evolution

Question 1

What risk factors increase the likelihood of a mutation occurring

Answer 1

• carcinogens eg in cigarette smoke
• ionising radiation

Question 2

A mutation can change the…

Answer 2

Amino acid the codon codes for

Question 3

Most mutations occur in

Answer 3

Non - coding DNA

Question 4

Who came up with the theory of evolution?

Answer 4

Charles Darwin

Question 5

What are three pieces of evidence for the theory of evolution?

Answer 5

• fossil records
• resistant bacteria

Question 6

Mutations definition

Answer 6

They are rare, random changes in genetic material which can be inherited

Question 7

Speciation meaning

Answer 7

A population of a species becomes so different through mutations that they can no longer interbreed meaning they are a new species

Question 8

An example of antibiotic resistance

Answer 8

MRSA

Question 9

Definition of evolution

Answer 9

A change in the inherited characteristics of a population over time through a process of natural selection which may result in the formation of a new species

Question 10

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria occurred because

Answer 10

• they can asexually reproduce and their lifespans are very small so evolution occurs much faster than in a human population
• one bacteria mutated to be resistant to antibiotics
• a selection pressure was introduced - the antibiotic
• the rest died as they did not have this adaptation
• however the mutated one survives and passed genes to offspring because they are genetic clones
• now all the bacteria there are resistant

Question 11

Natural selection key terms: (6 marker)

Answer 11

• there is VARIATION in species
• random MUTATION occurs in DNA
• SURVIVAL ADVANTAGE for the SELECTION PRESSURE against competetion
• SURVIVAL for longer
• REPRODUCTION occurs (more)
• OFFSPRING pass the ALLELE on
• over time, all have this mutation as those with it are late likely to survive
• this is NATURAL SELECTION