Heredity Flashcards
(16 cards)
Heredity
The passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.
Dominant trait
The trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred.
Recessive trait
A trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred.
Genes
One set of instructions for an inherited trait.
Alleles
One of the alternatives forms of a gene that governs a characteristics such as hair color.
Phenotype
An organisms appearance or other detectable characteristic.
Genotype
The entire genetic makeup of an organism.
Probability
the extent to which something is probable; the likelihood of something happening or being the case.
Meiosis
a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.
Sex chromosomes
a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism, typically one of two kinds.
Pedigree
the record of descent of an animal, showing it to be purebred.
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
Nucleotide
a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.
Mutations
the action or process of mutating.
RNA
ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis
Ribosome
a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells.
