human nutrition: balanced diet

Question 1

what are carbohydrates made up of

Answer 1

are made up of simple sugars
—-> involves the elements hydrogen, oxygen and carbon

Question 2

what are proteins made up of

Answer 2

Are made up of amino acids

Question 3

lipids are made from

Answer 3

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 4

glucose food test

Answer 4

Benedict’s solution

Question 5

Benedict’s solution is normally …..

Answer 5

Blue

Question 6

In high concentrations of glucose the food test will turn

Answer 6

• food test —> Benedict’s solution
• turns BRICK RED in high concentrations

Question 7

In low concentrations Benedict’s solution (GLUCOSE) will turn…

Answer 7

Green or yellow

Question 8

To test for starch

Answer 8

Iodine solution

Question 9

Positive test for iodine solution

Answer 9

Blue-black

Question 10

Original colour of iodine solution (STARCH)

Answer 10

browny-orange

Question 11

To test for proteins…

Answer 11

Use the biuret test

Question 12

Containing proteins the solution will change from

Answer 12

Blue—>pink—>purple

Question 13

To test for lipids use the

Answer 13

Sudan III test or the emulsion test

Question 14

what do carbohydrates do

Answer 14

provide energy

Question 15

lipids/fats do…

Answer 15

provide energy and act as insulation and as a energy store

Question 16

proteins do…

Answer 16

are needed for growth and repair of tissue and to provide energy in emergencies

Question 17

Vitamin A

Answer 17

• improves vision

Question 18

Vitamin C

Answer 18

Is needed to prevent scurvy

Question 19

Vitamin D

Answer 19

• helps calcium absorbtion

Question 20

eggs provide

Answer 20

Vitamin D
(Think sunny side up because you can get vitamin d from sunlight and eggs)

Question 21

liver has high levels in of

Answer 21

vitamin a

Question 22

Lipids are found in

Answer 22

Butter and oily fish

Question 23

Purpose of water

Answer 23

• needed in cellular reactions

Question 24

Iron (a mineral iron)

Answer 24

Makes haemoglobin

Question 25

Calcium (a mineral ion)

Answer 25

Needed to make bones and teeth

Question 26

Fibre

Answer 26

Aids the movement of food through the gut

Question 27

Dietary fibreis found in

Answer 27

Is found in wholemeal bread and fruit

Question 28

Peristalsis

Answer 28

The movement of food through the gut using circular muscle contractions

Question 29

Amylase converts starch into

Answer 29

Maltose —-> converted by maltase —-> into glucose

Question 30

STARCH—->MALTOSE—->GLUCOSE

Answer 30

amylase maltase

Question 31

Proteins—-> amino acids

Answer 31

Proteases

Question 32

Lipids are converted by lipases into

Answer 32

Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 33

Bile is produced in the

Answer 33

Liver

Question 34

What is the functions of bile?

Answer 34

- neutralises HCl in the stomach so it will not denature the enzymes in the small intestine that work in alkaline conditions - emulsified fats - making the surface area bigger for lipase to work on so digestion is faster

Question 35

A….. C….

Answer 35

Alimentary canal

Question 36

Salivary glands produce

Answer 36

Amylase —-> chemical digestion

Question 37

The gall bladder stores

Answer 37

Bile

Question 38

Rectum stores

Answer 38

Faeces

Question 39

Villi are in the

Answer 39

Small intestine

Question 40

The function of the small intestine is

Answer 40

- produces lipases, proteases and amylase - nutrients are absorbed out of the alimentary canal into the body - duodenum - first part - ileum - second part

Question 41

Large intestine:

Answer 41

Excess water is absorbed from food

Question 42

The villi is adapted to it function because

Answer 42

- really big surface area - millions and millions of villi - each cell on the villi also has MICROVILLI --> SA increased even more - villi have a single layer of cells which are very permeable - a very good blood supple —> fast absorption

Question 43

Describe and name the test for proteins:

Answer 43

BIURET SOLUTION: PROTEIN - the solution will change from BLUE to PINK or PURPLE - use a 2cm^3 sample of food and place it into a test tube - add 2cm^3 of biuret solution - gently shake it | no special conditions

Question 44

Describe and name the test for glucose:

Answer 44

BENEDICT'S SOLUTION: GLUCOSE BLUE->GREEN->YELLOW->RED - prepare a food sample and transfer 5cm^3 to a test tube - prepare a 75C water bath - add 10ish drops of Benedict with a pipette - put the test tube in a test tube holder and then the water bath. Leave for 5 minutes. Make sure it is pointing away from you (because it’s irritating). - no conc.= blue - medium conc. = green/yellow - high conc. = brick red

Question 45

Describe the name and test for lipids: (4 steps)

Answer 45

LIPID: SUDAN (III) TEST POSITIVE: BRIGHT RED - prepare a sample (do not filter) of around 5cm^3 - add 3 drops of Sudan stain solution to a test tube using a pipette. - Gently shake the tube. - if positive, mixture will separate into 2 layers- top will be brick red

Question 46

Describe and name the test for starch:

Answer 46

IODINE SOLUTION: STARCH TEST - the solution will turn BROWNY-ORANGE to BLUE-BLACK - make a food sample - transfer 5cm^3 to a test tube - add a iodine solution and gently shake the tube | no special conditions

Question 47

What test do you have to use an excess of? Why?

Answer 47

- Benedict’s solution (glucose) - this us to ensure all of the glucose reacts

Question 48

Which test must the tube be pointing away from you?

Answer 48

- glucose (Benedict’s test)

Question 49

Which test has to be heated to occur?

Answer 49

- glucose (Benedict’s)

Question 50

How to make a food sample?

Answer 50

- break up a piece of food using a pestle and mortar - transfer the food to a breaker - add distilled water - mix with a glass rod to dissolve some of the food - filter the solution via a funnel lined with filter paper to remove solid food

Question 51

What is glucose found in: (name 3)

Answer 51

- biscuits - cereal - bread

Question 52

what food contain starch? (Name 3)

Answer 52

- pasta - rice - potatoes

Question 53

What is used for protein tests?

Answer 53

- meat - cheese

Question 54

What is used for the lipid test?

Answer 54

- olive oil - margarine - milk