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RADIOLOGIC PATHOLOGY > HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM > Flashcards

HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

This is the largest organ inside the body

A

liver

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2
Q

What are the functions of the liver

A

synthesize & detoxify substancs

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3
Q

What 2 arteries are connected to the liver

A

hepatic artery and portal vein

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4
Q

this is where the storage & concentration of bile takes place

A

gallbladder

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5
Q

system of ducts that acts to drain bile from the liver to the duodenum

A

Biliary Tree

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6
Q

What is the correct passage way of the bile in the biliary tree?

A
  1. right and left hepatic duct
  2. common hepatic duct
  3. gallbladder
  4. common bile duct
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7
Q

what duct is between the hepatic duct and the gallbladder

A

cystic duct

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8
Q

where does the bile exit

A

common bile duct

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9
Q

what is another term for the hepatopancreatic duct

A

sphincter of ODDI

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10
Q

what is the combined duct of the hepatic & pancreatic

A

Ampulla of Vater or hepatopancreatic ampulla

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11
Q

Which hormone triggers the release of the bile to the duodenum

A

cholecystokenin

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12
Q

this is an elongated flat digestive organ

A

pancreas

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13
Q

2 functions of pancreas

A

endocrine and exocrine

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14
Q

this is concerned in the production of 3 digestive enzymes

A

exocrine

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15
Q

what are the 3 digestive enzymes produced in the exocrine

A

amylase, trypsin and lipase

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16
Q

this enzyme assist in the digestion of protein

A

trypsin

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17
Q

what is the function of amylase

A

assist the digestion of large molecules of starch into maltose then into glucose

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18
Q

what is the function of lipase

A

assist in breaking down lipids into fatty acids & glycerol

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19
Q

this are specialized cells in the endocrine function of the pancrease

A

islet of langerhans

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20
Q

what does the endocrine function do?

A

IL releases alpha cells (produces glucagon; increase sugar) & beta cells (insulin; decrease sugar)

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21
Q

Visualize the biliary tree & involves insertion of a needle into the biliary tree by puncture directly through the wall of the abdomen

A

PERCUTANEOUS TRANSHEPATIC CHOLANGIOGRAPHY

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22
Q

what kind of needle is used in percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography?

A

Uses a flexible, 22-gauge, skinny needle (CHIBA)

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23
Q

When is the percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography used?

A

detecting presence of calculi/tumor in the distal CBD

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24
Q

this is Performed by gastroenterologist

A

ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY

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25
the ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY is used to?
* Visualize the biliary system & main pancreatic duct * Provides drainage for the pancreatic enzymes into both the digestive tract & the common bile duct
26
What kind of instrument is used in the ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY
thin catheter
27
* Performed during surgery at the time of a cholecystectomy to detect biliary calculi
OPERATIVE CHOLANGIOGRAPHY
28
How much CM is injected during an operative cholangiography?
6 ml
29
* Used after cholecystectomy to demo patency of the CBD and to check for calculi
T-TUBE CHOLANGIOGRAPHY
30
What kind of tube is used in T-TUBE CHOLANGIOGRAPHY
t-shaped tube
31
* Good choice for imaging the gallbladder & biliary tree
diagnostic ultrasound
32
What mode is used during the ultrasound of gallbladder & biliary tree?
m-mode
33
* Accepted modality for following malignancies * assessing masses
CT SCAN
34
* Helpful in evaluating complications of cholecystitis such as perforations & abscess formations
CT SCAN
35
* Does not require a contrast agent
MRI CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY
36
a known toxin causing cellular damage
alcohol
37
as alcohol cant be stored in the body, what processes does the liver need to do?
the liver must convert it through oxidation, to alcohol dehydrogenase, acetaldehyde, and acetate, all of w/c to reduce cellular function
38
this is the most frequent early response to alcohol abuse
fatty liver
39
* Fatty infiltration may be demoed by
ct/sonography
40
In CT scan, a liver is considered to be fatty if...
its HU is equal to the HU of the spleen (Under normal circumstances, the liver should appear light-gray and the spleen dark gray)
41
who is prone to fatty liver disease?
* Obsess individuals w/ type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, HYPERLIPIDEMIA
42
* Chronic liver condition in w/c liver parenchyma & architecture are destroyed, fibrous tissue is laid down, & regenerative nodules are formed
liver cirrhosis
43
what is ascites
* Accumulation of fluid w/in the peritoneal cavity
44
* Seen as a result of portal hypertensions & the leakage of excessive fluids from the portal capillaries
ascites
45
* Acute inflammation of the gallbladder
cholecystitis
46
symptoms of cholecystitis
a sudden onset of pain, faver, nausea, vomiting
47
cholecystitis is common in?
individuals w/ chronically symptomatic cholelithiasis
48
what modality demoes cholecystitis the best?
* CHOLESCINTOGRAPHY
49
* Inflammation of the pancreatic tissue
pancreatitis
50
* One of the most complex & clinically challenging disorders of the abdomen & is classified as acute/chronic, accdg. To clinical, morphologic & histologic criteria
pancreatitis
51
what are the causes of pancreatitis
* Causes include excessive & chronic alcohol consumption, obstruction of the hepatopancreatic ampulla by a gallstone or tumor & even the injection of contrast media during ERCP
52
* Yellowish discoloration of the skin & whites of the eyes, is not a disease itself but rather a sign of disease
jaundice
53
what's the difference between medical and surgical jaundice?
MJ - non-obstructive; occurs because of hemolytic disease, in w/c too many RBC are destroyed/ because of liver damage from cirrhosis or hepatitis SJ - obstructive; occurs when biliary system is obstructed & prevents the bile from entering the duodenum. A common cause of this obstruction is blockage of the CBD caused by stones/masses
54
another term for cholelithiasis
gallstones
55
* Hardened deposits of digestive fluid
cholelithiasis
56
symptoms of cholelithiasis
bloating, nausea, & pain in the right upper quadrant
57
most people get it by eating/drinking something that’s tainted by fecal matter.
hepatitis a
58
the incubation period of hepatitis a
15-50 days
59
transmitted parenteral through injections or unprotected sex
hepa b
60
incubation period of hepa b -
50-150 days
61
what is hepatitis c?
– comes from infected blood that gets into your blood. Can be caused by shared needles of in connection w/ HIV. Symptoms may not show for many years.
62
who are at most risk for hepa c
baby boomers
63
what is hepatocellular adenoma?
benign tumor of liver
64
what modalities are used to demo hepatocellular adenoma
ct/sonography
65
* Benign neoplasm composed of newly formed blood vessels & these may form in other places w/in the body
hemangioma
66
* Most common type of primary liver cancer * Occurs most often in people w/ chronic liver diseases like cirrhosis
hepatocellular carcinoma
67
* more common than primary carcinoma because of the liver’s role in filtering blood
metastatic liver disease
68
it is the most common site for metastasis
liver
69
* “Porcelain gallbladder”
carcinoma of gallbladder
70
usually rapidly fatal & its diagnosis is difficult because of the location of the pancreas & lack of symptoms before the extensive local spread
carcinoma of pancreas/ pancreatic cancer

RADIOLOGIC PATHOLOGY (13 decks)

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