Hip Flashcards
(132 cards)
1
Q
What are the functions of the pelvic girdle?
A
- supports body weight
- site for muscle attachment
- supports and protects the pelvic organs
- provides bony support for the birth canal
2
Q
What 3 bones fused together make up the innominate?
A
- ilium
- pubis
- ischium
3
Q
When does fusion of the 3 bones in the acetabulum occur?
A
between 16-18 years old
4
Q
Name the cartilaginous joint between the medial surface of the bodies of the 2 pubic bones.
A
pubic symphysis
5
Q
What are the bony articulations of the sacroiliac joint?
A
ilium & sacrum
6
Q
What completely surrounds the sacroiliac joint?
A
a fibrous capsule
7
Q
What are (2) sacroiliac joint ligaments?
A
- anterior sacroiliac ligament
- posterior sacroiliac ligaments
8
Q
What are (3) distinct bands of the posterior sacroiliac ligaments?
A
- interosseous sacroiliac ligament
- long posterior sacroiliac ligament
- short posterior sacroiliac ligament
9
Q
What are (2) accessory ligaments of the sacroiliac joint?
A
- Sacrospinous ligament
- Sacrotuberous ligament
10
Q
Where does the sacrospinous ligament attach to + from?
A
sacrum to ischial spine
11
Q
Where does the sacrotuberous ligament attach to + from?
A
sacrum to ischial tuberosity
12
Q
What type of joint is the hip joint?
A
synovial, ball & socket joint
13
Q
What are the bony landmarks of the proximal femur?
A
- Head
- Neck
- Intertrochanteric line
- Greater trochanter
- Lesser trochanter
14
Q
Where does the joint capsule on the femur attach?
A
Anteriorly:
- to the intertrochanteric line
Posteriorly:
- to the neck of the femur
15
Q
What are (3) hip joint ligaments?
A
- Iliofemoral ligament
- Pubofemoral ligament
- Ischiofemoral ligament
16
Q
During hip flexion does the iliofemoral ligament become relaxed or taut?
A
relaxed
17
Q
During hip flexion does the pubofemoral ligament become relaxed or taut?
A
relaxed
18
Q
During hip flexion does the ischiofemoral ligament become relaxed or taut?
A
relaxed
19
Q
During hip extension does the iliofemoral ligament become relaxed or taut?
A
taut
20
Q
During hip extension does the pubofemoral ligament become relaxed or taut?
A
taut
21
Q
During hip extension does the ischiofemoral ligament become relaxed or taut?
A
taut
22
Q
What happens to the (3) hip joint ligaments when standing?
A
they’re under moderate tension
23
Q
What muscles are involved in hip flexion?
A
- Iliopsoas
- Sartorius
- Rectus Femoris
- Tensor Fascia Lata
24
Q
What muscles are involved in hip extension?
A
- Gluteus Maximus
- Semimembranosus
- Semitendinosus
- Biceps Femoris
25
What muscles are involved in hip abduction?
- Gluteus Medius
- Gluteus Minimus
- Tensor Fascia Lata (in hip flexion)
26
What muscles are involved in hip adduction?
- Pectineus
- Adductor Magnus
- Adductor Longus
- Adductor Brevis
- Gracilis
27
What muscles are involved in medial rotation of the hip?
No prime movers but those anterior to hip axis can produce medial rotation
(i.e.: anterior part of gluteus medius and minimus, tensor fascia lata)
28
What muscles are involved in lateral rotation of the hip?
- Obturators
- Gemelli
- Quadratus Femoris
- Piriformis
- Posterior Gluteus Medius
- Superior Gluteus Maximus
29
What happens to a patient's position when standing if they have femoral anteversion?
their feet and knees turn in (closed gait)
30
What happens to a patient's position when standing if they have femoral retroversion?
their feet and knees turn out (opened gait)
31
Where does the hip joint receive its blood supply from?
- the medial + lateral circumflex femoral arteries
- obturator artery
- the superior + inferior gluteal arteries
32
What are common pathologies of the hip?
- Hip fractures and trauma
- Rheumatological conditions (Osteoarthritis & Rheumatoid arthritis)
- Osteonecrosis
- Infections in the bones and joints
- Bursitis
- Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
- Developmental hip dysplasia
- Femoroacetabular impingements (FAI)
- Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS)
- Adductor related groin pain (ARGP)
- Proximal neuropathy
33
What is sacroiliac nutation?
the anterior-inferior movement of the sacrum while the coccyx moves posteriorly relative to the ilium
34
What is sacroiliac counternutation?
a posterior-superior movement of the sacrum while the coccyx moves anterior, relative to the ilium
35
How does nutation and counternutation work in the sacroiliac joint?
when one side is in nutation, the opposite side is in counternutation, and muscular activity will match
36
Describe osteitis pubis pathology of the pelvic region?
