Autonomic System Flashcards
1
Q
what does your ans control?
A
glands and involuntary muscles
2
Q
what are your involuntary muscles?
A
heart and smooth muscle
3
Q
Whats another term for ans
A
visceral motor NS
4
Q
what is the scensory part of your ans
A
referred pain and interoception
5
Q
what are visceral afferents
A
nerves from viscera to cns
6
Q
define interoreceptor
A
a sensory receptor that recieves stimuli from within the body
7
Q
are we aware of interoreceptor
A
not aware of this sensation
8
Q
what is the most important role of ans
A
homeostasis
9
Q
Define dull aching pain
A
stomach pain, referred pain, visceral pain
10
Q
define somatic sensory division
A
encompases all sensory modalities (stuff youre aware of), eg sharp pain and temp
11
Q
define autonomic sensory division
A
mostly interoceptors, everything involuntary
12
Q
how many neurons are involved with the contraction of a muscle in somatic ns
A
one (technically two)
13
Q
how many neurons are involved with the contraction of a muscle in autonomic ns
A
two (technically three)
14
Q
Ganglia is also called
A
autonomic ganglia, i.e. collection of cell bodies
15
Q
spinal and cranial nerves innervate what
A
skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscles and glands
16
Q
somatic ns consists of what muscle
A
skeletal muscle
17
Q
autonomic ns consists of what muscls
A
smooth, cardiac, and glands
18
Q
somatic neurotransmission involves what
A
ach on nicotinic receptors
19
Q
autonomic neurotransmission involves what
A
preganglionic to ganglia -> ach (N)
ganglia to postganglionic -> ach (M)
parasympathetic = ach
20
Q
sympathetic input does what to the heart
A
tachycardia and positive inotropic
21
Q
what is positive inotropic
A
increase muscle contraction force
22
Q
what is tachycardia
A
increase heart rate
23
Q
parasympathetic input does what to the heart
A
bradycardia and negative inotropic
24
Q
what is negative inotropic
A
decreases muscle contraction force
25
define inotropic
change in muscle strangth
26
what does the sympathetic input do to the GI tract
yields relaxation, blood usually used for digestion used to move muscles
27
what does the parasympathetic input do the GI tract
increases activity, need more blood for digestion
28
Why does your heart keep pumping if there is no sympathetic or parasympathetic input
pacemaker cells
29
dominant tone in heart?
PSS
30
dominant tone in gi tract?
PSS
31
Why is there a reversal of tone if there is total denervation
system that usually affects it more loses more effect and therefore the net effect favours the least dominant tone, causing a tone reversal
32
sweat glands have what input
sympathetic input
33
visceral arterioles (blood vessels to guts) have what input
sympathetic input
34
what happens with sympathetic stimulation to the visceral arterioles
contractions, increasing blood pressure and therefore no stimulation = relaxation
35
iris sphincter has what input
parasympathetic input
36
iris sphincter does what
constricts pupil
37
pns does what to pupil
constricts
38
radial muscle has what input
sympathetic input
39
radial muscle does what
constricts pupil
40
symp ns does what to pupil
dilates
41
what happens in raynauds syndrome
blood vessels in fingers constrict so much in the cold that theres not enough blood in the fingers to keep it alive and therefore is problems with sympathetic system
42
how do you treat raynauds syndrome
cut sympathetic input to the blood vessels of both hands
43
what is referred pain
visceral afferent sympathetic nerve comes into CNS along with a somatic nerve so brain gets confused at level of thoracic and lumbar spine
44
what is miosis
pupil constriction
45
what is mydriasis
pupil relaxation
46
symp output has what neurons
short pre and long post
47
para output has what neurons
long pre and short post
48
symp output has what NT
ACH pre (N), NE post (adernergic)
49
para output has what NT
Ach pre (N), ach post (muscarinic)
50
nicotine fites into which cholinergic receptor
nicotinic
51
cholinergic receptors are also called
achetylcholine receptors
52
nicotine stimulates which NS and which part
parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia
53
smoking causes innervation of what system and what response
SS -> BP and heart rate goes up, therefore more awak
