Head & Neck Anatomy Flashcards by Gavin Kallabat

Which of the following occurs when the blastula contacts the endometrium?

A. Fertilization

B. Zygote

C. Morula

D. Blastula

E. Implantation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following occurs when sperm and egg unite in the Fallopian tube?

A. Fertilization

B. Zygote

C. Morula

D. Blastula

E. Implantation

A. Fertilization

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following refers to a ball of cells that is the result of cleavage?

A. Fertilization

B. Zygote

C. Morula

D. Blastula

E. Implantation

C. Morula

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following refers to the initial diploid cell?

A. Fertilization

B. Zygote

C. Morula

D. Blastula

E. Implantation

B. Zygote

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

_______ refers to the ball of cells once it develops a cavity called a blastocoel.

A. Fertilization

B. Zygote

C. Morula

D. Blastula

E. Implantation

D. Blastula

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following refers to the outer cell mass that will form the placenta?

A. Embryoblast

B. Trophoblast

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following refers to the inner cell mass that will form the embryo proper?

A. Embryoblast

B. Trophoblast

A. Embryoblast

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All of the following are associated with the first week of embryology EXCEPT:

A. Gastrulation

B. Zygote

C. Morula

D. Blastula

E. Implantation

A. Gastrulation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Discuss the 2nd week of embryology in regards to each of the following:

Inner cell mass becomes a bilaminar disc that consists of an _______ and ________.
_______ = 3 germ layers
_______ = disappears
_______ and _______ form in the 2nd week.
Primitive node and primitive streak on the dorsal side of the embryo identifies the caudal ________.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What major thing occurs in the 3rd week known as the Embryonic Period?

Gastrulation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Discuss the Embryonic Period in regards to the 3rd week of embryology:

________ refers to transition form single sheet of cells to 3 distinct germ layers.
What are those three layers?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following gives forms tooth enamel?

A. Surface Ectoderm

B. Mesoderm

C. Neural crest

D. Endoderm

A. Surface Ectoderm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following gives rise to the other components of tooth (everything except enamel)?

A. Surface Ectoderm

B. Mesoderm

C. Neural crest

D. Endoderm

C. Neural crest

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The Endoderm gives rise to all of the following EXCEPT?

A. Red blood cells

B. Lung cells (alveolar)

C. Thyroid cells

D. Digestive cells

A. Red blood cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following does the Ectoderm give rise to?

A. Cardiac muscle

B. Skeletal muscle

C. Pigment cells

D. Tubule cells

E. Smooth muscle

C. Pigment cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Review the 3rd week in embryology in regards to each of the following:

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The Phayngeal Arches are a series of externally visible anterior tissue bands lying under the early brain that give rise to _____ and _____ structures.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is known as the primitive ear?

A. Stomodeum

B. Optic placode

C. Otic placode

D. Blastopore

C. Otic placode

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is known as the primitive anus?

A. Stomodeum

B. Optic placode

C. Otic placode

D. Blastopore

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is known as the primitive eye?

A. Stomodeum

B. Optic placode

C. Otic placode

D. Blastopore

B. Optic placode

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is known as the primitive oral cavity?

A. Stomodeum

B. Optic placode

C. Otic placode

D. Blastopore

A. Stomodeum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The Pharyngeal arches contain each of the following EXCEPT:

A. An internal endodermal pouch

B. A mesenchymal core (mesoderm and neural crest w/ artery, nerve, muscle and cartilage)

C. An external Ectodermal cleft

D. Pharyngeal arches contain all of the above

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pharyngeal arch 2 (hyoid arch) gives rise to which of the following?

A. Maxilla

B. Mandible

C. Meckel’s cartilage

D. Reichert’s cartilage

E. Incus

***HIGH YIELD BOARDS***

D. Reichert’s cartilage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following gives rise to Meckel’s cartilage?

A. Pharyngeal arch 1

B. Pharyngeal arch 2

C. Pharyngeal arch 3

D. Pharyngeal arch 4

E. Pharyngeal arch 6

***HIGH YIELD BOARDS***

A. Pharyngeal arch 1

Pharyngeal arch 1 = Meckel’s cartilage

Pharyngeal arch 2 = Reichert’s cartilage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following gives rise to **Cricoid cartilage**? A. Pharyngeal arch 1 B. Pharyngeal arch 2 C. Pharyngeal arch 3 D. Pharyngeal arch 4 E. Pharyngeal arch 6 **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

E. Pharyngeal arch 6

Which of the following gives rise to **Thyroid cartilage**? A. Pharyngeal arch 1 B. Pharyngeal arch 2 C. Pharyngeal arch 3 D. Pharyngeal arch 4 E. Pharyngeal arch 6 **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

D. Pharyngeal arch 4

Which of the following gives rise to the **maxilla**, **mandible**, and **malleus**? A. Pharyngeal arch 1 B. Pharyngeal arch 2 C. Pharyngeal arch 3 D. Pharyngeal arch 4 E. Pharyngeal arch 6 **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

A. Pharyngeal arch 1 note: the Mandibular arch (pharyngeal arch 1) gives rise to all of the **M's**

Which of the following gives rise to the **muscles of mastication**? A. Pharyngeal arch 1 B. Pharyngeal arch 2 C. Pharyngeal arch 3 D. Pharyngeal arch 4 E. Pharyngeal arch 6 **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

A. Pharyngeal arch 1

Which of the following gives rise to the **muscles of facial expression**? A. Pharyngeal arch 1 B. Pharyngeal arch 2 C. Pharyngeal arch 3 D. Pharyngeal arch 4 E. Pharyngeal arch 6 **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

B. Pharyngeal arch 2 Arch 1 = MOM Arch 2 - MFE

Which of the following gives rise to the **Laryngeal muscles**? A. Pharyngeal arch 1 B. Pharyngeal arch 2 C. Pharyngeal arch 3 D. Pharyngeal arch 4 E. Pharyngeal arch 6 **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

E. Pharyngeal arch 6

Which of the following gives rise to the **Stylopharyngeus muscles**? A. Pharyngeal arch 1 B. Pharyngeal arch 2 C. Pharyngeal arch 3 D. Pharyngeal arch 4 E. Pharyngeal arch 6 **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

C. Pharyngeal arch 3

Which of the following gives rise to the **Stylohoid ligament**? A. Pharyngeal arch 1 B. Pharyngeal arch 2 C. Pharyngeal arch 3 D. Pharyngeal arch 4 E. Pharyngeal arch 6 **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

B. Pharyngeal arch 2 Note: **Pharyngeal arch 2** is known as the **_hyoid_** arch = Stylo**_hyoid_** ligament

Which of the following gives rise to the **Sphenomandibular ligament**? A. Pharyngeal arch 1 B. Pharyngeal arch 2 C. Pharyngeal arch 3 D. Pharyngeal arch 4 E. Pharyngeal arch 6 **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

A. Pharyngeal arch 1 Note: Pharyngeal **arch 1** is known as the **_mandibular_** **_arch_** = Spheno**_mandibular_** ligament

Which of the following gives rise to the **_lower half_ of hyoid body and _greater_ horns**? A. Pharyngeal arch 1 B. Pharyngeal arch 2 C. Pharyngeal arch 3 D. Pharyngeal arch 4 E. Pharyngeal arch 6 **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

