Human development

Question 1

Features of development

Answer 1

• relatively permanent changes
• changes are orderly/follow a pattern
• changes are constant

Question 2

General principles of development

Answer 2

• people develop at different rates
• development occurs in an order
• changes take place gradually

Question 3

Developmental areas

Answer 3

• body
• cognitive (mind)
• social
• personality

Question 4

Factors influencing development

Answer 4

• Physiological (genes, maturation)
• Personality (characteristics, habits, attitudes, goals)
• Metaphysical (belief in God)
• Environmental (socialisation, climate, political change)

Question 5

The traditional approach to development

Answer 5

extensive change from birth to adolescence, little or no change in adulthood, then decline in late old age

Question 6

Zone of proximal development

Answer 6

task that an individual can accomplish only with the assistance of a more experienced person

Question 7

Psychosexual theory

Answer 7

• Freud
• development in stages focussing on body’s pleasure areas
• failure to progress to next stage = fixation

Question 8

Psychosocial

Answer 8

• Erikson

- 8 stages and conflicts in each

Question 9

Intellectual development

Answer 9

• Piaget

- stages: sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational

Question 10

Attachment theory

Answer 10

• Bowlby

- born with innate need to form attachments, secure attachments form when support is consistent

Question 11

Social learning theory

Answer 11

• Bandura

- behaviour learned through observation and modelling

Question 12

Intelligence

Answer 12

the ability to solve problems or create products of value in a social setting

Question 13

Fluid intelligence

Answer 13

mental efficiency and reasoning ability

Question 14

Crystalized intelligence

Answer 14

ability to apply problem-solving methods

Question 15

9 intelligences

Answer 15

Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
Linguistic Intelligence
Interpersonal Intelligence
Intrapersonal Intelligence
Musical Intelligence
Visual-Spatial Intelligence
Bodily-Kinaesthetic Intelligence
Naturalist Intelligence
Existential intelligence

Question 16

Each person has __ intelligence types

Answer 16

all 9