Flashcards in History of Psychopathology Deck (48):
1
Treatments in ancient history (supernatural tradition)
Trephination (drill hole in skull)
Appeal to gods
2
Treatments in dark ages (supernatural tradition)
Exorcism
Torture (spinning chair, sensory deprivation chair, put in snake pits, douse with cold water, etc.)
3
Malleus Maleficarum
"The Witches' Hammer"
Reference tool for investigators of witches and demons
Precursor for Salem witch trials
4
Theory of 4 humors
Normal if all were equally balanced, but caused problems if one was out of whack
5
Blood (4 humors)
Excess caused excessive happiness
6
Black bile (4 humors)
Excess caused depression
7
Yellow bile (4 humors)
Excess caused irritability
8
Phlegm (4 humors)
Excess caused apathy
9
Wandering uterus
Ancient Greek theory of mental illness in women
When uterus goes to place in body, causes problems there
10
Deception of Demons
Renaissance book that emphasized observation and understanding of mental illness rather than torture
11
Philippe Pinel
Advocated humane treatment of mentally ill
Moral therapy: give people individual rooms, give them things to do (art, etc.)
12
Dorthea Dix
Mental hygiene movement (advocating for humane treatment)
Basically American version of Pinel
13
Syphilis
Advanced form of disease: general paresis (confusion, delirium, hallucinations)
Understanding of disease (bacterial infection) gave rise to discovery that mental symptoms can be caused by physical illness
14
Emil Kraeplin
Developed classification system for mental disorders, which led to ability to diagnose
15
Prevalence
How many people have disorder
16
Incidence
How many new people develop disorder
17
Course
Pattern of development and change in a disorder
18
Prognosis
Anticipated course of disorder
19
Etiology
Cause or set of causes for disorder
20
Prevention
Efforts to decrease incidence of disorder
21
Wilhelm Wundt
Father of psychology
Had first psych lab in Leipzig, Germany
22
Psychoanalysis
Developed by Freud
1st theory to explain abnormal behavior
Conscious vs. unconscious: unconscious controls person (can't ever be aware of unconscious)
23
Id
Pleasure portion of unconscious in psychoanalysis
Immediate gratification
24
Superego
Morality portion of unconscious in psychoanalysis
25
Ego
Mediator between id and superego
Balances the two (too much id: narcissism; too much superego: anxiety)
26
Denial
Defense mechanism in psychoanalysis
Not admitting painful truth
27
Displacement
Defense mechanism in psychoanalysis
Taking out feelings of anger on safer target
28
Projection
Defense mechanism in psychoanalysis
Project own feelings onto others
29
Rationalization
Defense mechanism in psychoanalysis
Provide a plausible, but inaccurate reason for behavior
30
Reaction formation
Defense mechanism in psychoanalysis
Harbor deep-seated feelings inside, but overcompensate in opposite direction
31
Repression
Defense mechanism in psychoanalysis
Unconsciously forget painful experiences
32
Regression
Defense mechanism in psychoanalysis
Slipping back into infantile behavior
33
Sublimation
Defense mechanism in psychoanalysis
Channel negative feelings into creative medium
34
Psychosexual stages
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital
35
Oral stage
Psychoanalysis
Task: weaning
Fixation: constant need for something in the mouth
36
Anal stage
Psychoanalysis
Task: toilet training
Fixation: anal retentive (perfectionistic) or anal expulsive (sloppy)
37
Phallic stage
Psychoanalysis
Task: recognition of male vs. female and development of same-sex role model
38
Latency stage
Psychoanalysis
Task: watching same-sex parent (late pre-teens)
39
Genital stage
Psychoanalysis
Task: creating intimate relationships
Fixation: don't get married
40
Classical conditioning
Unconditioned stimulus is paired with conditioned stimulus: after repeated pairings, conditioned stimulus elicits response previously associated with unconditioned stimulus
41
Positive reinforcement
Operant conditioning
Adding something
Results in increase in behavior
42
Negative reinforcement
Operant conditioning
Taking something away
Results in increase in behavior
43
Positive punishment
Operant conditioning
Adding something
Results in decrease in behavior
44
Negative punishment
Operant conditioning
Taking something away
Results in decrease in behavior
45
Vicarious conditioning
Behaviors can be learned by observing others
46
Cognitive theory
Thoughts are critical
Beliefs about world and self
Automatic thoughts
Interpretations (depend on context): most important part of theory
47
Humanism
Self actualization: innate capacity for growth
Issues arise when mismatch between current self and ideal self
People will blossom if put in proper environment and provided with proper support system
48