C. Pharyngeal arch 3

Which of the following gives rise to the **_upper half_ of hyoid body and _lesser_ horns**? A. Pharyngeal arch 1 B. Pharyngeal arch 2 C. Pharyngeal arch 3 D. Pharyngeal arch 4 E. Pharyngeal arch 6 **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

B. Pharyngeal arch 2 Pharyngeal arch 2 = upper half of hyoid Pharyngeal arch 3 = lower half of hyoid

Which of the following gives rise to the **_posterior_ digastric muscle**? A. Pharyngeal arch 1 B. Pharyngeal arch 2 C. Pharyngeal arch 3 D. Pharyngeal arch 4 E. Pharyngeal arch 6 **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

B. Pharyngeal arch 2

Which of the following gives rise to the **_anterior_ digastric muscle**? A. Pharyngeal arch 1 B. Pharyngeal arch 2 C. Pharyngeal arch 3 D. Pharyngeal arch 4 E. Pharyngeal arch 6 **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

A. Pharyngeal arch 1 Arch 1 = Anterior digastric Arch 2 = Posterior digastric

Which of the following gives rise to the **tensor** veil palatini and **tensor** tympani? A. Pharyngeal arch 1 B. Pharyngeal arch 2 C. Pharyngeal arch 3 D. Pharyngeal arch 4 E. Pharyngeal arch 6 **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

A. Pharyngeal arch 1 Note: pharyngeal arch 1 is innervated by **CN V = all tensors**

Which of the following is associated w/ **CN V**? A. Pharyngeal arch 1 B. Pharyngeal arch 2 C. Pharyngeal arch 3 D. Pharyngeal arch 4 E. Pharyngeal arch 6 **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

A. Pharyngeal arch 1

Which of the following is associated w/ **CN VII**? A. Pharyngeal arch 1 B. Pharyngeal arch 2 C. Pharyngeal arch 3 D. Pharyngeal arch 4 E. Pharyngeal arch 6 **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

B. Pharyngeal arch 2 Note: CN 5, 7, 9, 10

Which of the following is associated w/ **CN IX**? A. Pharyngeal arch 1 B. Pharyngeal arch 2 C. Pharyngeal arch 3 D. Pharyngeal arch 4 E. Pharyngeal arch 6 **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

C. Pharyngeal arch 3 Note: CN 5, 7, 9, 10

Which of the following is associated w/ **CN X**? A. Pharyngeal arch 1 B. Pharyngeal arch 2 C. Pharyngeal arch 3 D. Pharyngeal arch 4 E. Pharyngeal arch 6 **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

D. Pharyngeal arch 4 E. Pharyngeal arch 6 Note: CN 5, 7, 9, 10

**Pharyngeal Arch 2** gives rise to each of the following EXCEPT: A. Styloid B. Stapes C. Stapedius D. Malleus **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

**D. Malleus** **Arch 1 = malleus and incus** **Arch 2 = Styloid, Stapes, Stapedius**

Which of the following gives rise to **cricothyroid, levator veli palatini, palatoglossus, and pharyngeal constrictor muscles**? A. Pharyngeal arch 1 B. Pharyngeal arch 2 C. Pharyngeal arch 3 D. Pharyngeal arch 4 E. Pharyngeal arch 6 **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

D. Pharyngeal arch 4

**Pharyngeal Arch 4** gives rise to all of the following muscles EXCEPT: A. Cricothyroid muscle B. Levator veli palatini C. Palatoglossus muscle D. Tensor veli palatini E. Pharyngeal constrictor muscle **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

D. Tensor veli palatini

Discuss **Pharyngeal Arch 1** in regards to each of the following: * What is another name for Pharyngeal arch 1? * What cranial nerve is associated w/ Pharyngeal arch 1? * What skeleton/cartilage does Pharyngeal arch 1 give rise to? * What muscles do pharyngeal arch 1 give rise to? * What ligament does pharyngeal arch 1 give rise to? **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

Discuss **Pharyngeal Arch 2** in regards to each of the following: * What is another name for Pharyngeal arch 2? * What cranial nerve is associated w/ Pharyngeal arch 2? * What skeleton/cartilage does Pharyngeal arch 2 give rise to? * What muscles do pharyngeal arch 2 give rise to? * What ligament does pharyngeal arch 2 give rise to? **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

Discuss **Pharyngeal Arch 3** in regards to each of the following: * What cranial nerve is associated w/ Pharyngeal arch 3? * What skeleton/cartilage does Pharyngeal arch 3 give rise to? * What muscles do pharyngeal arch 3 give rise to? **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

Discuss **Pharyngeal Arch 4** in regards to each of the following: What cranial nerve is associated w/ Pharyngeal arch 4? What skeleton/cartilage does Pharyngeal arch 4 give rise to? What muscles do pharyngeal arch 4 give rise to? **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

Discuss **Pharyngeal Arch 6** in regards to each of the following: What cranial nerve is associated w/ Pharyngeal arch 6? What skeleton/cartilage does Pharyngeal arch 6 give rise to? What muscles do pharyngeal arch 6 give rise to? **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

What week do the pharyngeal arches arise? A. Week 2 B. Week 3 C. Week 4 D. Week 5

C. Week 4

Each of the following arches are associated w/ the **Cervical Sinus Cleft** EXCEPT: A. Pharyngeal arch 1 B. Pharyngeal arch 2 C. Pharyngeal arch 3 D. Pharyngeal arch 4

A. Pharyngeal arch 1

Which of the following arches give rise to the **External Auditory Meatus (EAM)** Cleft? A. Pharyngeal arch 1 B. Pharyngeal arch 2 C. Pharyngeal arch 3 D. Pharyngeal arch 4

A. Pharyngeal arch 1

Which of the following is associated w/ **pharyngeal arch 1**? A. Trigeminal ganglion B. Geniculate ganglion C. Inferior sensory ganglion of CN IX D. Inferior sensory ganglion of CN X

A. Trigeminal ganglion Note: remember 5, 7, 9, 10

Which of the following is associated w/ **pharyngeal arch 3**? A. Trigeminal ganglion B. Geniculate ganglion C. Inferior sensory ganglion of CN X D. Inferior sensory ganglion of CN IX

D. Inferior sensory ganglion of CN IX

Which of the following is associated w/ **pharyngeal arch 2**? A. Trigeminal ganglion B. Geniculate ganglion C. Inferior sensory ganglion of CN X D. Inferior sensory ganglion of CN IX

B. Geniculate ganglion

Which of the following is associated w/ **pharyngeal arch 4**? A. Trigeminal ganglion B. Geniculate ganglion C. Inferior sensory ganglion of CN X D. Inferior sensory ganglion of CN IX

C. Inferior sensory ganglion of CN X

**Pharyngeal arch 2** is associated w/ which of the following? A. Eustachian tube and tympanic cavity B. Inferior parathyroids and thymus C. Palatine tonsil D. Superior parathyroids and ultimobranchial body (parafollicular cells of thyroid)

C. Palatine tonsil

**Pharyngeal arch 3** is associated w/ which of the following? A. Eustachian tube and tympanic cavity B. Inferior parathyroids and thymus C. Palatine tonsil D. Superior parathyroids and ultimobranchial body (parafollicular cells of thyroid)

