Health and Safety (L2) Flashcards
(51 cards)
1
Q
Tell me about the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974?
A
- Legislation put in place to govern workplace health and safety measures which employers and employees are obliged to adhere to
- Outlines employers responsibilities and employees responsibilities
- General duties of employer
- General duties of employees
- Health and safety policies; five or more employees, defining specific responsibilities
- Risk assessments to minimise or control risks
- Safe equipment and work environment
- Health and safety representative
- Reporting Accidents and Incidents to HSE under RIDDOR (Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations)
- Penalties for non-compliance
- Cooperation and consultation
Employers responsibilities include:
- Provide adequate training to all employees on health and safety matters at work
- Provide PPE to employees
- Undertake the relevant risk assessments and put in place mitigation for these risks
- Have safe practices in the workplace
- Provide adequate facilities, I.e welfare
- Reporting accidents to and incidents to the HSE under RIDDOR
Employees responsibilities;
- Have a duty to take care and consider the health and safety of themselves and others
- Partake in training provided by the employer
- Follow company health and safety procedures and policies
2
Q
What potential penalties are there for breaching the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974?
A
- Prosecution
- Unlimited fines
- Imprisonment for up to 2 years for cases of gross negligence
3
Q
What duties does an employer have under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974?
A
- Provide safe equipment and working environment
- Provide adequate facilities such as welfare
- Provide training and resources on health and safety matters
- Provide PPE required to carry out the work
- Undertake risk assessments and have in place mitigation of these risks
- Report incidents to HSE through RIDDOR
- Have in place a health and safety policy when there are 5 or more employees
- Health and safety representative in place
- Communication and cooperation
4
Q
What duties does an employee have under the Health and Safety at Works Act 1974?
A
- Communication and cooperation
- Have a duty of care to consider the health and safety of themselves and others
- Adhere to company health and safety policies
- Partake in training on health and safety matters put in place by the employer
- To wear PPE when carry out tasks
5
Q
What other key health and safety legislation are you aware of?
A
- Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
- CDM Regulations 2015
- COSHH Regulations 2002 (Contrcol of substances hazardous to health)
- RIDDOR 2013 (Reporting injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences regulations), serious incidents leading to more than 7 days off work
- Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012
6
Q
CDM Regulations - What are the duties of the Client?
A
- Appoint a Principal Designer to assess and inform on the design and construction risks
- Appoint a Principal Contractor
- Provide Pre-Construction Information
- Ensure Health and Safety Plan is developed
- Provide safe access, welfare and facilities
- Notify the HSE for noticeable works for works which last more than 30 days and have 20 workers on site, 500 person days
7
Q
CDM Regulations - What are the duties of the Principal Designer?
A
- Prepare pre construction information
- Prepare risk register and consider removing or mitigatiing risks during design stage
- Liaise with project team and revise the risk assessments as necessary
- Oversee and monitor health and safety practices during design stage
- Prepare and maintain health and safety file
- Ensure designers comply with CDM duties
8
Q
CDM Regulations - What are the duties of the Principal Contractor?
A
- Prepare and maintain Construction Phase Plan
- Prepare risk assessments and method statements
- Comply with CDM duties
- Oversee health and safety practices on site during construction phase
- Report to HSE any incidents under RIDDOR, accident log book
- Provide PPE and safe facilities
- Ensure site safety and supervision
- Control site access and egress
9
Q
What other information do you include in a Pre Construction Information Pack?
A
- Project description
- Location, address, access to site
- Proximity and directions to closest emergency medical facility
- Pre construction risk assessment and known risks
- Details and contact information for client, principal designer
- Site investigative surveys
- Site compound plan / access plan
- Information required to be submitted to within Construction Phase Plan
- Welfare facilities and amenity
10
Q
How did you approach visiting a live construction site? What steps did you take beforehand?
A
Guidance: RICS Professional Standard on Surveying Safely 2018
- Desk based survey and familiarise myself with the site and access
- Review any information provided by the client or contractor, access plans etc
- Review active working areas
- Establish key site contacts
- Prepare the correct level of PPE and equipment
- Undertake site induction beforehand
- Undertake risk assessment
- Adhere to company lone working policies and requirements of the policy
- Review PCI
11
Q
How did you assess risks whilst at a construction site?
A
- When arriving, review the site and conditions etc
- Sign in at the site office
- Conduct a walkthrough
- Evaluate specific hazards
- Review the PPE I have to ensure it is sufficient for the site conditions
- Review Construction Phase Plan and familiarise myself with the RAMS available within the site office
- Consult with site supervisor
12
Q
What RICS guidance do you refer to in relation to this?