One pubic body slips, causing inflammation of the pubic symphysis and surrounding muscle insertions
- affects some females after childbirth
- common in footballers
- may appear as unevenness of the pubic arch
- unknown aetiology
- linked to stresses across the symphysis pubis
- can present as referred pain to the hip joint
37
What are avulsion factures of the hip often caused by?
sports injuries (especially kicking)
38
Who are avulsion fractures of the pelvic region common in?
adolescents + young adults
(as it particularly happens at unfused ossification centres)
39
What is an avulsion fracture?
a fracture occurring when a piece of bone tears away from the site where the muscle attaches to the bone
40
What are some common examples of avulsion fractures in the pelvic region?
ASIS - sartorius muscle
AIIS - rectus femoris muscle
Ischial tuberosity - hamstring muscles
Iliac crest - oblique abdominal + tensor fasciae latae muscles
41
What is ankylosing spondylitis?
a long-term condition in which the spine and other areas of the body become inflamed
42
What is the origin of the tensor fasciae latae muscle?
anterior superior iliac spine + anterior 1/3 of outer lip of iliac crest
43
Where is the insertion of the tensor fasciae latae muscle?
tubercle of iliotibial tract on the tibia (via iliotibial tract)
44
What action is produced by the tensor fascia latae muscle?
- medial rotation
- abduction
- flexion (of thigh at hip joint)
45
What is the innervation of the tensor fasciae latae muscle?
superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
46
What is the arterial supply of the tensor fasciae latae muscle?
- ascending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery
- superior gluteal artery
47
What is the origin of the psoas major muscle?
- transverse processes of L1-L5 vertebrae
- vertebral bodies of T12-L5 vertebrae
- adjacent intervertebral discs
48
Where is the insertion of the psoas major muscle?
lesser trochanter of femur
49
What action is produced by the psoas major muscle?
- flexion of thigh (hip joint)
- flexes trunk
50
What is the innervation of the psoas major muscle?
anterior rami of 1st, 2nd + 3rd lumbar nerves
51
What is the arterial supply for the psoas major muscle?
- lumbar arteries
- lumbar branch of iliolumbar artery
- obturator artery
- external iliac artery
- femoral artery
52
What is the origin of the iliacus muscle?
- iliac crest
- superior 2/3 of iliac fossa
- ala of sacrum
- anterior sacroiliac ligaments
53
Where is the insertion of the iliacus muscle?
lesser trochanter of femur (via tendon of psoas major)
54
What action is produced by the iliacus muscle?
- flexion of thigh (hip joint)
- flexes trunk
55
What is the innervation of the iliacus muscle?
femoral nerve (L2-L3)
56
What is the arterial supply of the iliacus muscle?
- iliac branch of iliolumbar artery
- deep circumflex iliac artery
- obturator artery
- femoral artery
57
Where does the iliotibial band attach to & from?
- from the anterolateral portion of the iliac crest
- to the tubercle of iliotibial tract (on the lateral condyle of the tibia)
58
What is the origin of the pectineus muscle?
superior pubic ramus
59
Where is the insertion of the pectineus muscle?
pectineal line of femur
60
What action is produced by the pectineus muscle?
- adduction (hip joint)
- flexion (hip joint)
61
What is the innervation of the pectineus muscle?
- femoral nerve (L2-L3)
- obturator nerve (L2-L3)
62
What is the arterial supply of the pectineus muscle?
- medial circumflex femoral artery
- obturator artery
63
What is the origin of the adductor magnus muscle?
- inferior pubic ramus
- ramus of ischium
- ischial tuberosity
64
Where is the insertion of the adductor magnus muscle?
- gluteal tuberosity
- linea aspera
- medial supracondylar line
- adductor tubercle
65
What action is produced by the adductor magnus muscle?
- adduction (hip joint)
- flexion (hip joint)
- extends (hip joint)
66
What is the innervation of the adductor magnus muscle?
- obturator nerve (L2-L4)
- tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4)
67
What is the arterial supply of the adductor magnus muscle?
- deep femoral artery
- obturator artery
- femoral artery
68
What is the origin of the adductor longus?
anterior surface of body of pubis
69
Where is the insertion of the adductor longus muscle?
middle 1/3 of linea aspera of femur
70
What action is produced by the adductor longus?
adduction (hip joint)
71
What is the innervation of the adductor longus muscle?
anterior branch of obturator nerve (L2-L3)
72
What is the arterial supply of the adductor longus muscle?
- deep femoral artery
- medial circumflex femoral artery
73
What is the origin of the adductor brevis muscle?
- body of pubis
- inferior pubic ramus
74
Where is the insertion of the adductor brevis muscle?
proximal 1/3 of medial lip of linea aspera of femur
75
What is the action produced by the adductor brevis muscle?
adduction (hip joint)
76
What is the innervation of the adductor brevis muscle?
anterior branch of obturator nerve (L2-L3)
77
What is the arterial supply to the adductor brevis muscle?
deep femoral artery
78
What is the origin of the gracilis muscle?
- body of pubis
- inferior pubic ramus
79
Where is the insertion of the gracilis muscle?
medial aspect of proximal part of tibia
80
What action is produced by the gracilis muscle?
- adduction of thigh (hip joint)
- flexion of leg (knee joint)
- medial rotation of leg (knee joint)
81
What is the innervation of the gracilis muscle?
obturator nerve (L2-L3)
82
What is the arterial supply of the gracilis muscle?
