective tissue to dural venous sinuses

Question 13

What can bleeding within the loose connective tissue cause?

Answer 13

Periorbital eccymoses

Question 14

Where do the blood vessels supplying the scalp run?

Answer 14

Superficial to the epicranial aponeurosis

Question 15

What are the parasympathetic functions of the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 15

Innervation of the sphincter pupillae
Innervation of the cillary body

Question 16

What structures do you find in the hindbrain?

Answer 16

Pons
Medulla
Cerebellum

Question 17

What 2 CN are involved in the corneal reflex?

Answer 17

CN Va - afferent
CN VII - efferent

Question 18

How will a patient present with a facial nerve lesion?

Answer 18

Altered taste
Difficulty closing the eye
Dry mouth

Question 19

The muscles found within the eyelid receive innervation from which nerves?

Answer 19

Sympathetic nerves
Facial nerves
Oculomotor nerve

Question 20

Give the functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve.

Answer 20

Parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland
Sensory to the middle ear
Sensory from the carotid body and sinus
Motor to stylopharyngeus

Question 21

Which structures does the conjunctiva line?

Answer 21

Upper and lower eyelid
Sclera

Question 22

Which structures does the conjunctiva not line?

Answer 22

Lens and cornea

Question 23

Which nerves carry general somatic sensation from the external ear?

Answer 23

Cervical nerve (C2)
Mandibular Division of CN V
CN X

Question 24

What are the functions of the vagus nerve ?

Answer 24

Motor to the larynx
Motor to the pharynx
Motor to the soft palate
Parasympathetic innervation to the stomach muscles
Parasympathetic innervation to the heart

Question 25

How should the pinna be moved when performing otoscopy and why?

Answer 25

Pulled backwards and up (straightens the external acoustic meatus)

Question 26

What microorganisms are most likely to cause otitis externa?

Answer 26

1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (most common) 2. Haemophilus Influenza

Question 27

What bone would a surgeon need to drill through to gain access to a prolactinoma?

Answer 27

Sphenoid

Question 28

What drains tears from the conjuctival sac directly into the nasal cavity?

Answer 28

Nasolacrimal duct

Question 29

What structures lie directly next to the nasal cavity?

Answer 29

Anterior cranial fossa Lacrimal apparatus (so eye/orbit) Paranasal air sinuses Nasopharynx

Question 30

Which bones form the roof of the nasal cavity?

Answer 30

Nasal Spheniod Frontal Cribriform plate of the ethmoid

Question 31

Which bones form the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 31

Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid Vomer

Question 32

The mucosa lining the INFRAGLOTTIS is innervated by which nerve?

Answer 32

Recurent Laryngeal Nerve

Question 33

The thyroid isthmus crosses over the resp tract at what level?

Answer 33

Tracheal rings

Question 34

The mucosa lining the supraglottis is innervated by which nerve?

Answer 34

Internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve