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Biology GCSE AQA: Organisation > Heart and Blood Vessels and Blood > Flashcards

Heart and Blood Vessels and Blood Flashcards

all the Higher GCSE AQA content regarding the Heart, Blood and blood vessels

1
Q

What is the job of the red blood cells?

A

to transport oxygen around the body

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2
Q

What shape do red blood cells have?

A

they have a doughnut (biconcave) shape

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3
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
red blood cells have a nucleus.

A

false they do not have a nucleus

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4
Q

Why do red blood cells not have a nucleus?

A

so that they can absorb more blood

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5
Q

how do red blood cells have a larger surface area?

A

through their bi-concaved shape

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6
Q

what does having a large surface area in a red blood cell do?

A

allows more oxygen to be absorbed

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7
Q

How does having thin cell membranes in a red blood cell allow for?

A

efficient absorption of oxygen

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8
Q

Why are red blood cells very small?

A

so they can pass through very small vessels

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9
Q

What is the job of the white blood cells?

A

to protect the body from infection

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10
Q

What are the biggest type of cell?

A

white blood cells

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11
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
white blood cells have a nucleus

A

True

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12
Q

What 2 things do white blood cells produce?

A

antitoxins and antibodies

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13
Q

What do antitoxins do?

A

to neutralise toxins

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14
Q

what do antibodies do?

A

they kill pathogens

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15
Q

What is plasma?

A

is a yellow substance that makes your blood liquid

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16
Q

What does plasma do?

A

carries waste products and nutrients and hormones

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17
Q

Examples of the things Plasma carries are…
(5 examples)

A

urea
carbon dioxide
glucose
water
platelets
red blood cell
white blood cells
hormones
amino acids

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18
Q

What are platelets?

A

fragments of blood cells

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19
Q

Wat do platelets do?

A

help clot the blood at an opening

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20
Q

What is an artery?

A

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

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21
Q

What artery pumps de-oxygenated blood?

A

pulmonary artery

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22
Q

What pressure is blood in the arteries pumped at?

A

high pressure

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23
Q

What type of walls do arteries have?

A

Strong and Thick walls

24
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
arteries have valves.

A

False

25
Q

What is a vein

A

a blood vessel that transports blood to the heart

26
Q

What vein transports oxygenated blood to the heart?

A

pulmonary vein

27
Q

What pressure is blood pumped at in the vein?

A

low pressure

28
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
veins have thin walls

A

true

29
Q

Do veins have a valve?

A

Yes

30
Q

What is a valve?

A

a structure which prevents the backflow of blood

31
Q

What is a capillary?

A

a small blood vessel which allows substances to be exchanged by the blood and cell

32
Q

What type of walls do capillaries have?

A

very thin walls (one cell thick)

33
Q

do capillaries have valves?

A

no

34
Q

What is the benefit of capillaries having very thin walls?

A

allow the exchange of molecules between the blood and the body’s cells so molecules can
diffuse more efficiently.

35
Q

Why do arteries have thick, muscular and elastic walls?

A

to pump and accommodate blood under high pressure

36
Q

Why is the arteries lumen small?

A

to ensure the high pressure of the blood is maintained

37
Q

Where does the blood flow in the heart? (in chronological order)

A

vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, rest of the body

38
Q

What is the circulatory/cardiovascular system?

A

a system which delivers nutrients and oxygen to all cells in the body through the blood.

39
Q

What type of muscle is in the heart?

A

cardiac muscle

40
Q

What is a pacemaker?

A

a cell that makes the heart beat

41
Q

How does a pacemaker work?

A

they receive electrical impulses from the brain that tells the cells to make the heart pump blood.

42
Q

What happens when a pace maker fails?

A

it leads to an irregular heart beat

43
Q

What is an artificial pacemaker?

A

small, battery-operated electronic device implanted in a person’s chest that sends out regular, adjustable electrical impulses to produce normal contractions of the heart.

44
Q

Where does gas exchange take place?

A

in the alveoli

45
Q

What happens in gas exchange?

A

oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out.

46
Q

What are some of the adaptions the alveoli have?

A

large surface area
thin walls
good blood supply
good ventilation

47
Q

How does a large surface area help with gas exchange?

A

it allows for a faster diffusion of gases across the surface.

48
Q

How does thin walls help with gas exchange?

A

ensures a shorter diffusion distance, increasing the rate of diffusion

49
Q

how does good ventilation help gas exchange?

A

it allows the diffusion gradients to be maintained.

50
Q

How do the alveoli have good blood supply?

A

because of the dense capillary network around them

51
Q

How does good blood supply help gas exchange?

A

It maintains a high concentration gradient so that the diffusion can occur faster.

52
Q

What does a double circulatory system mean?

A

the blood passes through the heart two times

53
Q

Where haemoglobin found?

A

in red blood cells

54
Q

What does haemoglobin do?

A

binds with the oxygen

55
Q

What is the substance in a red blood cell called when it is carrying oxygen?

A

oxyhaemoglobin

56
Q

What does oxyhaemoglobin do to the colour of the red blood cells?

A

turns the colour from dark red to a bright red

Biology GCSE AQA: Organisation (5 decks)

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