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Homeostasis Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

what is homeostasis?

A

state of equilibrium regarding internal conditions

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2
Q

What are external perturbations?

A

in regards to homeostasis, its anything like environmental temperatured changes

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3
Q

_________ and _______ are related to homeostasis

A

physiological and psychological

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4
Q

Positive feedback does what to change?

A

strengthens the change

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5
Q

negative feedback does what to change?

A

reverses the change

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6
Q

What is a variable

A

a controlled conditions that needs to be regulated

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7
Q

what is a stimulus

A

the movement of a system away from the set point

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8
Q

What does the detector/receptor do?

A

detect changes in the controlled variable from its set point

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9
Q

what does the detector/receptor do in simple terms?

A

measure things

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10
Q

What does the control center do?

A

figures out what to do when stimulus is detected; initiates response

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11
Q

Control center will send _____ to ______ to fix the change

A

Control center will send response to out put effector to fix the change

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12
Q

control centre sends messages via _____, _______, _____

A

nerve, hormone, chemical

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13
Q

IS the signal sent out by the control centre the effector?

A

NOPE

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14
Q

What does the effector do?

A

move variable back to normal by depriving/taking away stimulus and terminating feedback loop

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15
Q

List three reasons why there might not be enough O2?

A

Lungs cant get enough O2 from air, heart cant move enough blood around, blood vessels blocked

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16
Q

what is atherosclerosis

A

arteries have plaque

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17
Q

______ -> _________ -> ________ -> ________

A

detector/receptor, control centre, effector, response

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18
Q

what does the effector do in simple terms?

A

creates a response to the change

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19
Q

What is the detector in blood glucose regulation?

A

pancreas

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20
Q

what does the detector in blood glucose regulation do?

A

pancreas tastes blood and detects high glucose

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21
Q

what is the control center in blood glucose regulation

A

pancrease

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22
Q

what does the control center in blood glucose regulation do?

A

release insulin (signal) which tells cells + liver to remove glucose

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23
Q

What are the effectors of blood glucose regulation?

A

liver and body cells

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24
Q

what do the effectors of blood glucose regulation do?

A

liver takes glucose and makes glycogen, adipocytes take glucose and put into fat cells

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25
What is the normal blood sugar level?
4.5mmol/L
26
What is the normal temperature range?
36-40 degrees
27
42-44 what happens to brain?
brain cant handle temp and makes permanent lesions you cant recover from
28
at what temp do you get arrthymia?
26 degrees
29
what temp does you heart stop pumpin
26 degrees
30
What happens at 26 degrees?
you heart stops pumpin and you cant warm up -> arrthymia
31
youre not dead unless youre _____ + _______
warm and dead
32
What are the detectors in temp regulation?
skin receptors and hypothalamus
33
What is the control center in temp regulation when temp decreases?
neurosecretory cells in hypothalmus, preoptic area, heat promoting area, and thrytropes in anterior pituitary gland
34
How does the control center send signals to the effectors?
via nerve impulses and TSH
35
What are the effectors in temp regulation of decreased temp
vasoconstriction, adrenal medulla, skeletal muscles, and thyroid glands
36
What does vasoconstriction do as the effector of temp regulation when its cold?
decrease heat loss through skin
37
what does adrenal medulla do as the effector of temp regulation when its cold?
releases hormones that increase cellular metabolism
38
what does skeletal muscle do as the effector of temp regulation when its cold?
shiver
39
what does thyroid gland do as the effector of temp regulation when its cold?
release thyroid hormones, increase metabolic rates
40
What is the control center in temp regulation when temp increases?
nuclei in the hypothalamus
41
What are the effectors in temp regulation of increased temp
blood vessels dilate and sweat glands activate
42
What are the five requirements of a feedback loop?
variable, stimulus, detector, control center, effector
43
What is the main thing a positive feedback loop requires
a distinct event
44
Positive feedback is when the change in variable ...
stimulates more change in variable
45
What are five examples of a positive feedback
blood clotting, action potential, ovulation, orgasm, uterine contractions
46
_________ feedback is found with ______ feedback
positive feedback is found with in negative feedback
47
How does positive feedback loop terminate?
w/some distinct event which deprives feedback system of input
48
Pathology can also result from _________ feedback
positive
49
Example of pathology that results from ________ feedback?
positive; epileptic seizure
50
What is the stimulus in lactation?
suckling on break
51
What are the detectors in lactation?
touch receptors on breast that sense pressure
52
What is the control center in lactation
hypothalamus, which sends signals to posterior pituitary to release oxytocin
53
In lactation, where is oxytocin released into?
pituitary portal circulation
54
What does the oxytocin do?
Oxytocin causes the myoeptihelium of breast to contract and let milk down
55
What is the effector in lactation?
breast
56
What is the variable in lactation?
milk flow
57
What is the variable in blood clotting?
blood flow
58
What is the inital stimulus in blood clotting?
broken blood vessels with exposed binding sites on BV wall for platelets
59
What is the secondary stimulus in blood clotting?
platelets
60
What are the detectors in blood clotting?
platelet receptors which detect broken blood vessels
61
what are the binding sites on broken blood vessels termed?
collagen
62
what do the exposed broken blood vessel binding sites attract?
platelets
63
What are the control centers of blood clotting?
activated platelets; become activated when they bind to BV
64
How do activated platelets attract more platelets?
release thromboxane and adenosine diphosphate
65
What are the effectors of blood clotting?
the platelets which beging to make up the clot
66
What stimulates anticlotting chemicals?
clotting chemicals
67
What are anticlotting chemicals?
prostacylin and prostaglandin
68
What is the problem with a massive wound
lots of collagen, therefore lots of platlets binding, therefore lots of blood clots causing person to bleed otu
69
Person with massive wound needs what?
lots of platelets
70
WHat is hypertension
high blood pressure
71
What is a sign?
objective measure of change
72
What is a symptom
subjective measure of change
73
What is a disorder
abnormality of structure/function
74
What is a disease?
illness characterized by recognizable set of signs and symptoms

anatomy (12 decks)

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