TRAUMA DISEASES

Question 1

In trauma cases, why might cystography be performed?

Answer 1

Visualize injury to the urinary bladder.

Question 2

What percentage of patients with severe head injuries might also have a cervical spine fracture?

Answer 2

Up to 20%.

Question 3

What type of fracture is commonly associated with wearing only a lap seatbelt?

Answer 3

Lumbar spine injuries.

Question 4

What is a common finding in radiographs of patients with whiplash injuries?

Answer 4

Loss of the normal cervical lordosis.

Question 5

What type of trauma causes compression fractures in the thoracic and lumbar spine?

Answer 5

Direct trauma or hyperextension–flexion injuries (whiplash injuries).

Question 6

A fracture of the second cervical vertebra’s arch caused by acute hyperextension of the head.

Answer 6

Hangman’s fracture

Question 7

What imaging method is preferred for visualizing the transverse longitudinal ligament in a Jefferson fracture?

Answer 7

MRI.

Question 8

What is the primary cause of death in traumatic brain injuries?

Answer 8

Hematomas or swelling causing increased intracranial pressure.

Question 9

What is the risk associated with an open skull fracture?

Answer 9

Development of meningitis or brain abscesses.

Question 10

How can a cerebral cranial fracture be differentiated from vascular markings on a radiograph?

Answer 10

A fracture appears more translucent and linear, while vascular markings are more irregular.

Question 11

What imaging sign is commonly associated with basilar skull fractures?

Answer 11

Air-fluid levels in the sphenoid sinus.

Question 12

What is the mechanism behind traumatic brain injury (TBI)?

Answer 12

Acceleration and deceleration forces causing brain tissue damage.

Question 13

What distinguishes a coup injury from a contrecoup injury in brain trauma?

Answer 13

A coup injury occurs at the point of impact,

a contrecoup injury occurs on the opposite side.

Question 14

What is the most common cause of an epidural hematoma?

Answer 14

A torn middle meningeal artery, often due to a skull fracture.

Question 15

How is a subdural hematoma typically caused?

Answer 15

By tearing of subdural veins, usually following blunt trauma.

Question 16

How does a subarachnoid hematoma differ from other types of brain hematomas?

Answer 16

It accumulates between the arachnoid layer and pia mater, often due to the tearing of small vessels.

Question 17

An incomplete fracture where the bone bends and cracks without breaking completely, common in children.

Answer 17

“greenstick” fracture

Question 18

What type of fracture occurs when the cortex bulges outward?

Answer 18

A buckle or torus fracture.

Question 19

fracture of the distal inch of the radius with dorsal displacement of the fragment.

Answer 19

Colles fracture

Question 20

A fracture of the fifth metacarpal from striking an object with a closed fist.

Answer 20

boxer’s fracture

Question 21

What is a Bennett fracture?

Answer 21

A fracture dislocation at the base of the first carpometacarpal joint.

Question 22

How does a Monteggia fracture occur?

Answer 22

Fracture of the proximal ulna with dislocation of the radial head.

Question 23

What is a Pott fracture?

Answer 23

A fracture involving both malleoli with dislocation of the ankle joint.

Question 24

How does a trimalleolar fracture differ from a bimalleolar fracture?

Answer 24

It involves the medial, lateral, and posterior malleoli.

Question 25

What does the presence of a "fat pad sign" in the elbow indicate?

Answer 25

suggests an underlying fracture, often of the radial head.

Question 26

What are common sites of stress fractures in athletes?

Answer 26

The tibia, fibula, and metatarsals.

Question 27

A severe ankle sprain with a fracture of the proximal third of the fibula.

Answer 27

Maisonneuve fracture

Question 28

A burst fracture of the first cervical vertebra (atlas) caused by axial compression.

Answer 28

Jefferson fracture

Question 29

How does a hangman’s fracture affect the cervical spine?

Answer 29

It causes a fracture of the second cervical vertebra and anterior subluxation on the third vertebra.

Question 30

What is the most common wrist fracture?

Answer 30

Colles fracture.

Question 31

A fracture in which the bone separates into two fragments without additional bone splitting.

Answer 31

complete, noncomminuted fracture

Question 32

A rotary force that twists the bone apart, common in long bones causes what?

Answer 32

spiral fracture

Question 33

What is the most common site for a compression fracture in the spine

Answer 33

T11-T12 and T12-L1 vertebrae.

Question 34

What causes a butterfly fracture?

Answer 34

A comminuted fracture with wedge-shaped fragments splitting off from the main fragments.