B. Inferior parathyroids and thymus

**Pharyngeal arch 1** is associated w/ which of the following? A. Eustachian tube and tympanic cavity B. Inferior parathyroids and thymus C. Palatine tonsil D. Superior parathyroids and ultimobranchial body (parafollicular cells of thyroid)

A. Eustachian tube and tympanic cavity

**Pharyngeal arch 4** is associated w/ which of the following? A. Eustachian tube and tympanic cavity B. Inferior parathyroids and thymus C. Palatine tonsil D. Superior parathyroids and ultimobranchial body (parafollicular cells of thyroid)

D. Superior parathyroids and ultimobranchial body (parafollicular cells of thyroid)

When does the **Pituitary gland** begin forming? A. Week 2 B. Week 3 C. Week 4 D. Week 5

C. Week 4

Which of the following gives rise to the **anterior pituitary**? A. Forebrain B. Diencephalon C. Rathke's pouch D. All of the above

C. Rathke's pouch

All of the following are involved with the formation of the **posterior pituitary** EXCEPT: A. Stomodeum B. Forebrain C. Diencephalon D. All of the above

A. Stomodeum

All of the following arise in the **4th week** of embryology EXCEPT: A. Tongue B. Ear C. Thyroid gland D. Pituitary gland

B. Ear Ear = week 6

Which of the following provides sensory, taste and motor innervation to the base of the tongue? A. CN V B. CN VII C. CN IX D. CN X E. CN XII

D. CN X

Which of the following provides **taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue**? A. CN V B. CN VII C. CN IX D. CN X E. CN XII

B. CN VII

Which of the following provides **_taste_ and sensory to the _posterior 1/3_ of the tongue**? A. CN V B. CN VII C. CN IX D. CN X E. CN XII

C. CN IX

All of the following cranial nerves provide **sensory** innervation to the **tongue** EXCEPT: A. CN V B. CN VII C. CN IX D. CN X **\*\*\*GOT A PRACTICE Q - DENTAL MASTERY\*\*\***

B. CN VII

Which of the following cranial nerves provides **sensory** innervation to the **anterior 2/3 of the tongue**? A. CN V B. CN VII C. CN IX D. CN X

A. CN V

Which of the following cranial nerves provides **sensory** innervation to the **posterior 1/3 of the tongue**? A. CN V B. CN VII C. CN IX D. CN X

C. CN IX

Discuss the **Thyroid gland** in regards to embryology: * What week does the Thyroid form? * Descends through the neck carrying with it the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which connects to the ______ of the tongue. * An undescended thyroid may sit at the base of the tongue as a __________ (hint: from oral path section)

Discuss the **Ear** in regards to embryology: * What week does the ear form? * Ear develops from 6 auricular hillocks from which two pharyngeal arches? * Retinoic acid (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_) can cause first and second arch defects. * What are those two defects?

Review **Cleft Lip and Palate** in regards to the embryology section? * How many weeks in utero is associated w/ cleft lip? * MMP and MP \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. * How many weeks in utero is associated w/ cleft palate? * MMP and MP \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Discuss **DiGeorge Syndrome** in regards to each of the following: * What does each letter in the acronym **CATCH 22** refer to?

Review the **Skull** in regards to each of the following: * **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ forms the anterior skull, _________ forms the posterior skull.** * **Bones of the skull can be divided into those of the ______ and the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** * There's a lot more information about the skull, just read through it.

Discuss the **Cranium/Neurocranium** in regards to each of the following: * **Subdivided anatomically into a _____ and a \_\_\_\_\_.** * There's more information, just read through it...

Review the **Face/Vicerocranium**:

Discuss **Fontanelles** in regards to each of the following: * What are Fontanelles? * **Frontal Fontanelle** = ? * **Occipital Fontanelle** = ?

Which of the following sutures **fuses both parietal bones**? A. Frontal/metopic suture B. Coronal suture C. Sagittal suture D. Squamous suture E. Lambdoid suture

C. Sagittal suture

Which of the following sutures **fuses parietal bone with the temporal bone**? ## Footnote A. Frontal/metopic suture B. Coronal suture C. Sagittal suture D. Squamous suture E. Lambdoid suture

**D. Squamous suture**

Which of the following sutures **fuses frontal bone with two parietal bones**? A. Frontal/metopic suture B. Coronal suture C. Sagittal suture D. Squamous suture E. Lambdoid suture

B. Coronal suture

Which of the following sutures **fuses the occipital bone with two parietal bones**? A. Frontal/metopic suture B. Coronal suture C. Sagittal suture D. Squamous suture E. Lambdoid suture

E. Lambdoid suture

Which of the following sutures **closes within 3-9 months after birth**? A. Frontal/metopic suture B. Coronal suture C. Sagittal suture D. Squamous suture E. Lambdoid suture

A. Frontal/metopic suture

Which of the following is where the **coronal and sagittal sutures intersect**? A. Lambda B. Coronal suture C. Bregma D. Squamous suture E. Lambdoid suture

C. Bregma

Which of the following is where the **sagittal and lambdoid sutures intersect**? A. Lambda B. Coronal suture C. Bregma D. Squamous suture E. Lambdoid suture

A. Lambda

Which of the following is caused by **early closure of coronal and lambdoid sutures on both sides of skull**? A. Scaphocephaly B. Brachycephaly C. Plaqgiocephaly D. All of the above

B. Brachycephaly

Which of the following is caused by early **closure of coronal and lambdoid sutures on one side of the skull**? A. Scaphocephaly B. Brachycephaly C. Plagiocephaly D. All of the above

C. Plagiocephaly

Which of the following is caused by early closure of the **saggital suture**? A. Scaphocephaly B. Brachycephaly C. Plaqgiocephaly D. All of the above

A. Scaphocephaly

The primary function of sinuses is to ______ of the front of the skull.

**Reduce weight**

Review the **mandible** in regards to anatomy: * **Because the ______ of the mandible adapts to changes in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, the angle varies with age-related changes in dentition.** * There's more info, just read through it...

Principle lines of fracture (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_) are the weakest areas of the skull and are common sites for fractures.

What are the 7 bones of the **Orbit**? **Hint: "FLaME SPaZ"** **\*\*\*BOARDS\*\*\***

**_FLaME SPaZ_** * Frontal * Lacrimal * Maxillary * Ethmoid * Sphenoid * Palatine * Zygomatic

All of the following are bones of the **Ethmoid** bone EXCEPT: A. Sella turcica B. Crista galli C. Uncinate process D. Cribiform plate E. Superior and middle nasal conchae

A. Sella turcica

All of the following are bones of the **Sphenoid** bone EXCEPT: A. Sella turcica B. Clinoid process C. Lesser wing D. Greater wing E. Cribiform plate

**E. Cribiform plate**

Which of the ethmoid bones does **CN I pass through**? A. Crista galli B. Uncinate process C. Cribiform plate D. Superior and middle nasal conchae

C. Cribiform plate

Which of the ethmoid bones does the **falx cerebri of dura mater attach**? A. Crista galli B. Uncinate process C. Cribiform plate D. Superior and middle nasal conchae

A. Crista galli

Which of the ethmoid bones is a sickle-shaped extension that directs sinus drainage to the middle meatus? A. Crista galli B. Uncinate process C. Cribiform plate D. Superior and middle nasal conchae