A
RICS Professional Standard on Surveying Safely 2018
- Sets out basic, good practice principles for management of health and safety
Example Audit Template for RICS Firms
13
Q
What sort of health and safety documentation were you expecting the PC to have in place on site?
A
- Visitor log book
- Accident log book
- Site induction log book
- Fire safety measures
- Site audits, I.e scaffolding etc
- Construction Phase Plan
- Risk assessments and method statements
- Site plan and access plan
- Site manager contact details
- F10 Notification if applicable
- Information on welfare / site facilities / first aid
14
Q
Can you give me an overview of what the CDM Regulations 2015 are?
A
- Health and safety legislation put in place to govern the health and safety practices of construction projects throughout the design and construction
- Sets duties and responsibilities of Clients, Principal Designers, and Principal Contractors
15
Q
When do the CDM Regulations apply?
A
- For all construction projects in the UK, regardless of size or complexity
- Design and construction phases
- Does not apply to domestic projects unless there are more than two contractors working
16
Q
When is a project notifiable to HSE?
A
- When constructions works will last for more than 30 days AND
- When there are 20 or more workers on site simultaneously at any given time
- When number of working person days exceeds 500
17
Q
What is the role of the Principal Designer and when is one required to be appointed?
A
- Principal designer responsibilities include, overseeing and managing health and safety practices during design stage, preparing risk assessment and mitigation strategies, prepare pre construction information, liaise with project team and ensure parties are fulfilling their duties under CDM 2015
- Required when there is 2 or more contractors working on site, and for high risk projects
18
Q
Projects where client is not a domestic client, what health and safety information / documents would you expect to include within a tender package for a construction project?
A
- Pre Construction Information
- Site investigative surveys, groun investigations etc
- Site plan / access / welfare
- Asbestos R&D survey and management plans, requirement under Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012
- Floor plans, other relevant drawings for contractor to assess health and safety elements
-
19
Q
What is legionella?
A
- Bacteria which forms within water systems
- Thrives in stagnant water at warm temperatures between 20-45 degrees
- Can be found in a range of water systems, air conditioning systems, hot tubs, cooling towers, plumbing systems
- Water particles, when breathed in can cause a serious form of pneumonia, and legionnaires disease
- Symptoms include lung infection, coughing, high fever, chest pain
- Risk assessments by a competent person under HSAW Act 1974 and have tested by UKAS accredited Legionella testing laboratory
20
Q
What are deleterious materials? And can you give me some examples?
A
- Materials or components which could pose risk to the health and safety of individuals, detriment of the building or structure, and impact on the environment
Examples of deleterious materials:
Asbestos
- Fibres in building materials used up until 1999 which when disturbed release airborne fibres which are damaging and potentially fatal to health of individuals when breathed in
- Can cause lung cancer and asbestosis
Lead Based Paint
- Hazardous material when disturbed and inhaled can cause serious health problems
- Can cause brain damage, neurological disorders, learning disabilities
RAAC
- Reinforced autoclaved aerated concrete
- Aerated concrete used for building structures between 1950s to late 1990s
- Risk of sudden failure and collapse of roof, wall, and ceiling structures
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
- Used in electrical systems during the mid 1900s for insulating and fire resistance properties
- Can cause severe skin conditions, liver damage, potentially cancer, and impact on environment and wildlife if skin contact, inhaled or injested
Radon Gas
- Naturally occurring radioactive gas poses significant health and safety hazard
- Can cause lung cancer when exposed to radon
- Seeps through the ground, into buildings through cracks, gaps and pores in foundations and floors
- Mitigations include sealing gaps and cracks, improving ventilation and installing vent pipes
21
Q
Explain hazards of asbestos?
A
- Asbestos can be found in a range of building materials and components pre 1999
- When disturbed, releases airborne fibres which can cause potentially fatal damage leading to asbestosis and lung cancer
- Building owners are responsible for having asbestos management plans in place and undertaking targeted asbestos surveys before any refurbishment works can take place as per the relevant legislation, Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012
- Can be present in roofs, insulation, pipe systems, flooring, adhesives, ceilings
- Most common asbestos are Chrysotile (white), Amosite (brown), Crocidolite (blue)
- Asbestos surveys should be undertaken by UKAS accredited asbestos surveyors and high risk materials such as insulation, roofing sheets and work on sprayed asbestos must be removed by licensed contractors by the HSE
22
Q
When do you need to notify the HSE for asbestos removals?
