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NCLEX > Hematologic Medications and GI Medications > Flashcards

Hematologic Medications and GI Medications Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

Whole blood completion time

A

2-4 hours

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2
Q

Whole blood therapeutic use

A

Restore volume

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3
Q

Whole blood reaction monitoring (6)

A
  • Acute hemolytic
  • Fever
  • Anaphylactic
  • Mild allergic
  • Hypervolemia
  • Sepsis
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4
Q

Packed RBCs completion time

A

2-4 hours

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5
Q

Packed RBCs therapeutic uses (5)

A
  • Increases available RBC
  • Severe anemia
  • Hemoglobinopathies
  • Hemolytic anemias
  • Erythroblastosis fetalis
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6
Q

Packed RBCs reaction monitoring (5)

A
  • Acute hemolytic
  • Fever
  • Anaphylactic
  • Mild allergic
  • Sepsis
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7
Q

Platelets completion time

A

15-30 minutes

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8
Q

Platelets therapeutic uses (5)

A
  • Increased platelet count
  • Active bleeding
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Aplastic anemia
  • Bone marrow suppression
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9
Q

Platelets reaction monitoring (2)

A
  • Fever
  • Sepsis
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10
Q

FFP completion time

A

30-60 minutes

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11
Q

FFP therapeutic uses

A

Replace clotting factors

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12
Q

FFP reaction monitoring (6)

A
  • Acute hemolytic
  • Fever
  • Anaphylactic
  • Mild allergic
  • Hypervolemia
  • Sepsis
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13
Q

Pheresed granulocytes completion time

A

45-60 minutes

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14
Q

Pheresed granulocytes therapeutic use (3)

A
  • Severe neutropenia
  • Neonatal sepsis
  • Neutrophil dysfunction
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15
Q

Pheresed granulocytes reaction monitoring (6)

A
  • Acute hemolytic
  • Febrile
  • Anaphylactic
  • Mild allergic
  • Hypervolemia
  • Sepsis
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16
Q

Albumin 5% completion time

A

1-10ml/min

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17
Q

Albumin 25% completion time

A

4ml/min

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18
Q

Albumin therapeutic use (6)

A
  • Expand volume by oncotic changes
  • Hypovolemia
  • Hypoalbuminemia
  • Burns
  • Severe nephrosis
  • Hemolytic disease in newborns
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19
Q

Albumin reaction monitoring (2)

A
  • Hypervolemia
  • Pulmonary edema
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20
Q

Nursing interventions for blood product administration (6)

A
  • Verify patient’s ID, name, blood type by 2 nurses
  • Obtain baseline vitals
  • IV access with 18-20 gauge catheter
  • Prime tubing with 0.9% sodium chloride
  • Stay with patient for first 15 minutes to monitor for signs of a reaction
  • Complete infusion within 4 hours
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21
Q

Blood product reaction management (4)

A
  • Stop infusion and take vitals
  • Infuse 0.9% sodium chloride
  • Notify provider
  • Follow protocol for sending urine sample, CBC, bag/tubing to lab for analyzing
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22
Q

Hematopoietic growth factor action

A

Stimulate bone marrow to make specific blood cells

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23
Q

Hematopoietic growth factor medications (4)

A
  • Epoietin alfa
  • Filgrastim
  • Pegfilgrastim
  • Oprelvekin
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24
Q

Epoeitin alfa therapeutic use (2)