B. Uncinate process

Which of the Sphenoid bones is part of the **anterior cranial fossa**? A. Sella turcica B. Clinoid processes C. Lesser wing D. Greater wing

**C. Lesser wing**

Which of the Sphenoid bones is part of the **middle cranial fossa**? A. Sella turcica B. Clinoid processes C. Lesser wing D. Greater wing

**D. Greater wing**

Which of the Sphenoid bones **houses the pituitary gland**? A. Sella turcica B. Clinoid processes C. Lesser wing D. Greater wing

**A. Sella turcica**

Which of the Sphenoid bones **surround the sella turcica and attaches to dura mater**? A. Crista galli B. Clinoid processes C. Lesser wing D. Greater wing

**B. Clinoid processes**

What are the 3 components of the **Nasal Septum**? **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD BOARDS\*\*\***

Which of the following is the opening to anterior and middle ethmoid sinuses, maxillary sinuses and frontal sinus through the **semilunar hiatus**? A. Superior Nasal meatus B. Middle nasal meatus C. Inferior nasal meatus **\*\*\*BOARDS\*\*\***

**B. Middle nasal meatus**

Which of the following is the opening to sphenoid sinus, posterior ethmoid sinus and sphenopalatine foramen? A. Superior Nasal meatus B. Middle nasal meatus C. Inferior nasal meatus

A. Superior Nasal meatus

Which of the following is associated with the nasolacrimal duct? A. Superior Nasal meatus B. Middle nasal meatus C. Inferior nasal meatus

C. Inferior nasal meatus

All of the following are associated with the Superior Nasal Meatus EXCEPT: A. Sphenoid sinus B. Posterior ethmoid sinus C. Anterior ethmoid sinus D. Sphenopalatine foramen

C. Anterior ethmoid sinus

Which of the following is associated w/ the **semilunar hiatus**? A. Superior Nasal meatus B. Middle nasal meatus C. Inferior nasal meatus **\*\*\*BOARDS\*\*\***

B. Middle nasal meatus

All of the following are associated w/ the **Middle Nasal Meatus** EXCEPT: A. Anterior ethmoid sinus B. Middle ethmoid sinus C. Maxillary sinus D. Frontal sinus E. Posterior ethmoid sinus

E. Posterior ethmoid sinus

\_\_\_\_\_\_ is an opening that allows vital structures to pass from one part of the body to another.

The Supraorbital nerve (V1), artery and vein pass through the supraorbital foramen of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Frontal B. Maxilla C. Mandible D. Ethmoid

A. Frontal

The infraorbital nerve (V2), artery and vein pass through the infraorbital foramen of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Frontal B. Maxilla C. Mandible D. Ethmoid

**B. Maxilla**

CN 1 passes through the Cribiform plate of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Frontal bone B. Maxilla C. Mandible D. Ethmoid bone

D. Ethmoid bone Note: baby's crib smells bad = CN 1 (olfactory nerve)

The mental nerve (V3), artery, vein passes through the mental foramen of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Frontal bone B. Maxilla C. Mandible D. Ethmoid bone

C. Mandible

Which of the following is associated with CN 1 (olfactory nerve)? A. Crista galli B. Supraorbital foramen C. Infraorbital foramen D. Cribiform plate

D. Cribiform plate Note: baby's crib smells bad = CN 1 (olfactory nerve)

Which of the following is associated w/ **CN V3**? A. Superior orbital fissure B. Foramen rotundum C. Foramen spinosum D. Foramen ovale

**D. Foramen ovale** **Hint: "Standing Room Only"**

Which of the following is associated w/ **CN V1**? A. Superior orbital fissure B. Foramen rotundum C. Foramen spinosum D. Foramen ovale E. Foramen lacerum

**A. Superior orbital fissure** **Hint: "Standing Room Only"**

Which of the following is associated w/ **CN V2**? A. Superior orbital fissure B. Foramen rotundum C. Foramen spinosum D. Foramen ovale E. Foramen lacerum

**B. Foramen rotundum** **Hint: "Standing Room Only"**

All of the following passes through the **optic canal** EXCEPT: A. CN II B. Ophthalmic artery C. Ophthalmic vein D. All of the above pass through the optic canal

C. Ophthalmic vein

Which of the following does the **middle meningeal artery** pass through? A. Optic canal B. Superior orbital fissure C. Foramen rotundum D. Foramen ovale E. Foramen spinosum

**E. Foramen spinosum**

Which of the following does the **lesser petrosal nerve** pass through? A. Foramen lacerum B. Superior orbital fissure C. Foramen rotundum D. Foramen ovale E. Foramen spinosum

D. Foramen ovale

Which of the following does the **greater petrosal and deep petrosal nerves** pass through? A. Foramen lacerum B. Superior orbital fissure C. Foramen rotundum D. Foramen ovale E. Foramen spinosum

**A. Foramen lacerum**

Which of the following does the **Vidian nerve** pass through? A. Foramen lacerum B. Superior orbital fissure C. Foramen rotundum D. Foramen ovale E. Foramen spinosum

**A. Foramen lacerum** **Greater petrosal + Deep petrosal = Vidian nerve**

All of the following pass through the **Superior Orbital Fissure** EXCEPT: A. CN III B. CN IV C. CN VI D. CN V1 E. All of the above pass through superior orbital fissure

E. All of the above pass through superior orbital fissure

Discuss the Temporal bone in regards to each of the following: * What artery passes through the Carotid canal? * What CN's pass through the internal auditory meatus? * What CN's pass through the jugular foramen?

Discuss the **Occipital bone** in regards to each of the following: * What CN passes through the Hypoglossal canal? * What passes through the Foramen magnum?

Discuss the **Pterygopalatine Fossa** in regards to each of the following: * Lateral surface ---\> opening? ---\> contents? * Medial Surface --\> border? --\> opening? --\> contents? * Superior surface --\> border? --\> opening? --\> contents? **\*\*\*BOARD LOVES\*\*\***

Discuss the **Pterygopalatine Fossa** in regards to each of the following: * Inferior surface ---\> opening? ---\> contents? * Anterior Surface --\> border? * Posterior surface --\> border? --\> opening? --\> contents? **\*\*\*BOARD LOVES\*\*\***

Which of the following surfaces of the Pterygopalatine Fossa borders the **maxilla**? A. Lateral surface B. Medial surface C. Superior surface D. Posterior surface E. Anterior surface **\*\*\*BOARD LOVES\*\*\***

E. Anterior surface

Which of the following surfaces of the Pterygopalatine Fossa contain the **Inferior orbital fissure** opening? A. Inferior surface B. Medial surface C. Superior surface D. Posterior surface E. Anterior surface **\*\*\*BOARD LOVES\*\*\***

C. Superior surface

Which of the following surfaces of the Pterygopalatine Fossa borders the **perpendicular plate of the palatine bone**? A. Inferior surface B. Medial surface C. Superior surface D. Posterior surface E. Anterior surface **\*\*\*BOARD LOVES\*\*\***

B. Medial surface

Which of the following surfaces of the Pterygopalatine Fossa borders the **Pyramidal process of the palatine bone**? A. Inferior surface B. Medial surface C. Superior surface D. Posterior surface E. Anterior surface **\*\*\*BOARD LOVES\*\*\***

