Paediatrics Flashcards
What are fine motor skills in child development?
=using hands to be able to eat draw, dress, play and write
What are gross motor skills in child development?
= large group of muscles to sit, stand, walk, run, keep balance and change positions
What are the 5 elements of typical development in children?
- gross motor
- fine motor
- language
- cognitive
- social
What does movement provide children?
- enables self exploration and body awareness, providing independence
- gives comfort, security and safety
- contributes to a child’s social and emotional development
- needed for dynamic elements of postural stability, which underlies skill performance
What are language skills in child development?
= speaking, using body language and gestures, communicating and understanding
What are cognitive skills in child development?
= thinking skills (e.g., learning and understanding, problem – solving, remembering)
What are social skills in child development?
= interacting with others, having relationships, co-operating and responding to feelings
What are some examples of innate reflexes in newborns?
- Moro’s reflex
- Righting reflex
- Reflex of oral automatism
- Grasp’s reflex
- Babinski’s reflex
What is child neglect abuse?
= persistent failure to meet a child’s basic physical and/or psychological needs.
What are the 4 types of child abuse?
- physical
- emotional
- sexual
- neglect
What is physical child abuse?
= hitting, shaking, throwing, poisoning, burning or scalding, drowning, suffocating, or otherwise causing physical harm to a child.
What is emotional child abuse?
= persistent emotional maltreatment of a child to cause severe and persistent adverse effects on the child’s emotional development.
What is sexual child abuse?
= involves forcing or enticing a child or young person to take part in sexual activities.
When is the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) onset?
0-2 months
When is the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) integration?
4-6 months
What is the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) response?
arms and leg on jaw side extends, while arm and leg on skull side flex
What is the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) stimulus?
rotation of the head to one side
When is the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) importance?
- early eye-hand regard
- vestibularstimulation
-changes distribution of muscle tone
What are (7) common paediatric respiratory conditions?
- Asthma
- Bronchiectasis
- Bronchiolitis
- Chronic lung disease (pre-term infants)
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Emphysema
- Pneumonia – community or hospital acquired
What are some common paediatric joint (MSK) conditions?
- Flat feet
- Toe walkers
- In-toeing gait
- Genu varum / bowlegs
- Genu valgum / knock knees
- developmental hip dysplasia
- Perthe’s disease
- Fractures
- Slipped upper femoral epiphysis
- Congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot)
- Osteogenesis imperfecta
- Osgood Schlatter’s
- Osteochondritis dissecans
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
What is juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?
= a chronic inflammatory condition in children primarily affecting synovial joints
What are (4) clinical features of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?
- Joint inflammation, pain, stiffness and swelling
- Acute anterior uveitis – pain and redness of eyes; chronic eye problems can cause blindness
- Fatigue and malaise
- Growth retardation
What are some diagnostic tools for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?
- P-GALS – (paeds gait arm leg spine) tool to diagnose the disease
- X-rays
- Blood tests e.g., full blood count, r/o anaemia and cancer
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
- C-reactive protein
- Serum Rh Factor
- Positive anti-nuclear bodies
How do you manage juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?
- physiotherapy
- drugs – NSAIDs, corticosteroid joint injections, Disease modifying drugs (e.g., methotrexate, corticosteroids)
- eye screening