A
  • Stimulate RBC production
  • Anemia from chronic kidney disease, Retrovir therapy, chemo
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25
Epoietin alfa side/adverse effects
- HTN
26
Epoietin alfa nursing interventions (3)
- Give subQ or IV - Don't agitate vial - Monitor hematocrit/hemoglobin
27
Filgrastim/pegfilgrastim therapeutic uses (2)
- Stimulate WBC production - Neutropenia due to cancer
28
Filgrastim/pegfilgrastim side/adverse effects (2)
- Bone pain - Leukocytosis
29
Filgrastim/pegfilgrastim nursing interventions (3)
- SubQ/IV - Don't agitate vial - Monitor CBC
30
Oprelvekin therapeutic uses (2)
- Stimulate platelet production - Thrombocytopenia due to cancer
31
Oprelvekin side/adverse effects (3)
- Fluid retention - Blurred vision - Cardiac dysrhythmias
32
Oprelvekin nursing interventions (2)
- Give 6-24 hours after chemo - SubQ
33
Oral iron nursing interventions (4)
- Dilute liquid with juice/water and give straw/syringe to avoid contact with the teeth - Encourage orange juice fortified with vitamin C - Avoid antacids, coffee, tea, dairy products, whole grain bread concurrently and 1 hour after giving due to decreased absorption - Monitor for constipation and GI upset
34
IM iron nursing interventions (4)
- Use large bore needle 19-20 gauge 3 inch - Change needle after drawing up from vial - Z track method in ventrogluteal, never deltoid - Don't massage injection site
35
IV iron nursing interventions
- Administer small test dose and monitor patient for 15 minutes then slowly give additional dose
36
What to monitor while on heparin
aPTT every 4-6 hours
37
Parenteral anticoagulant nursing interventions (4)
- Monitor for signs of bleeding - Safety precautions to prevent bleeding - SubQ heparin in abdomen 2 inches from umbilicus and don't aspirate/massage - Rotate injection sites
38
Warfarin nursing interventions (5)
- Give once daily - Monitor INR/PT can be self-monitored - Avoid NSAIDS, medications with aspirin, alcohol - Garlic, ginger, ginkgo can increase bleeding - Ginseng can decrease effectiveness
39
Antiplatelet medications action
Prevent platelets from aggregating by blocking enzymes and factors that normally promote clotting
40
Antiplatelt medications (6)
- Aspirin - Abciximab - Clopidogrel - Ticlopidine - Pentoxifylline - Dipyridamole
41
Antiplatelet precautions (2)
- Can't be used in thrombocytopenia - Use caution in patients with peptic ulcer disease
42
Antiplatelet side/adverse effects (3)
- Prolonged bleeding - Gastric bleeding - Thrombocytopenia
43
Thrombolytic medications action
Dissolve clots that have already formed by converting plasminogen to plasmin destroying fibrinogen and other clotting factors
44
Antacid action
Neutralize gastric acid and inactivate pepsin
45
Antacid medications (3)
- Aluminum hydroxide - Magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia) - Sodium bicarbonate
46
Aluminum hydroxide side/adverse effects (2)
- Constipation - Hypophosphatemia
47
Magnesium hydroxide side/adverse effects (3)
- Diarrhea - Renal impairment - Hypermagnesemia
48
Sodium bicarbonate side/adverse effects
- Constipation
49
Therapeutic uses for antacids (2)
- Peptic ulcer disease - GERD
50
Precautions for antacids (2)
- Prolonged use can result in hypophosphatemia - Can decrease absorption of certain medications
51
Nursing interventions for antacids (4)
- Patients with renal impairments should only use aluminum-based precautions - Take other medications 1 before/after antacids - Older adults with poor nutritional status are at higher risk of hypophosphatemia - Don't self-prescribe antacid use longer than 2 weeks
52
Antisecretory/blocking agents action
Prevent/block selected receptors within the stomach
53
Antisecretory/blocking agents (2)
- PPIs - H2 receptor antagonists
54
Antisecretory/blocking agents therapeutic uses (3)
- Gastric/duodenal ulcers - GERD - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
55
Anti-secretory/blocking agents precautions (2)
- Can't be used while lactating - Use caution in patients with COPD
56
Anti-secretory/blocking agents side/adverse effects (3)
- Increase risk of osteoporosis with long term use, pneumonia in COPD, acid rebound (PPI) - Decreased libido/impotence (H2 blocker) - Lethargy, depression, confusion (H2 blocker)
57
Mucosal protectant medication
Sucralfate
58
Sucralfate action
Adhere to injured gastric ulcers upon contact with gastric acids, protective action for up to 6 hours, has no systemic effects
59
Sucralfate use (2)
- Gastric/duodenal ulcers - GERD
60
Sucralfate precaution
- Chronic renal failure
61
Sucralfate interventions (2)
- Give on empty stomach at least 1 hour before meals - Don't give 30 minutes of antacids
62
Antiemetic medications (4)
- Promethazine - Metoclopramide - Ondansetron - Scopolamine
63
Promethazine side/adverse effects (5)
- Drowsiness - Anticholinergic effects - Severe respiratory depression in kids younger than 2 - EPS - Potentiate effects when given with narcotics
64
Promethazine precautions (2)
- Cardiovascular disease - Hepatic disease
65
Promethazine nursing interventions (3)
- Monitor vitals - Implement safety precautions - For IM use large muscle
66
Metoclopramide side/adverse effects (5)
- Drowsiness - Diarrhea - Restlessness - EPS - Tardive dyskinesia
67
Metoclopramide precautions (3)
- Seizures - Cardiovascular disease - Pheochromocytoma
68
Metoclopramide nursing interventions (2)
- Teach patient about rapid GI emptying - Stop if experiencing EPS
69
Ondansetron side/adverse effects (2)
- Headache - EPS
70
Ondansetron nursing intervention
- Give tablets 30 minutes before chemo and 1 hour before radiation
71
Ondansetron precautions (2)
- Risk for dysrhythmias - Not for patients with prolonged QT interval
72
Scopolamine side/adverse effects (3)
- Blurred vision - Sedation - Anticholinergic effects
73
Scopolamine precautions (2)
- Increased mydriatic effect causing increased ocular pressure - Use caution in patients with glaucoma
74
Scopolamine nursing interventions (2)
- Apply patches behind the ear - Use lubricating eye drops
75
Anti-diarrheal action
Activate opioid receptors in GI tract to decrease intestinal motility and increase absorption of fluid and sodium in the intestine
76
Anti-diarrheal medications (3)
- Diphenoxylate plus atropine - Loperamide - Paregoric
77
Anti-diarrheal precautions (2)
- Increased risk of mega colon for patients with IBS - Paregoric can't be used in patients with COPD
78
Anti-diarrheal side/adverse effects (4)
- Constipation - Drowsiness - Dry mouth - Blurred vision
79
Anti-diarrheal nursing interventions (2)
- Monitor fluid/electrolytes - Avoid caffeine as it increases motility
80
Stool softeners/laxatives medications (4)
- Psyllium - Docusate sodium - Bisacodyl - Magnesium hydroxide
81
Psyllium use
Decrease diarrhea, bulk-forming
82
Docusate sodium use
Relieve constipation, surfactant
83
Bisacodyl use
Pre-procedure colon evacuation, stimulant
84
Magnesium hydroxide use (2)
- Prevent painful elimination, low-dose osmotic - Promote rapid evacuation, high-dose osmotic
85
Stool softener/laxative precautions
- Can't be used in patients with fecal impaction, bowel obstruction, ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis

NCLEX (40 decks)

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