A. Inferior surface

Which of the following surfaces of the Pterygopalatine Fossa borders the **Greater wing of sphenoid**? A. Inferior surface B. Medial surface C. Superior surface D. Posterior surface E. Anterior surface **\*\*\*BOARD LOVES\*\*\***

C. Superior surface

Which of the following surfaces of the Pterygopalatine Fossa borders the **Pterygoid process of sphenoid**? A. Inferior surface B. Medial surface C. Superior surface D. Posterior surface E. Anterior surface **\*\*\*BOARD LOVES\*\*\***

D. Posterior surface

All of the following are associated with the **anterior cranial fossa** EXCEPT: A. Frontal, ethmoid, lesser wing of sphenoid B. Lies over nasal cavity and orbit C. Greater wing of sphenoid and temporal lobes D. Houses frontal lobes

C. Greater wing of sphenoid and temporal lobes

Which of the following below is associated with the **middle cranial fossa?** A. Frontal, ethmoid, lesser wing of sphenoid B. Lies over nasal cavity and orbit C. Greater wing of sphenoid and temporal lobes D. Houses frontal lobes

C. Greater wing of sphenoid and temporal lobes

Which of the following houses the **brain stem** and **cerebellum**? A. Anterior cranial fossa B. Middle cranial fossa C. Posterior cranial fossa

C. Posterior cranial fossa

Which of the following houses the pituitary gland? A. Anterior cranial fossa B. Middle cranial fossa C. Posterior cranial fossa

B. Middle cranial fossa

Discuss **Fascia** in regards to each of the following: * Thin casing of _______ beneath the skin that surrounds and holds every organ, blood vessel, bone, nerve fiber and muscle in place: * Superficial fascia = ? * Deep fascia = ? * Visceral fascia = ?

Discuss Superficial Cervical Fascia in regards to each of the following: * Located between _______ and _______ fascia. * Surrounds ______ and _______ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Discuss **Deep Cervical Fascia** in regards to each of the following: * Investing = surrounds _____ and ______ muscles. * Visceral = surrounds ______ viscera. * Pretracheal = anterior/posterior? * Buccopharyngeal = anterior/posterior? * Prevertebral = surrounds ____ muscles, _______ plexus and _____ plexus? (3) * **Carotid sheath = surrounds what 4 things?**

Deep fascia encloses _______ spaces into which infections of dental origin can spread. Infection will always follow the path of least resistance (bone density, muscle attachment)

What are the 5 cardinal signs of infection?

Which of the following refers to **heat**? A. Dolor B. Tumor C. Calor D. Rubor E. Functio laesa

Which of the following refers to loss of function (trismus, dyspenea, dysphagia)? A. Dolor B. Tumor C. Calor D. Rubor E. Functio laesa

E. Functio laesa

Which of the following refers to **redness**? A. Dolor B. Tumor C. Calor D. Rubor E. Functio laesa

D. Rubor

Which of the following refers to **redness**? A. Dolor B. Tumor C. Calor D. Rubor E. Functio laesa

A. Dolor

Which of the following refers to **swelling**? A. Dolor B. Tumor C. Calor D. Rubor E. Functio laesa

B. Tumor

What are the 5 **vital** signs of infection?

Review Primary and Secondary Spaces:

What is another name for **Canine Space**?

**Infraorbital space**

**Premolars** and **molars** are associated with spread of infection to which of the following? A. Vestibular space B. Infraorbital space C. Periorbital space D. Buccal space

D. Buccal space

**Maxillary Canines and incisors** are associated with spread of infection to which of the following? A. Vestibular space B. Infraorbital space C. Periorbital space D. Buccal space

B. Infraorbital space

Which of the following is the **most common** site for spread of dental infections that break out of alveolar bone? A. Vestibular space B. Infraorbital space C. Periorbital space D. Buccal space

A. Vestibular space

Discuss **Vestibular Space** in regards to each of the following: * Lies between cortical bone and mucoperiosteum * Most _______ site for spread of dental infections that break out of alveolar bone. * Path of least resistance from a specific tooth is determined by ________ overlying site of infection and relationship of bone perforation to \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Discuss **Canine/Infraorbital Space** in regards to each of the following: * Lies between _______ and _______ muscles superficial to canine fossa of maxilla. * Infection presents with swelling of vestibule, upper lip and lower eye lid. * **What teeth are the usual dental source?**

Which of the following lies between the levator anguli oris and levator labii superioris muscles? A. Vestibular space B. Canine space/infraorbital space C. Periobital space D. Buccal space

B. Canine space/infraorbital space

Which of the following lies between the buccinator and skin? A. Vestibular space B. Canine space/infraorbital space C. Periobital space D. Buccal space

D. Buccal space

Which of the following lies between the **obicularis oculi and orbital septum**? A. Vestibular space B. Infraorbital space C. Periobital space D. Buccal space

C. Periobital space

Which of the following presents as swelling of the **cheek**? A. Vestibular space B. Infraorbital space C. Periobital space D. Buccal space

D. Buccal space

Which of the following presents as swelling of the **eyelid** and may obstruct vision? A. Vestibular space B. Infraorbital space C. Periobital space D. Buccal space

C. Periobital space

Which of the following presents as swelling of vestibule, upper lip and lower eyelid? A. Vestibular space B. Infraorbital space C. Periobital space D. Buccal space

B. Infraorbital space

Infection of **mandibular 2nd or 3rd molars** may spread to which of the following? A. Buccal space B. Sublingual space C. Submandibular space D. Submental space E. Canine Space

C. Submandibular space

Infection of **mandibular incisors, canines, premolars or 1st molars** whose roots are **above** attachment of **mylohyoid** may spread to which of the following? A. Buccal space B. Sublingual space C. Submandibular space D. Submental space E. Canine Space

B. Sublingual space

Infection of **mandibular incisors** may spread to which of the following? A. Buccal space B. Canine space C. Submandibular space D. Submental space

D. Submental space

Discuss **Ludwig's Angina** in regards to each of the following: * **Swelling in ________ spaces.** * Symptoms * Can spread to ______ via fascia spaces of the neck. **\*\*\*BOARDS\*\*\***

All of the following are true regarding **Ludwig's Angina** EXCEPT: A. Swelling in all perisublingual spaces B. Elevates the floor of the mouth C. Displaces tongue upwards and backwards D. Blocks oropharynx and can compromise the airway E. Can spread to mediastinum via fascial spaces of the neck **\*\*\*BOARDS\*\*\***

A. Swelling in all perisublingual spaces

All of the following are true regarding **Ludwig's Angina** EXCEPT: A. Swelling in all perimandibular spaces B. Elevates the floor of the mouth C. Displaces tongue downwards and forwards D. Blocks oropharynx and can compromise the airway E. Can spread to mediastinum via fascial spaces of the neck **\*\*\*BOARDS\*\*\***

C. Displaces tongue downwards and forwards

All of the following are true regarding **Ludwig's Angina** EXCEPT: A. Swelling in all perimandibular spaces B. Elevates the floor of the moth C. Displaces tongue upwards and posteriorly D. Is a unilateral swelling that is well defined and soft E. Can spread to mediastinum via fascial spaces of the neck **\*\*\*BOARDS\*\*\***

D. Is a unilateral swelling that is well defined and soft

All of the following are true regarding **Ludwig's Angina** EXCEPT: A. Swelling in all perimandibular spaces B. Elevates the floor of the moth C. Displaces tongue upwards and posteriorly D. Is a bilateral cellulitis E. All of the above are true **\*\*\*BOARDS\*\*\***