A
- Depends on the work that is being done, the type of asbestos and what condition it’s in
Examples of work you must notify authorities but no licensee is needed include:
- Asbestos cement products (for example roof sheeting) where the material will be substantially damaged or broken up
- Repair of asbestos insulation on a pipe where the exterior coating has been damaged
- Large scale removal of textured decorative coatings using steaming or gelling methods
23
Q
When do you need licenced contractor to undertake asbestos removals?
A
- Higher risk works must only be done by a contractor holding a licence from HSE
Only licenced contractors can carry out the following:
- Any work on sprayed asbestos
- Most repair or any removal is asbestos insulation, for example lagging on pipes
- Most work on asbestos insulating boards, such as removal of partition walls, linings and suspended ceilings
24
Q
What is the difference between notifiable and licensed asbestos removal works?
A
Non Licensed Notifiable
- Works which require a notification to the HSE but not necessarily done by a licensed contractor, examples include
- Repairs to pipe lagging, works on asbestos cements, large scale removal of textured coatings
Licenced and Notifiable
- High risk asbestos removals requiring specific expertise and notification to the HSE, a examples include,
- Removal of asbestos roofing sheets
- Work on sprayed asbestos insulation
- Works on asbestos insulating boards, lagging on pipes
25
What types of asbestos surveys are there?
- Refurbishment and Demolition Surveys
- Asbestos Management Surveys
- Re Inspection Surveys
- Sampling Survey
26
Where would you find asbestos in a residential building?
- Ceilings
- Walls
- Roofing sheets
- Insulation
- Electrical boards / Boilers / Heaters
- Roof tiles
- Adhesives
- Pipes
- Flashings
27
Where would you find asbestos in a commercial building?
- Ceilings
- Floors
- Walls
- Pipe lagging
- Fire proofing materials
- Insulation
- Roofing sheets
- Adhesives
- Flooring
- Air con systems
- Windows and doors
28
What do you understand about the HSWA 1974?
- Health and safety legislation put in place to govern health and safety in workplace
- Duties of employers and employees
- Duties of employers include providing a safe working environment, provide adequate training, provide PPE, provide adequate welfare, have a health and safety policy for more than 5 employees, have a health and safety representative, report to HSE incidents through RIDDOR, undertake risk assessments and mitigation strategies, communication and cooperation
Duties of employees include duty of care to consider health and safety of themselves and others, partake in training, communication and cooperation, use PPE, adhere to company H&S procedures
29
What did you learn in your asbestos awareness testing?
- What asbestos is and how to identify
- What to do if suspected asbestos
- What types of asbestos and common appearances
- Where asbestos can be found
- Safe work practices to prevent exposure
30
What did you learn about lone working?
- Pre inspection risk assessments
- Review company procures and mitigation strategies such as communication systems
- Review site conditions upon arrival to site, I.e derelict properties
- Consider fragile structures and surfaces
- Refuse to undertake survey if not safe to do so
- Review safe access and egress to areas
- Correct PPE
- Emergency procedures
31
What did you learn about manual handling?
- Appropriate training and supervision
- Don’t lift objects incapable of lifting
- Do no lift unless absolutely necessary, consider other methods of moving
- How to lift, push and carry
- Risks associated with manual handling, weight, shape, distance etc
- Health and safety risks associated with manual handling, fractures, muscle strains, cuts and bruises
32
What is a CSCS Test?
- Construction Skills Certification Scheme
- Test for managers and professionals which provides a designation and certification of health and safety knowledge and competence
33
Tell me about the CDM Regulations 2015?
- Health and safety legislation to govern health and safety for construction projects throughout design and construction phases
- Outlines duties and responsibilities of Clients, Principal Designers, and Principal Contractors
34
CDM Regulations - What are the duties of the client?
- Provide adequate welfare and access arrangements
- Provide Pre Construction Information
- Make notification to HSE if applicable
- Appoint Principal Designer
- Appoint Principal Contractor
- Maintain health and safety file
35
23 Weyman Road - What was your role as project surveyor?
- Oversee construction works
- Report on progress and quality
- Report on health and safety practices during design and construction
- Report back to client / CA duties
36
What is a design risk assessment?
- Assessment of the design regarding practicality and implication of health and safety procedures
- Identify risks associated with the design and put in place mitigation to control the risks
- Assess the level of risk, who the risk is posed upon, the owner of the risk and the likelihood and severity of the risk
- Regularly reviewed with the design team to foresee and plan for the construction phase
- Ensure compliance with CDM duties
37
What is a Pre Construction Information Pack?