| PSS -> stimulates digestion and easy poopin (defecation)
54
Why do sympathetic have their short and long neurons
synchronize and all actions turned on at once
55
the ganglia in the sympathetic system are located where
far away from organs it stimulates
56
why do parasympathetic have their short and long neurons
specificity to viscera and turned on in sections (not at once) ; refined and controlled stimulation
57
the ganglia in the parasympathetic system are located where
on the organ it innervates, therefore cant be seen
58
what does sludd stand for
salivate, lacrimate, urinate, defecate, digest
59
sludd applies to what
parasympathetic
60
parasymp has out put from what
cranial and sacral nerves
61
parasymp sometimes called
craniosacral NS
62
biggest nerve in all of PSS
vagus
63
vagus comes out of which structure
medulla
64
vagus nerve stimulates what
heart, bronchioles. liver, stomach, GI tract
65
jamming finger in eye causes
big vagal stimulation, increased heart rate, blood pressure decrease, GI tract churns away
66
sympathetic ns has output from where
thoracic and lumbar region
67
sympathetic ns is therefore also called
thoracolumbar region
68
define chain ganglia
far from effects, neurons run up and down chain "broadcasting" symp message
69
another term for chain ganglia
sympathetic trunk
70
do all sympathetic neurons go to the trunk
nope some pass through and go to the big sympathetic ganglia in the abdomen
71
sympathetic ganglia can be either _____ or _____
chain or collateral
72
what is an axon collateral
axon branch off the main axon
73
is there sympathetic innervation of the bronchioles
nope
74
bronchioles are _______
dilated all the time
75
why dont bronchioles need sympathetic input
theyre dilated all the time and dont need sympathetic innervation
76
what dilates bronchioles in addition to PSNS
they have epinephrine receptors that are activated by epinephrine released by SNS into the blood NOT the nevres
77
sexual response is innervated by what
both parasympathetic and sympa NS; excitation is parasymp but orgasm is sympathetic
78
where are cholinergic receptors found
synapse of symp and parasymp ganglia and post ganglionic parasympathetic effectors
79
cholinergic receptors are also called
acetylcholine receptors
80
adernergic receptors are stimulated by what NT
NE and E
81
where are adernergic receptors found
sympathetic post ganglionic target organ/effectors
82
muscarinic receptors are found where
parasympathetic target organs
83
what stimulates muscarinic receptors and what happens
muscarine and ach; sludd and decreased heart rate
84
muscarinic recptors are found in which NS
parasympathetic NS and CNS (cause hallucinations)
85
nictonic receptors are found where
striated muscle and sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic
86
stimulation of nictonic receptors causes what
stimulation of both symp and parasympathetic
87
striated muscles have what receptor
nicotinic receptor
88
atropine blocks what
achetylcholine receptors
89
alpha adernergic receptors do what
stimulate contractions
90
beta adernergic receptors do what
inhibit contractions (excerpt in myocardium)
91
beta receptor exception is?
heart muscle
92
adernergic receptor stimulation leads to
long term activation of neurons in comparison to ach
93
removal of adernergic NT is ________ compared to ___
slow; ach
94
why are sympathetic NS stimulationg long lasting
long activation of adernergic receptors and large spread of SNS stimulation
95
alpha 1 adernergic receptors cause
smooth muscle contraction, BV of viscera EXCEPT for the heart
96
alpha 2 receptors cause
clotting
97
alpha 2 receptors are found
presynaptic receptors
98
beta 1 receptors cause
increased heart rate and force of contraction
99
beta 2 receptors cause
relaxation of bronchioles, uterus, and all target sympathetic organs
100
beta 3 receptors cause
increased lipolysis
101
asthma uses what
beta agonists but these dilate bronchioles and speed up heart
102
tachycardia and hypertension uses what
beta blockers
103
best asthma mediator is
beta 2 agonists best
104
beta 2 is found in
bronchioles
105
beta 2 is found in
bronchioles
106
best tachycardia medication
beta 1 antagonists bc slows heart, more efficient, and bronchioles are not constricted
