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HNS 1 Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

Name 1 number on this diagram

A

Subarachnoid space

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2
Q

Name number 2 on this diagram

A

Dura mater

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3
Q

Name number 3 on this diagram

A

Arachnoid mater

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4
Q

Name number 4 on this diagram

A

Pia mater

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5
Q

Name number 5 on this diagram

A

Superior sagittal sinus (dural venous space)

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6
Q

Name number 6 on this diagram

A

Outer periosteal layer of dura mater

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7
Q

Name number 7 on this diagram

A

Inner meningeal layer of dura mater

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8
Q

Name number 1 on this diagram

A

Meningeal layer of dura mater

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9
Q

Name number 2 on this diagram

A

Periosteal layer of dura mater

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10
Q

Name number 3 on this diagram

A

Periosteum

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11
Q

Name number 4 on this diagram

A

Spinal dura mater

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12
Q

Name number 5 on this diagram

A

Spinal extradural space

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13
Q

Name number 6 on this diagram

A

Foramen magnum

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14
Q

Describe the dura mater

A
  • 2 layers - periosteal and meningeal
  • Thick covering of brain
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15
Q

Describe the arterial supply of the dura mater

A

The dura mater is supplied by the Anterior, middle & accessory, posterior meningeal arteries which supply their respective areas of the dura mater. eg. anterior MA supplies anterior cranial fossa.

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16
Q

Where is the outer periosteal layer of the dura mater attached and what does it contain?

A

Firmly to the skull
Contains the meningeal arteries

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17
Q

Where does the superior sagittal sinous drain into?

A

Confulence of sinuses -> Internal jugular vein

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18
Q

Name number 1 on this diagram

A

Emissary vein

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19
Q

Name number 2 on this diagram

A

Diploic vein

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20
Q

Why are the emissary veins so clinically important?

A

Because they drain from outside of the skull (cranial cavity) and have no valves, they can therefore be a conduit through which infections can enter the cranial cavity

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21
Q

Name the dural venous sinuses

A
  • The superior sagittal sinus
  • The inferior sagittal sinus
  • The straight sinus
  • The transverse sinus
  • The sigmoid sinus
  • The occipital sinus
  • The conlfuence of sinuses
  • The cavernous sinus
  • The sphenoparietal sinus
  • The superior petrosal sinus
  • The inferior petrosal sinus
  • The basilar sinus
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22
Q

Name number 1 on the diagram of dural partitions

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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23
Q