E. All of the above are true

Which of the following infections presents with a lateral **"hourglass"** facial swelling? A. Superficial and Deep temporal spaces B. Submasseteric/Masseteric space C. Pterygomandibular space D. Masticator space

A. Superficial and Deep temporal spaces

Which of the following space infections is usually caused by **maxillary 2nd and 3rd molars**? A. Superficial and Deep temporal spaces B. Submasseteric/Masseteric space C. Pterygomandibular space D. Masticator space

A. Superficial and Deep temporal spaces

Which of the following space infections is usually caused by **mandibular 3rd molars or a contaminated needle**? A. Superficial and Deep temporal spaces B. Submasseteric/Masseteric space C. Pterygomandibular space D. Masticator space

C. Pterygomandibular space

Which of the following space infections is usually caused by **impacted 3rd molars** and frequently involves **trismus**? A. Superficial and Deep temporal spaces B. Submasseteric/Masseteric space C. Pterygomandibular space D. Masticator space

B. Submasseteric/Masseteric space

Review the borders of the Masticator Space:

Which of the following space is at the highest risk for spreading to the mediastinum? A. Pharyngeal/Lateral Pharyngeal space B. Retropharyngeal space C. Submental space D. Parotid space

B. Retropharyngeal space

Review the **Pharyngeal/Lateral Pharyngeal space** in regards to each of the following: * Lies between ______ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. * What teeth usually spread infection to this space? * Why is it a high risk space?

Review the **Retropharyngeal space**:

Review the **Danger Space**:

Discuss the **Masseter** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action

Discuss the **Temporalis** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action

Discuss the **Medial Pterygoid** in regards to each of the following: * Origin (superficial and deep heads) * Insertion * Action

Discuss the **Lateral Pterygoid** in regards to each of the following: * Origin (superior and inferior heads) * Insertion (superior and inferior heads) * Action

Review each of the following Epicranial Muscles: * Occipitofrontalis

Review each of the following **smiling** muscles: * **Zygomaticus Major** * Zygomaticuas Minor * Obicularis Oculi * Levator Labii Superioris * Levator Anguli Oris * Risorius

Review each of the following **Frowning** Muscles: * Obicularis oris * Depressor Anguli Oris * Depressor Labii inferioris * Platysma * Mentalis * Corrugator Supercilii * Procerus * Obicularis Oculi

Discuss the **Buccinator** muscle in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * Pierced by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Discuss the **Submandibular Triangle** in regards to each of the following: * Formed by both \_\_\_\_\_. * Contains ______ gland, ______ lymph nodes, facial artery and vein, CN ____ and _____ nerve

Which of the following contains the **infrahyoid muscles**? A. Submandibular Triangle B. Submental Triangle C. Muscular Triangle D. Carotid Triangle E. Posterior Triangle

C. Muscular Triangle

Review each of the following: * **Submandibular Triangle** * **Submental Triangle** * **Muscular Triangle** * **Carotid Triangle** * **Posterior Triangle**

Which of the following contains CN XI? A. Submandibular Triangle B. Submental Triangle C. Muscular Triangle D. Carotid Triangle E. Posterior Triangle

E. Posterior Triangle

All of the following are **Suprahyoid** Muscles EXCEPT: A. Geniohyoid B. Mylohyoid C. Sternohyoid D. Posterior digastric E. Stylohyoid

C. Sternohyoid **Hint: google MAPS is super!**

Discuss the **Geniohyoid** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * Innervation

Discuss the **Mylohyoid** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * Innervation * forms the _____ of the mouth

Discuss the **Anterior Belly of Digastric** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * Innervation

Discuss the **Posterior Belly of Digastric** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * Innervation

Discuss the **Stylohyoid** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * Innervation

What are the 5 Suprahyoid Muscles?

What are the 4 **Infrahyoid** muscles?

"TOSS the strap"

Discuss the **Throhyoid** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * Innervation

Discuss the **Omohyoid** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * Innervation

Discuss the **Sternothyroid** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * Innervation

Discuss the **Sternohyoid** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * Innervation

The **Sternocleidomastoid** is innervated by which of the following cranial nerves? A. CN V B. CN IX C. CN XI D. CN XII

C. CN XI Note: the Trapezius is also innervated by CN XI

Discuss the **Sternocleidomastoid** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * Innervation

Discuss the **Trapezius** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * Innervation

(T/F) The Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid muscles are both innervated by CN X.

False

What are the 4 Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue?

"Hi, My tongue is a GPS"

Which of the following functions to alter the **position** of the tongue? A. Extrinsic muscles of the tongue B. Intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A. Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Which of the following functions to alter the **shape** of the tongue? A. Extrinsic muscles of the tongue B. Intrinsic muscles of the tongue

B. Intrinsic muscles of the tongue

All of the following muscles of the tongue are innervated by CN XII EXCEPT: A. Hyoglossus B. Genioglossus C. Styloglossus D. Palatoglossus E. Intrinsic muscles of the tongue

**D. Palatoglossus**

The **Palatoglossus** is innervated by which of the following cranial nerves? A. CN IX B. CN X C. CN XII D, CN XI

**B. CN X**

All of the following Infrahyoid muscles are innervated by **C1-C3** EXCEPT: A. Thyrohyoid B. Omohyoid C. Sternothyroid D. Sternohyoid

A. Thyrohyoid

Which of the following infrahyoid is innervated by **C1**? A. Sternohyoid B. Omohyoid C. Sternothyroid D. Thyrohyoid

D. Thyrohyoid

Discuss the **Thyrohyoid** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * Innervation

Discuss the **Hyoglossus** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * Innervation

Discuss the **Genioglossus** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * Innervation

Discuss the **Styloglossus** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * Innervation

Discuss the **Palatoglossus** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * **_Innervation_**

All of the following muscles of the Soft Palate are innervated by **CN X** EXCEPT: A. Palatopharyngeus B. Musculus Uvulae C. Tensor Veli Palatini D. Levator Veli palatini E. Salpingopharyngeus

C. Tensor Veli Palatini

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ tendon hooks around the **pterygoid hamulus** and forms the palatine aponeurosis across the soft palate. A. Palatopharyngeus B. Musculus Uvulae C. Tensor Veli Palatini D. Levator Veli palatini E. Salpingopharyngeus **\*\*\*BOARDS\*\*\***

C. Tensor Veli Palatini

Discuss the **Palatopharyngeus** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * Innervation

Discuss the **Musculus Uvulae** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * Innervation

Discuss the **Tensor Veli Palatini** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * Innervation * Its tendon hooks around the _______ and forms the palatine aponeurosis across the soft palate. **\*\*\*BOARDS\*\*\***

Discuss the **Levator Veli Palatini** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * Innervation

Discuss the **Salpingopharyngeus** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * Innervation

Discuss the **Outer Circular Layer** of the Pharynx in regards to each of the following: * What are the three muscles of this region and what cranial nerve innervates them? * What is these muscles function?

