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ANATOMYY2S2 > histology of small duodenum > Flashcards

histology of small duodenum Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of small intestine ?

A

principal site for absorption

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2
Q

what are the factors that provide an enormous surface area?

A

Length of small intestine

Pilcae circulares ( Valves of kerking )

Vili

Microvili

Crypts , called crypts of lieberkuhn

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3
Q

describe the pilcae circulares?

A

the mucosa and submucosa are thrown into circularly arranged folds

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4
Q

describe the villi?

A

projections on top of the plicae circulares

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5
Q

describe microvili ?

A

smaller vili’s and projections on top of plicae circulares

Forms the brush border

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6
Q

describe the crypts of lieberkuhn? / intestinal crypts

A

space between the villi projections called crypts

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7
Q

what happens in celiac disease ?

A

loss of intestinal villi —-> symptoms of malabsorption

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8
Q

describe the plicae circulare of jejunum?

A

empty food = highest absorption activity —> closely packed plicae

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9
Q

describe the mucosa of ileum?

A

it has patches —> peyers patches for protection ( pebble shape )

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10
Q

what are the layers of digestive tract?

A

Mucosa

submucosa

muscularis externa

Serosa/ adventitia

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11
Q

what are the components of mucosa?

A

Epithelium lining

Lamina propria

Muscularis mucosa ( MM )

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12
Q

describe the epithelium lining of mucosa?

A

Simple columnar

from the stomach to colon = Simple columnar

other areas = Stratified squamous

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13
Q

describe the lamina propria of the mucosa?

A

collagen and reticular fibers

blood vessels

nerve ending

glands and mucosa associated lymph tissue ( MALTS )

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14
Q

what is the function of MALTS?

A

monitor and produce an immune response to pathogens passing with food through GI tract

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15
Q

describe Muscularis mucosa (MM)?

A

very thin smooth muscle

made of inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle

Inner —> circular

Outer —-> longitudinal

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16
Q

what is the function of muscularis mucosa ? MM

A

Causes local folding of mucosal layers

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17
Q

what is the extension of Muscularis mucosa MM?

A

Extends into the mucosa but doesnt REACH THE VILLI

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18
Q

what are the modifications of the lumen surface that facilitates absorption ?

A

Circular folds –> Plicae circulares

Intestinal villi

Microvili

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19
Q

describe plicae circulares?

A

Transverse permanent folds of mucosa and submucosa

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20
Q

describe the intestinal villi?

A

Finger like projections of the mucosa

Contain central core of lamina propria with single lacteal , capillary loops

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21
Q

what is the function of intestinal villi?

A

absorb and breakdown products of fat

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22
Q

what covers the intestinal villi?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

23
Q

describe microvilli?

A

make brush border

finger like projections of plasma membrane of absorptive columnar epithelial cells

24
Q

where is the maximum amount of goblet cells found ?

A

in the ileum

As you go down from duodenum to the ileum it will increase in the amount

25
where is the longest villi found?
longest villi found in duodenum Becomes shorter as you go down ---> so shortest in ileum
26
what found in the submucosa of duodenum?
Brunners glands ---> excretory ducts drain the secretion into the crypts of lieberkun only present in duodenum so if you see brunners glands + long villi = duodenum leaflike shape villi
27
what present in the submucosa of jejunum?
nothing special if u see nothing special in the submucosa + Finger like shape = jejunum
28
what found in the submucosa ileum?
peyers patch --> lymphoid aggregates forming large follicles extend throughout the lamina propria and submucosa M cells --> antigen transporting cells Villi are short if you see short villi + peyers patch = ileum
29
what are the cells types found in the mucosa of small intestine ?
Crypt based columnar cell + stem cells Transit amplifying cells Paneth cells Tuft cells / chemosensory cells Neuroendocrine/ APUD cells Goblet cells Absorptive cells / enterocytes Membrane epithelial / M cells
30
what is the location of crypt based columnar cells + stem cells?
base of the crypts
31
what is the function of crypt based columnar cells + stem cells?
divide continuously to replenish other epithelial cell types ----> has mitotic figures
32
what are transit amplifying cells ?
undifferentiated cells in transition between stem cells and differentiated cells
33
what is the location of paneth cells?
Base of the crypts
34
describe paneth cells?
prominent eosinophilic apical granules defense : the granules contain antimicrobial enzymes to provide the first time of defense against any disease producing microbes which survive passage through the stomach
35
what are the cells responsible for sensing ?
Tuft cells chemosensory cells
36
what is the location of neuroendocrine / APAUD cells?
in the crypts
37
what is the function of neuroendocrine/APUD cells?
produce locally acting hormones regulating GI motility and secretions
38
describe goblet cells?
scattered --> more as we get down produce mucin for lubrications of the intestinal contents and protections of the epithelium
39
describe absorptive cells / enterocytes ?
tall columnar cells with oval basal nucleus lining the villi apical surface with microvilli / brush border each cell has 3000 microvilli for increased surface area
40
describe membranous epithelial / M cells?
Specialized epithelial cells ---> have microfolds not microvilli ( NO MICROVILLI ) Overlying the peyers patches ( ON TOP OF IT) peyers is in the ileum
41
what is the function M cells?
Sample antigen of the intestinal lumen and present them to the lymphocytes and macrophages of the underlying lymphatic nodules in ileum
42
what does the submucosa contain ?
Loose areolar connective tissue Elastic fibers blood vessels Lymphatic vessels in duodenum ---> brunners glands ( mucous glands ) in ILEUM ---> peyers patches Meissners plexus ( submucosal plexus )
43
what does muscular externa contain?
Two layers of smooth muscles : INNER circular and OUTER longitudinal Myenteric plexus ( AUERBACH plexus )
44
what does adventitia contain ?
loose connective tissue
45
what is serosa?
mesothelial lining : simple squamous layer / peritoneum on top of a layer of loose connective tissue THAT secretes slippery fluid plenty of adipose tissue
46
describe the characteristics of large intestine MUCOSA ?
Mucosa has folds EXECEPT AT THE RECTUM AREA NO VILLI Epithelium : Columnar with SHORT MICROVILLI NUMEROUS GOLBET CELLS Glands of lieberkuhn : CONTAIN goblet cells and FEW endocrine cells Function of epithelium include water absorption , mucous , production and feces formation Few crypts are present ( between the microvilli )
47
what is the content of lamina propria of large inestine ?
lymphoid cells and some nodules (SOLITAIRY LYMPHOID FOLLICLES ) because theres increased bacterial population in Large intestine : solitary lymphoid follicles and HUGE AMOUNT OF GOBLET CELLS in ileum : Peyers patches, fewer goblet cells
48
describe the muscular externa of large intestine ?
Inner circular layer Outer longitudinal
49
what does outer longitudinal layer forms?
3 bands ----> teniae coli
50
what does the mucosa in the anal area have?
longitudinal folds
51
what happens to the mucosal epithelium 2 cm above the anus?
becomes stratified squamous KERATINIZED to protect in the esophagus ( stratified squamous non keratinized )
52
what is haustrations ?
sacculations of large intestines
53
describe the appendix ?
Retrocecal organ Evagination of large intestine Narrow lumen with abundant lymphoid follicles in the submucosa Structure similar to large intestine NO TENDIA COLI
54
how do differentiate between appendix , Large intestine , Ileum ?
Appendix : HUGE AMOUNT OF GOBLET + patches of lymphoid follicles + no tenaie coli Large intestine : a lot of goblet cells + solitary lymphoid follicles + Tenaie foli Ileum : Goblet cells + peyers patches

ANATOMYY2S2 (19 decks)

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