Histology

Question 1

Tissues

Answer 1

Groups of cells similar in structure and function

Question 2

The four types of tissues are

Answer 2

1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Muscle
4. Neural

Question 3

Functions of Epithelial Tissue are

Answer 3

1. Protection
2. Control permeability
3. Secretion
4. Sensory reception

Question 4

Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue are

Answer 4

1. Cellularity
2. Connections
3. Polarity
4. Supported by connective tissue
5. Avascular but innervated
6. Regenerative

Question 5

Cellularity is

Answer 5

composed almost entirely of cells

Question 6

Connections are

Answer 6

cells held together by tight junctions and desmosomes

Question 7

Polarity

Answer 7

apical and basal surfaces

Question 8

Supportive connective tissue is

Answer 8

basement membrane

Question 9

Regenerative

Answer 9

rapidly replaces lost cells by mitosis

Question 10

Two apical modifications are

Answer 10

1. Cilia

2. Microvilli

Question 11

Classification of Epithelia

Answer 11

1. # of cell layers

2. Shape of cells

Question 12

Stratified tissues are named by

Answer 12

the shape of the apical layer of cells

Question 13

Endothelium and mesothelium are both

Answer 13

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Question 14

Endothelium lines the

Answer 14

inside of the heart and blood vessels

Question 15

Mesothelium lines the

Answer 15

pericardial cavity and the peritoneal cavity

Question 16

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 16

Single layer of cube like cells with large,spherical, centralized nuclei

Question 17

Function of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 17

Secretion and absorption

Question 18

Location of Function of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 18

Kidney tubules;ducts and secretary portions of small glands; ovary surface

Question 19

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Answer 19

Single layer with tall cells with round to oval nuclei; some cells bear cilia; layer may contain mucus secreting unicellular glands

Question 20

Function of Simple Columnar Epithelium

Answer 20

absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes,and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus by ciliated action

Question 21

Location of Simple Columnar Epithelium

Answer 21

Non ciliated type lines most of the digestive tract , gallbladder and excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi,uterine tubes and some regions of the uterus

Question 22

Pseudostratified (ciliated) Columnar Epithelium

Answer 22

Single layer of cells differing heights, some not reaching the free surface; nuclei seen at different levels; may contain goblet cells and bear cilia

Question 23

Function of Pseudostratified (ciliated) Columnar Epithelium

Answer 23

Secretion particularly of mucus; propulsion of mucus by ciliary action

Question 24

Location of Pseudostratified (ciliated) Columnar Epithelium

Answer 24

Non ciliated type in males sperm carrying ducts and ducts of large glands; ciliated variety lines the trachea most of the upper respiratory system

Question 25

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Answer 25

Thick membrane composed of many cell layers; basal cells are cubodial or columnar and metabolically active;;surface cells are flattened

Question 26

Stratified Squamous Epithelium function

Answer 26

Protects underlying tissue in areas subjected to abrasion.

Question 27

Stratified Squamous Epithelium location

Answer 27

Nonkeratintized type forms the moist lining of the esophagus mouth and vagina; keratintized variety forms the epidermis of the skin a dry membrane

Question 28

Transitional Epithelium

Answer 28

Resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal; surface cells dome shaped or squamous like depending on degree of organ stretch

Question 29

Transitional Epithelium function

Answer 29

Stretches readily and prevents distension of urinary organ by contained urine

Question 30

Transitional Epithelium location

Answer 30

Lines the ureters, bladder and part of the urethra

Question 31

Glands are

Answer 31

epithelial tissue

Question 32

Secrete product into duct

Answer 32

Exocrine glands

Question 33

Examples of exocrine glands

Answer 33

Ex: mucous, sweat, oil, and salivary glands | Goblet (mucous) cell- unicellular gland

Question 34

No ducts: secretions picked up by bloodstream

Answer 34

Endocrine glands

Question 35

Exocrine glands are characterized by

Answer 35

their mode of secretion

Question 36

secretes product outside of cell without harming cell

Answer 36

Merocrine

Question 37

Part of cell breaks off

Answer 37

Apocrine

Question 38

Cell explodes

Answer 38

Holocrine

Question 39

Examples of merocrine

Answer 39

sweat & salivary glands

Question 40

Examples of apocrine

Answer 40

mammary glands

Question 41

Examples of holocrine

Answer 41

oil glands

Question 42

1. Cutaneous – skin 2. Mucous – lines body cavities open to the exterior 3. Serous membrane

Answer 42

Epithelial Membranes

Question 43

Inflammation of visceral/parietal membrane of the pleural cavity

Answer 43

Pleurisy

Question 44

Inflammation of visceral/parietal membrane of the peritoneal cavity

Answer 44

Peritonitis