Name number 2 on the diagram of dural partitions

A

Falx cerebri

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24
Q

Name number 3 on the diagram of dural partitions

A

Infundibulum

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25
Name number 4 on the diagram of dural partitions
Diaphragma sellae
26
Name number 5 on the diagram of dural partitions
Tentorium cerebelli
27
Name number 6 on the diagram of dural partition
Falx cerebelli
28
Name number 7 on the diagram of dural partitions
Tentorial notch
29
What happens in the extra dural space during an extradural haemorrhage?
This potential space between dura and bone can become a fluid filled space when there is rupture of a meningeal artery or a torn dural venous sinus.
30
What happens in the subdural space during a subdural haemorrhage
Bleeding due to the tearing of a dural venous sinus can result in this space forming inbetween the innermost layer of the meningeal dura and the arachnoid mater.
31
Name the colour coded regions of the skull
Green- Anterior cranial fossa Blue - Middle cranial fossa Red - Posterior cranial fossa
32
Name number 1 on this diagram of the skull
Frontal bone
33
Name number 2 on this diagram of the skull
Bregma
34
Name number 3 on this diagram of the skull
Sagittal suture
35
Name number 4 on this diagram of the skull (skip card)
Parietal foramen
36
Name number 5 on this diagram of the skull
Lambda
37
Name number 6 on this diagram of the skull
Occipital bone
38
Name number 7 on this diagram of the skull
Lambdoid suture
39
Name number 8 on this diagram of the skull
Parietal bone
40
Name number 9 on this diagram of the skull
Coronal suture
41
What is the purpose of the fontanelles in the fetus and newborn skull?
-Allows head to deform during its passage through birth canal - Postnatal growth
42
Name number 1 on this diagram of cranial foramina
Cribiform plate
43
Name number 2 on this diagram of cranial foramina
Optic canal
44
Name number 3 on this diagram of cranial foramina
Superior orbital fissure
45
Name number 4 on this diagram of cranial foramina
Foramen lacerum (filled w cartilage in life)
46
Name number 5 on this diagram of cranial foramina
Internal acoustic meatus
47
Name number 6 on this diagram of cranial foramina
Hypoglossal canal
48
Name number 7 on this diagram of cranial foramina
Foramen magnum
49
Name number 8 on this diagram of cranial foramina
Jugular foramen
50
Name number 9 on this diagram of cranial foramina
Foramen spinosum
51
Name number 10 on this diagram of cranial foramina
Carotid canal
52
Name number 11 on this diagram of cranial foramina
Foramen ovale
53
Name number 12 on this diagram of cranial foramina
Foramen rotundum
54
Name number 1 on this diagram of cranial foramina
Foramen ovale
55
Name number 2 on this diagram of cranial foramina
Foramen Spinosum
56
Name number 3 on this diagram of cranial foramina
Hypoglossal canal
57
Name number 4 on this diagram of cranial foramina
Jugular foramen
58
Name number 5 on this diagram of cranial foramina
Foramen magnum
59
Name number 6 on this diagram of cranial foramina
Sylomastoid foramen
60
Name number 7 on this diagram of cranial foramina
Carotid canal
61
What structure/s passes through the foramen rotundum
Maxillary division (CNV2) the trigeminal nerve (CNV)
62
What structure/s passes through the foramen ovale
Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CNV)
63
What structure/s passes through the carotid canal?
Internal carotid artery
64
What structure/s passes through the foramen spinosum?
Middle meningeal artery
65
What structure/s passes through the Jugular foramen?
Glossopharyneal nerve (CN9) Vagus nerve (CN10) Accessory nerve (CN11) Internal jugular vein
66
What structure/s passes through the Foramen magnum?
- Spinal cord - Vertebral arteries - Roots of accessory nerve
67
What structure/s passes through the cribiform plate?
Olfactory nerves (CN1)
68
What structure/s passes through the optic canal?
- Optic nerve (CN2) - Opthalmic artery
69
What structure/s passes through the superior orbital fissure
- Opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve - Oculomotor nerve (CN3) - Trochlear (CN4) - Abducens (CN6) - Superior opthalmic vein
70
What structure/s passes through the INTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS
- Facial nerve (CN7) - Vestibulocochlear (CN8)
71
What structure/s passes through the Hypoglossal canal
Hypoglossal nerve CN12
72
What structure/s passes through the STYLOMASTOID FORAMEN
Facial nerve CN7
73
What are the layers of the scalp?
**S**kin **C**onnective tissue (dense) **A**poneurosis **L**oose connective tissue **P**ericranium
74
What does the dense connective tissue in the scalp contain?
Arteries,veins and nerves that supply the scalp
75
What does the aponeurotic layer of the scalp consist of ?
- Occipitofrontalis muscle - Epicranial neurosis tendon connecting the frontal and occipital belly of the occfipitofrontalis muscle
76
What is the function of the occipitofrontalis muscle?
Move the scalp, wrinkle forehead and raise forehead
77
What is the occipitofrontalis muscle innervated by?
Frontal belly - Temporal branch of the facial nerve Occipital belly - Posterior auricular branch
78
How is the loose connective tissue of the scalp clinically important
Can facilitate the localisation and spread of infections
79
Describe the gross innervation of the scalp
**Anterior to ears and vertex** - Innervated by branches of the trigeminal nerve **Posterior to ears and the vertex** - Cervical nerves, specifically branches from spinal levels C2 and C3
80
Which arteries supply the scalp?
Branches of the external carotid artery and the opthalmic artery (branch of internal carotid artery). NB. specific branches of arteries follow same pattern as veins
81
Which veins drain the scalp?
- **Supratrochlear and supra orbital veins** drain ANTERIOR scalp - **Superficial temporal vein** drains LATERAL scalp - **Posterior auricular vein** drains scalp posterior to ear - **Occipital vein** drains POSTERIOR scalp
82
Why do scalp lacerations bleed so profusely?
- Supplied by external carotid arteries - Dense connective tissue holds the vessels open so more blood exits
83
What anatomical feature means that epidural anaesthesia injections can be administered?
Lack of periosteal layer of dura mater in vertebral column therefore there is an epidural space that anaesthetic can be injected into

ANATOMY (14 decks)

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