Discuss the **Inner Longitudinal Layer** in regards to each of the following: * What are the 3 muscles and what cranial nerve innervates them. * Function

Discuss the **Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * Innervation

All of the following are innervated by **CN X** EXCEPT: A. Salpingopharyngeus B. Palatopharyngeus C. Stylopharyngeus D. Posterior Cricoarytenoid E. Thyroarytenoid

**C. Stylopharyngeus (CN IX)**

Discuss the **Oblique and Transverse Arytenoids** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * Innervation

Discuss the **Cricothyroid** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * Innervation * Only laryngeal muscle innervated by _____ laryngeal nerve instead of ______ laryngeal nerve.

Discuss the **Thyroarytenoid** in regards to each of the following: * Origin * Insertion * Action * Innervation

The **Superior Oblique** muscle of the eye hooks around \_\_\_\_\_. **\*\*\*BOARDS\*\*\***

Which of the following muscles of the eye is innervated by CN VI? A. Superior oblique B. Inferior oblique C. Lateral rectus

C. Lateral rectus **Superior oblique = trochlear nerve (CN IV)** **Lateral Rectus = Abducens nerve (CN VI)**

Which of the following muscles of the eye is innervated by **CN IV**? A. Superior oblique B. Inferior oblique C. Lateral rectus

A. Superior oblique

All of the following muscles **Adducts** the eye EXCEPT: A. Lateral Rectus B. Inferior Rectus C. Medial Rectus D. Superior Rectus

A. Lateral Rectus

Which of the following muscles **Abducts** the eye? A. Lateral Rectus B. Inferior Rectus C. Medial Rectus D. Superior Rectus

A. Lateral Rectus

Which of the following causes **mydriasis** of the pupil? A. Ciliary muscle B. Sphincter Pupillae C. Dilator Pupillae

C. Dilator Pupillae ## Footnote Mydriasis = dilation

Which of the following causes **accommodation** for near vision? A. Ciliary muscle B. Sphincter Pupillae C. Dilator Pupillae

A. Ciliary muscle

Which of the following causes **miosis** of the pupil? A. Ciliary muscle B. Sphincter Pupillae C. Dilator Pupillae

B. Sphincter Pupillae Miosis = pupil constriction Mydriasis. = pupil dilation

(T/F) Women are better at shade matching because they contain more rod cells in the eye. **\*\*\*BOARDS\*\*\***

False

Review each of the following cranial nerves: * CN I * CN II * CN III * CN IV

Review each of the following cranial nerves: * CN V1 * CN V2 * CN V3

Review each of the following Cranial Nerves: * CN VI * CN VII * CN VIII * CN IV

Review each of the following Cranial Nerves: * CN X * CN XI * CN XII

Which of the following is innervated by CN IX? A. Parotid gland B. Submandibular gland C. Sublingual gland

A. Parotid gland Parotid = CN IX Submandibular = CN VII Sublingual - CN VII

Which of the following is associated with **Wharton's** duct? A. Parotid gland B. Submandibular gland C. Sublingual gland

B. Submandibular gland

What is the name of the Parotid glands duct?

**Stensen's duct**

Which of the following is associated with **Bartholin's** duct? A. Parotid gland B. Submandibular gland C. Sublingual gland

C. Sublingual gland

Which of the following contains **Mixed** secretions? A. Parotid gland B. Submandibular gland C. Sublingual gland

B. Submandibular gland

Which of the following contains **Mucous** secretions? A. Parotid gland B. Submandibular gland C. Sublingual gland

C. Sublingual gland

Which of the following contains **Serous** secretions? A. Parotid gland B. Submandibular gland C. Sublingual gland

A. Parotid gland

Discuss each of the following in regards to the Parotid, Submandibular and Sublingual glands: * Name of duct? * What type of secretion? * What cranial nerve?

Discuss each of the following in regards to **Lacrimal, Nasal, Palatine, and Pharyngeal glands**: * CN? * Fibers (SNS/PSNS) * Origin? * Nerve * Ganglion * Hitchhike **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD\*\*\***

Discuss each of the following in regards to the **Submandibular and Sublingual glands**: * CN? * Fibers (SNS/PSNS) * Origin? * Nerve * Ganglion * Hitchhike **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD\*\*\***

Discuss each of the following in regards to the **Parotid gland**: * CN? * Fibers (SNS/PSNS) * Origin? * Nerve * Ganglion * Hitchhike **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD\*\*\***

Discuss each of the following in regards to the **Mucous gland**: * CN? * Fibers (SNS/PSNS) * Origin? * Nerve * Ganglion * Hitchhike **\*\*\*HIGH YIELD\*\*\***

Discuss the **Unique Features of the TMJ** in regards to each of the following: * ________ = left and right sides must function together * ________ = hinge and sliding movement * Articulating surfaces are covered in _______ rather than hyaline cartilage * Only joint in the human body to have a ________ where the teeth make occlusal contact * Last joint to start developing beginning at around _____ weeks in utero

Discuss the **Articular Disc** in regards to the TMJ: * Fibrocartilage devoid of any blood vessels or nerve fibers * **What type of collagen?** * _______ shape. * Divides the joint into two separate compartments: * **Upper joint space = ?** * **Lower joint space = ?**

Discuss the **Retrodiscal Tissue of the TMJ** in regards to each of the following: * Superior retrodiscal lamina * **composed of ______ fibers.** * **Prevents the disc from displacing \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** * Inferior retrodiscal lamina * **composed of _____ fibers.** * **prevents the doc from excessively _______ over condyle** * Intermediate retrodiscal tissue * **consists of ________ containing blood vessels and nerve**

Which of the following Retrodiscal Tissue is composed of **elastic fibers**? A. Superior retrodiscal lamina B. Inferior retrodiscal lamina C. Intermediate retrodiscal lamina

A. Superior retrodiscal lamina

Which of the following Retrodiscal Tissue is composed of **loose areolar connective tissue**? A. Superior retrodiscal lamina B. Inferior retrodiscal lamina C. Intermediate retrodiscal lamina

C. Intermediate retrodiscal lamina

Which of the following Retrodiscal Tissue is composed of **connective tissue fibers**? A. Superior retrodiscal lamina B. Inferior retrodiscal lamina C. Intermediate retrodiscal lamina

B. Inferior retrodiscal lamina

Which of the following Retrodiscal Tissue prevents the disc from excessively **rotating** over condyle? A. Superior retrodiscal lamina B. Inferior retrodiscal lamina C. Intermediate retrodiscal lamina

B. Inferior retrodiscal lamina

Which of the following Retrodiscal Tissue prevents the disc from dislocating **anteriorly**? A. Superior retrodiscal lamina B. Inferior retrodiscal lamina C. Intermediate retrodiscal lamina

A. Superior retrodiscal lamina

Discuss the Synovial Membrane of the TMJ in regards to each of the following: * Specialized endothelial cells that line the inner surface of the joint capsule and secretes _______ fluid. * What are its two functions?