- deep femoral artery
- medial circumflex femoral artery
83
What is the origin of the sartorius muscle?
anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
84
Where is the insertion of the sartorius muscle?
medial aspect of proximal part of tibia
85
What action is produced by the sartorius muscle?
- flexion (hip joint)
- abduction (hip joint)
- lateral rotation (hip joint)
- flexion (knee joint)
- medially rotates (knee joint)
86
What is the innervation of the sartorius muscle?
femoral nerve (L2-L3)
87
What is the arterial supply of the sartorius muscle?
femoral artery
88
What is the origin of the gluteus maximus muscle?
- area of ilium located posterior to its posterior gluteal line
- posterior aspects of sacrum + coccyx
- sacrotuberous ligament
89
Where is the insertion of the gluteus maximus muscle?
tubercle of iliotibial tract on tibia (via iliotibial tract)
- gluteal tuberosity of femur
90
What action is produced by the gluteus maximus muscle?
- extension (hip joint)
- lateral rotation (hip joint)
- abduction (hip joint)
91
What is the innervation of the gluteus maximus muscle?
inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
92
What is the arterial supply of the gluteus maximus muscle?
superior + inferior gluteal arteries
93
What is the origin of the gluteus minimus muscle?
area of ilium located between anterior + inferior gluteal lines
94
Where is the insertion of the gluteus minimus muscle?
anterolateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur
95
What is the action produced by the gluteus minimus muscle?
- medial rotation (hip joint)
- abduction (hip joint)
96
What is the innervation of the gluteus minimus muscle?
superior gluteal nerve (L5-S1)
97
What is the arterial supply of the gluteus minimus muscle?
deep branch of superior gluteal artery
98
What is the origin of the gluteus medius muscle?
area of ilium located between anterior + posterior gluteal lines
99
Where is the insertion of the gluteus medius muscle?
lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur
100
What action is produced by the gluteus medius muscle?
- medial rotation (hip joint)
- abduction (hip joint)
101
What is the innervation of the gluteus medius muscle?
superior gluteal nerve (L5-S1)
102
What is the arterial supply of the gluteus medius muscle?
deep branch of superior gluteal artery
103
What is the origin of the piriformis muscle?
- pelvic surface of sacrum
- sacrotuberous ligament
104
Where is the insertion of the piriformis muscle?
superior border of greater trochanter of femur
105
What is the action produced by the piriformis muscle?
- lateral rotation (hip joint)
- transverse abduction (hip joint)
106
What is the innervation of the piriformis muscle?
nerve to piriformis (S1-S2)
107
What is the arterial supply of the piriformis muscle?
- superior + inferior gluteal arteries
- internal pudendal artery
- lateral sacral artery
108
What is the origin of the quadratus femoris muscle?
lateral margin of ischial tuberosity
109
Where is the insertion of the quadratus femoris muscle?
quadrate tubercle of femur
110
What action is produced by the quadratus femoris muscle?
lateral rotation (hip joint)
111
What is the innervation of the quadratus femoris muscle?
nerve to quadratus femoris (L5-S1)
112
What is the arterial supply of the quadratus femoris muscle?
- medial circumflex femoral artery
- inferior gluteal artery
113
What is the origin of the obturator internus muscle?
internal surface of obturator membrane & adjacent bones
114
Where is the insertion of the obturator internus muscle?
medial aspect of greater trochanter of femur
115
What is the action produced by the obturator internus muscle?
- lateral rotation (hip joint)
- transverse abduction (hip joint)
116
What is the innervation of the obturator internus muscle?
nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1)
117
What is the arterial supply to the obturator internus muscle?
- internal pudendal
- obturator artery
118
What is the origin of the obturator externus muscle?
external surface of obturator membrane & adjacent bones
119
Where is the insertion of the obturator externus muscle?
trochanteric fossa of femur
120
What action is produced by the obturator externus muscle?
lateral rotation (hip joint)
121
What is the innervation of the obturator externus muscle?
posterior branch of obturator nerve (L3-L4)
122
What is the arterial supply of the obturator externus muscle?
- obturator artery
- medial circumflex femoral artery
123
What is the origin of the superior gemellus muscle?
ischial spine
124
Where is the insertion of the superior gemellus muscle?
medial aspect of greater trochanter of femur
125
What is the action produced by the superior gemellus muscle?
- lateral rotation (hip joint)
- transverse abduction (hip joint)
126
What is the innervation of the superior gemellus muscle?
nerve to obturator internus (L5-S2)
127
What is the arterial supply of the superior gemellus muscle?
- internal pudendal
- inferior gluteal artery
128
What is the origin of the inferior gemellus muscle?
ischial tuberosity
129
Where is the insertion of the inferior gemellus muscle?
medial aspect of greater trochanter of femur
130
What action is produced by the inferior gemellus muscle?
- lateral rotation (hip joint)
- transverse abduction (hip joint)
131
What is the innervation of the inferior gemellus muscle?
nerve to quadratus femoris (L5-S1)
132
What is the arterial supply of the inferior gemellus muscle?
medial circumflex femoral artery