Question 35

What is a "burst fracture" in the spine?

Answer 35

A compression fracture where the vertebra shatters under axial force, often involving the lumbar spine.

Question 36

What type of injury is most commonly associated with falling on an outstretched hand?

Answer 36

Colles fracture of the distal radius.

Question 37

What type of brain injury results from rapid acceleration and deceleration of the head?

Answer 37

Traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Question 38

How does a coup-contrecoup brain injury occur?

Answer 38

The brain is injured at the site of impact (coup) and the opposite side of the skull (contrecoup).

Question 39

What is the significance of a radiolucent line in a bone?

Answer 39

It indicates a possible fracture.

Question 40

What type of fracture typically results from a blow to the skull with a high-velocity object?

Answer 40

Depressed skull fracture.

Question 41

What is the first imaging step in suspected cervical spine trauma?

Answer 41

Lateral cervical spine radiography or CT.

Question 42

How are fractures classified as stable or unstable?

Answer 42

A fracture is stable if only one column (anterior or posterior) is involved; it is unstable if both are involved.

Question 43

What is the primary cause of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in younger individuals?

Answer 43

Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) and sports-related injuries.

Question 44

What is a closed head injury?

Answer 44

A brain injury caused by forces of compression, acceleration, and deceleration without an open wound.

Question 45

What are the most commonly affected areas of the brain in traumatic brain injury?

Answer 45

frontal, temporal, and occipital regions.

Question 46

difference between an open and closed fracture

Answer 46

An open (compound) fracture involves the bone breaking through the skin, while a closed fracture does not.

Question 47

What causes a “dinner fork” deformity in a Colles fracture?

Answer 47

dorsal displacement of the distal radius fragment.

Question 48

What is a complete, noncomminuted fracture?

Answer 48

A fracture where the bone breaks into two fragments without splintering.

Question 49

What is the common result of blunt abdominal trauma?

Answer 49

Injuries to the urinary system, particularly the kidneys and bladder.

Question 50

What is a Salter-Harris fracture?

Answer 50

A fracture involving the growth plate in children, classified into five types.

Question 51

What is the most common imaging method used to assess suspected fractures in trauma patients?

Answer 51

Plain radiography (X-ray).

Question 52

What type of fracture is common in elderly patients with osteoporosis?

Answer 52

Compression fractures of the vertebral column.

Question 53

What type of fracture is associated with high-velocity trauma and results in multiple fragments?

Answer 53

Comminuted fracture.

Question 54

How is a blowout fracture of the orbit typically caused?

Answer 54

By blunt trauma to the eye, causing the orbital floor to fracture.

Question 55

A fracture classification involving the maxilla, often from facial trauma. It can be Type I, II, or III depending on the extent of the fracture.

Answer 55

Le Fort fracture

Question 56

How is a Le Fort Type II fracture characterized?

Answer 56

involves a pyramidal fracture of the maxilla, with extension through the nasal bridge, maxilla, and orbital floor.

Question 57

What type of trauma usually causes a tripod fracture of the zygomatic bone?

Answer 57

A direct blow to the cheek, causing fractures at three sutures: zygomatic-frontal, zygomatic-maxillary, and zygomatic-temporal.

Question 58

Why are mandibular fractures often bilateral?

Answer 58

Because the force transmitted through the mandible can cause fractures at two points, usually the angle and condyle.

Question 59

What type of injury is associated with a Smith fracture?

Answer 59

A fracture of the distal radius with volar (palmar) displacement, usually caused by a fall onto a flexed wrist.

Question 60

How does a Le Fort Type III fracture differ from Type I and II?

Answer 60

Le Fort Type III involves a complete craniofacial separation, with fractures extending through the orbits and zygomatic arches.

Question 61

How is a stress fracture different from other fractures?

Answer 61

It is caused by repetitive stress on a bone, rather than a single traumatic event.

Question 62

Where are stress fractures most commonly seen?

Answer 62

weight-bearing bones like the tibia, fibula, and metatarsals

Question 63

type of stress fracture that occurs when muscles become fatigued and cannot absorb shock, transferring the stress to the bone.

Answer 63

fatigue fracture

Question 64

A fracture where a fragment of bone is pulled away by a tendon or ligament.

Answer 64

avulsion fracture

Question 65

What imaging sign is indicative of an orbital blowout fracture?

Answer 65

A “teardrop” sign, where soft tissue from the orbit herniates into the maxillary sinus.

Question 66

What is the most common site of fracture in the mandible?

Answer 66

angle of the mandible