- Requirement under CDM Regulations 2015 as a duty of the client to provide
- Health and safety information pack for designers and contractors during a construction project
Includes:
- Site plan / welfare / access
- Site investigative surveys
- Known project risks and mitigation
- Key stakeholder details
- Project description and location
- Location and directions to nearest emergency facility
- Information on what to provide in construction phase plan
38
39
What is your role as clerk of works?
- Undertake quality inspections and report on progress
- Report on inspected health and safety procedures on site
- Review works against construction programme
- Review implemented works on site against contract specification and drawings
- Review works against legal and regulatory compliance
- Liaise with project team through out the project
- Snagging / final inspection / handover
40
What health and safety issues did you identify during your inspections?
L&Q Milton Keynes
- Noticed operative wearing incorrect PPE whilst using cutting machinery
- Raised directly with the operative and site manager and observed rectification
- Reported on this in my CoW report as a note closed out on site
- Should be wearing face mask and gloves
41
L&Q Milton Keynes - What type of PPE is required for various types of work?
- Hard hat / head protection
- High vis
- Safety boots
- Safety goggle
- FFP2 / FFP3 masks
- Safety gloves
- Face shields
- Disposabke outfits
- Fall arrest / edge protection
42
L&Q Milton Keynes - What PPE is required for cutting / dust works?
- FFP3 or FFP2 respirators
43
Explain how you ensure your personal safety on site?
- Review relevant guidance such as RICS Professional Standard on Surveying Safely 2018
- Review desk based information such as documents, drawings, plans available
- Ascertain any risks identified during desk based survey and undertake a risk assessment and mitigation to control the risks
- Prepare the appropriate level of PPE and equipment required
- Undertake regular training on health and safety and ensure to follow my company policies on H&S such as lone working etc
- Scan the site upon arrival and identify any further risks
- Review H&S information on site
- Site induction
- Review construction phase plan and RAMS
- Communicate and arrange timing with site management
- Conduct site walkthrough and be vigilant for any risks whilst walking around
- Review site layout and access
44
Explain how you would ensure the security of your personal possessions on site?
- Use of secured storage areas on site
- Leave valuable items at home or in the car where possible
- Be aware of my surroundings
45
Tell me about how you would ensure good health and safety practices whilst on site?
Guidance:
RICS Professional Standard on Surveying Safely 2018
RICS Surveying Assets in the Built Environment
- Ensure the correct level of documentation is available within the site office
- Site management and supervision is in place
- Site housekeeping and general layout and maintenance of the site
- First aid facilities within site office
- Clear signage and fire safety precautions
- Correct level of PPE for myself and others
- Visitor logs
- Accident log
- Site induction log
- Audits / inspections of plant and access equipment
- Address any concerns and observe rectification
46
Tell me about when you have used PPE on an inspection?
L&Q Milton Keynes
- Hard hat, high vis, safety boots
- Respirator, safety goggles, ear protection as necessary depending on tasks being undertaken
47
What would you do if you suspected asbestos existing on a site inspection?
- Instruct the works to be halted and area evacuated
- Raise with the contractor and site management
- Have materials tested at the earliest availability by UKAS accredited asbestos surveyor
- Recommend medical assessment of those working in the area
- Undertake the asbestos removals as per the outcome of the investigations
- Notify the HSE if required
48
Tell me about any specific precautions you would take when inspecting a dilapidated property?
Guidance: RICS Professional Standard on Surveying Safely 2018
- Extra vigilant on sites and consider possibility of fragile structures or surfaces
- Take extra caution and ensure power is isolated prior to your inspection
- Understand company policies and lone working arrangements
- Undertake risk assessment ahead of inspection and put in place mitigation
- Emergency contact procedures
- Aboid disturbing materials / asbestos containing materials etc
- Be aware of asbestos, mould, lead paint etc
49
What hazardous materials have you come across?
Asbestos
- Asbestosis and lung cancer
Silica dust
- Lung cancer, silicosis
Mould and fungal growth
- Respiratory issues / asthma, skin irritation, allergic reactions
50
What is hierarchy of risk control?
- Risks should be reduced to the lowest reasonably practicable level by taking preventative measures, in order of priority
1. Elimination - Redesign, avoid
2. Substitute - Alternative method
3. Engineering Controls - Use equipment to mitigate
4. Administrative Controls - Alter procedures
5. Personal Protective Clothes and Equipment - Last resort, ensure correct level of PPE to undertake task
51
What is a hazard? What is a risk?
- A hazard is something with the potential to cause harm to someone
- A risk is the likelihood that a hazard will actually cause harm, along with the severity of the potential harm