Which of the following is made of **type II collagen**? A. Articular disc B. Articular cartilage

B. Articular cartilage

Which of the following is made of **type I collagen**? A. Articular disc B. Articular cartilage

A. Articular disc

Which of the following prevents the disc and condyle from dislocating **posteriorly** in regards to the TMJ? A. Superior retrodiscal lamina B. Capsular ligamaent C. Lateral ligament D. Collateral ligaments E. Stylomandibular ligament

C. Lateral ligament **Lateral ligament = prevents posterior displacement** **Superior retrodiscal lamina = prevents anterior displacement**

Which of the following ligaments of the TMJ is an embryonic remnant of **Meckel's Cartilage**? A. Sphenomandibular ligament B. Capsular ligamaent C. Lateral ligament D. Collateral ligaments E. Stylomandibular ligament

A. Sphenomandibular ligament

Which of the following ligaments of the TMJ functions to **retain synovial fluid**? A. Sphenomandibular ligament B. Capsular ligamaent C. Lateral ligament D. Collateral ligaments E. Stylomandibular ligament

B. Capsular ligamaent

Which of the following ligaments of the TMJ functions to **limit mouth opening**? A. Sphenomandibular ligament B. Capsular ligamaent C. Lateral ligament D. Collateral ligaments E. Stylomandibular ligament

C. Lateral ligament

Which of the following ligaments of the TMJ divide the joint into **superior and inferior joint cavities**? A. Sphenomandibular ligament B. Capsular ligamaent C. Lateral ligament D. Collateral ligaments E. Stylomandibular ligament

D. Collateral ligaments

Which of the following ligaments of the TMJ limit excessive **Protrusion** of the mandible? A. Sphenomandibular ligament B. Capsular ligamaent C. Lateral ligament D. Collateral ligaments E. Stylomandibular ligament

E. Stylomandibular ligament

Which of the following ligaments of the TMJ is an embryonic remnant of **Reichert's Cartilage**? A. Sphenomandibular ligament B. Stylohyoid ligament C. Lateral ligament D. Collateral ligaments E. Stylomandibular ligament

**B. Stylohyoid ligament** **Stylohyoid ligament = Reichert's cartilage** **Sphenomandibular ligament = Meckel's cartilage**

Which of the following TMJ ligaments is calcified in **Eagle Syndrome**? A. Sphenomandibular ligament B. Stylohyoid ligament C. Lateral ligament D. Collateral ligaments E. Stylomandibular ligament **\*\*\*BOARDS\*\*\***

B. Stylohyoid ligament

Which of the following is associated with **Eagle Syndrome**? A. Sphenomandibular ligament B. Stylohyoid ligament C. Lateral ligament D. Collateral ligaments E. Stylomandibular ligament **\*\*\*BOARDS\*\*\***

B. Stylohyoid ligament

Discuss the **Neurovascular Supply** of the TMJ: * **Supplied mainly by the _________ nerve** * Minor sensory contribution from the masseteric and deep term portal branches of V3. * **Supplied mainly by the _______ and ________ arteries of the ECA.**

Discuss the vascular system in regards to each of the following: * Arteries * Arterioles * Capillaries * Venules * Veins

Review the flow of blood in the heart.

(T/F) The Brachiocephalic artery is on the right side only to clear the trachea.

True

Discuss the **Subclavian Artery** in regards to each of the following: * Main artery to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. * Changes its name to ______ artery as it crosses under clavicle * Changes its name to ______ artery when it enters the arm

The **Common Carotid Artery** bifurcates between \_\_\_\_\_\_. A. C1-C2 B. C2-C3 C. C3-C4 D. C4-C5

C. C3-C4

Discuss the **Internal Carotid Artery** in regards to each of the following: * **Travels through carotid canal of temporal bone to supply \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, orbit and forehead.** * **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nerve originates from internal carotid plexus.** * **Ophthalmic artery** * **Supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.**

Discuss the **External Carotid Artery** in regards to each of the following: * Supplies all structure of the ____ and \_\_\_\_\_. * When a Le Fort surgery is performed the maxillary artery is ofen severed. What artery takes it's place in providing blood? * What is the order of arteries that branch off the external carotid?

**External carotid artery = "SALFO PMS"** **or** **"Some Anatomist Love Freaking Out Poor Medical Students"**

Discuss the **Maxillary Artery** in regards to each of the following: * **Supplies \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, palate and nasal cavity**

Discuss the Circle of Willis in regards to each of the following: * Important means of ________ in the event of obstruction

Which of the following provides venous drainage of the **upper limb**? A. Brachiocephalic vein B. Subclavian vein C. External jugular vein D. Internal jugular vein

B. Subclavian vein

Which of the following is the primary drain for the **brain**? A. Brachiocephalic vein B. Subclavian vein C. External jugular vein D. Internal jugular vein

D. Internal jugular vein

Which of the following exits through the **Jugular Foramen**? A. Brachiocephalic vein B. Subclavian vein C. External jugular vein D. Internal jugular vein

D. Internal jugular vein

Which of the following drains superior and inferior alveolar veins of **teeth**? A. Facial Vein B. Pterygoid Plexus C. Cavernous Sinus D. Superior Sagittal Sinus

B. Pterygoid Plexus

What are the structures that pass through the **Cavernous Sinus**? **\*\*\*GOT A PRACTICE Q\*\*\***

**ICA, CN 3, 4, V1, V2 and 6**

Discuss the **Superior Saggital Sinus** in regards to each of the following: * No _____ and lots of ______ allows blood to flow in any direction and transport metastases and spread infection.

Many lymphatic vessels contain _______ to direct flow of lymph.

Which of the following form a ring around the head and drain lymph from the **face and scalp**? A. Superficial cervical nodes B. Deep cervical nodes

A. Superficial cervical nodes

**Review Deep Cervical Nodes in regards to each of the following:** * **Deep Cervical nodes along the right IJV empty into the __________ duct.** * **Deep Cervical nodes along the left IJV empty into the __________ duct.** * **Both of these ducts empty into the venous system near the junction of their respective \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** **\*\*\*BOARDS\*\*\***

What is the **modiolus**? **\*\*\*BOARDS\*\*\***

Modiolus refers to the chiasma or intersection of a whole bunch of facial muscles just lateral and slightly superior to each corner of the mouth GOOGLE: In facial anatomy, the modiolus is a chiasma of facial muscles held together by fibrous tissue, located lateral and slightly superior to each angle of the mouth. It is important in moving the mouth, facial expression and in dentistry.

What are the 4 components of the **carotid sheath**? **\*\*\*BOARDS\*\*\***

Common carotid artery, IJV, Vagus nerve, Deep cervical lymph nodes

What would happen to someone if the LEFT optic nerve was severed?

The patient would still have left field peripheral vision coming from the RIGHT eye (due to the optic chiasma). The only way to sever all left field vision would be to sever the RIGHT optic tract. Refer to picture on the bottom right to understand cross over

List each of the following in regards to the **Parotid Gland**: * CN? * SNS/PSNS? * Nucleus? * Nerve? * Ganglion? * Hitch hikes on? **\*\*\*BOARDS\*\*\***

**_Parotid Gland_** 1. CN IX 2. PSNS 3. Inferior Salivary Nucleus 4. Lesser petrosal 5. Otic ganglion 6. hitch hikes on Auriculotemporal (V3)

List each of the following in regards to the **Submandibular and Sublingual Glands**: * CN? * SNS/PSNS? * Nucleus? * Nerve? * Ganglion? * Hitch hikes on? **\*\*\*BOARDS\*\*\***

**_Submandibular and Sublingual Glands:_** 1. CN VII 2. PSNS 3. Superior Salivary Nucleus 4. Chorda tympani 5. Submandibular ganglion 6. hitch hikes on Lingual nerve (V3)

Head & Neck Anatomy Flashcards

(306 cards)