kidneys Flashcards
what does ADH stand for
anti-diuretic hormone
what detects changes in the blood (eg water levels)?
hypothalamus
what are the main jobs of the kidneys?
- maintaining water levels
- maintaining salt levels
- excretion eg removal of urea
Excretion is the removal…
Of toxic waste products that can become in excess in the body eg CO2, urea, etc
Each kidney contains thousands of
Nepthrons
Nephrons have three stages of excretion
- ultrafiltration
- reabsorption
- release of wastes
Ultrafiltration happens in
- the glomerulus into the bowman’s capsule
Why do larger molecules NOT travel to the bowman’s capsule?
- they are too large to pass through the membranes
Glucose is selectively reabsorbed when?
What is it used for?
- in the proximal convoluted tubule
- it is needed for respiration
What substances are filtered out during ultrafiltration?
- water
- ions
- urea
- glucose
- amino acids
- salts
List the main features of the nephrons in order of structure:
- glomerulus
- bowman’s capsule (hugs it)
- proximal convoluted tubule
- loop of Henle
- distal convoluted tubule
- collecting duct
Water is reabsorbed by…
- in the collecting duct
- via osmosis
What is the word meaning maintaining the correct levels of water
Osmoregulation
What does ADH do?
It makes the collecting ducts of the nephrons more PERMEABLE so that more water is reabsorbed
Results —> urine is less concentrated and has a smaller volume
describe the process of osmoregulation?
- negative feedback loop
- brain measures water levels
- pituitary gland releases ADH based off what it measures
