Flashcards in Hominin Evolution Deck (42)
1
What are some ways of distinguishing mammals
mammary glands, hair, three middle ear bonees, teeth
2
What are some features of a primate
Large brain for body size
five fingers with opposable thumb
flat nails
forward facing eyes
3
What are the living primate groups
Posimians
New world monkeys
old world monkeys
apes
4
Hominoids
Include all apes, both the great apes and the lesser apes
5
Hominids
Include all great apes
6
Hominins
Coollective term for all human species
7
Which is the most advanced and least advanced group of today?
Least-Prosimians
Most-hominins humans
8
What is the kinggdoms for humans
animalia
9
Class for humans
Mammalia
10
Order for humans
Primates
11
Genus for humans
Homo
12
Species for humans
H.sapiens
13
Unique features that humans have
-Communciate complex behavioural patterns
-S-shaped spine for movement and balance
-Spine is attached at the base of the skull
-Arched feet for striding
-Less pronounced neck muscles
-Ability to walk in a straight line
14
How have skulls evolved
-Larger more rounder shape
-more veritcal forehead
-less protruding jaw
-chin
-reduced size in teeth
15
Why are primate fossils so rare
They usually live in climates in which are not ideal for fossilaisation as they live in tropical climates
-Which decay of dead organisms is common
16
What are the only living members of the primate group
Humans
17
Features of hominin evolution
bipedal consequences
-fully bipedal
-reduced forehead
-reduced cainines
-less body hair
18
three geological periods of time
archean
proterozoic
phanerozoic
19
what is the phanerozoic eon divded into
palaeozoic
mesozioc
cenozoic
20
Why are humans in the phylum group?
because they have a backbone
21
What characteristics do mammals have?
mammary glands
teeth : incisors, canines, molars
hair or fur on surface
three bones in the ear
22
what is the order humans belong to
primates
23
what are the characteristics of primates
five digits and opposable thumb
nails instead of claws
eyes facing forward
large head
long time pregnant
24
how is known that we are derived from chimps
examining amino acid sequences for particular proteins
6million years ago
25
Where are the oldest hominin fossils?
Africa
26
What are the different types of homin fossils
Ardipithecus
Australopithecus
Paranthropus
homo (only homo genus found outside of Africa )
27
What are the main features on fossil evidence that shows that the animal walked upright
Hole for spinal cord is directly at the bottom
-shinbone angle to femur
-pelvis is shorter and wider
-fossilised footprints
28
Evolution to Homo sapiens
Enlargement of cranial and brain size
Flattening of the face less prominence of the jaw
Smaller teeth
Became bipedal
29
What outcome is there that hominins became bipedal
Spent more time on the ground hence exposed to different selective pressures than there
30
How to differentiate between Australopithecus and Paranthropus
a- smaller brain size
no Sagittal crest in forehead
large molars
p-slightly larger brain size
sigittal crest in forehead
HUGE molars
31
why is a reason humans are descendants from Aus
jaw like structure
32
What do fossils show about the way Australopithecus and Paranthropus lived?
-Males were bigger than females; could be due to polyamorous coupling
-Size of the muscles for chewing were very large in Paranthropus this is due to haves a hard fibrous plant matter diet, the Australopithecus msucles were smaller indicating less fibrours diet
-Ribcage and pelvic wideness oh Australopithecus are rather wide due to needing a large gastrointestinal tract.
33
Distinguishing features of homo as a genus are
-Significantly higher cranial capacity
-Smaller teeth
-Shortening of the face
34
Which were the first species to use primitive stone tools
homo habilis and homorudolfenis
35
Explain homo erectus
Oldest found outside of Africa
Migrated outside of Africa
crafted more elabroate stone tools
hunted systematically
controlled the use of fire
36
H.neanderthalenis
Found worldwide
-crafed fine stone tools
-made clothing
37
Homo sapiens
Evolved 130,000 years ago in Africa
-made a wide variety of stone tools
-buried their dead
38
Why can it be believed that homo sapiens orignated from Afirca
-transitional ancestral fossils
-mtDNA in modern African population show the greatest variablity
39
Define Cultral Evolution
The persistent change across a lengthy timespan within a human species
40
How is cultural evolution transmitted
Comminicatioin
Written and Spoken language
Via upbringing in home environment
41
Define technological evolution
Refers to the persistent change in the use of technology
42