Information processing model

Question 1

What is information processing?

Answer 1

• the process by which the individual transforms information and connects it to existing knowledge
• the human mind’s activity of taking in, story and using info

Question 2

How long does the sensory memory hold information in its original form for?

Answer 2

< 3 seconds

Question 3

Synonym for short term memory

Answer 3

working memory

Question 4

How can info be retained in the working memory?

Answer 4

• pay attention when receiving info
• regular rehearsal of info
• break info into chunks/groups

Question 5

Working memory

Answer 5

• stores info temporarily
• info can be combined with knowledge in LTM to solve problems
• has a limited capacity (easily overloaded)

Question 6

Long-term memory

Answer 6

• holds an enormous amount of info

- stores info relatively permanently

Question 7

Two broad categories of knowledge stored in the LTM

Answer 7

1. Explicit knowledge (conscious retrieval)

2. Implicit knowledge (unconscious retrieval)

Question 8

Subcategories of knowledge under explicit knowledge

Answer 8

• Episodic (own experiences)

- Sematic (facts, GK)

Question 9

Subcategories of knowledge under implicit knowledge

Answer 9

• classical conditioning (conditioned emotional reactions)
• procedural (habits, rules, motor)
• priming (activation of concepts)

Question 10

Other types of knowledge

Answer 10

• general
• domain-specific
• declarative (verbal info, facts)
• procedural
• self-regulatory (know when to use dec. or proc.)

Question 11

Schema

Answer 11

abstract knowledge structure that organises vast amounts of info

Question 12

When does processing occur at deeper levels?

Answer 12

When info is associated and integrated with prior knowledge

Question 13

Factors that determine the level of info processing

Answer 13

• method of presentation
• connection to prior knowledge
• relevance of info
• goals and expectations

Question 14

Reasons why learners might not understand incoming info

Answer 14

• too little prior knowledge

- info being processed superficially

Question 15

Why do we forget information?

Answer 15

• insufficient attention
• fading/lack of use of info
• suppression (unpleasant so stored in subconscious)
• new knowledge interferes with prior knowledge
• Too much try to be learned in too little time

Question 16

Strategies teachers can use to encourage memory

Answer 16

• frequent reviews/tests
• active involvement/projects/inquiry
• feedback and discussion periods

Question 17

Ways of gaining learners’ attention

Answer 17

• bright colours
• underlining
• asking questions
• varying the methods of assessment
• cold calling

Question 18

In their instruction teachers should….

Answer 18

• help learners distinguish between essential and non-essential info
• link new knowledge to prior knowledge
• provide repetition
• focus on meaning & understanding rather than memorisation

Question 19

Sensory input moves from…. to …..

Answer 19

sensory memory –> STM –> LTM