HUMAN ORGANISATION Flashcards
(31 cards)
SUPERIOR
Towards the head end or upper part of a structure of the body.
ie: the head is superior to the abdomen
INFERIOR (caudal)
Away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure of the body; below.
ie: the navel is inferior to the chin.
VENTRAL (anterior)
Toward or at the front of the body. In front of.
ie the breastbone is anterior to the spine.
DORSAL (posterior)
Toward the back of the body; behind.
ie: the heart is posterior to the backbone
PROXIMAL
Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of limb to the body trunk.
ie the elbow is proximal to the wrist.
DISTAL
Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of the limb to the body trunk
ie: the knee is distal to the thigh.
SUPERFICIAL (external)
Toward or at the body surface.
ie: the skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles.
DEEP (internal)
Away from the body surface; more internal.
ie: the lungs are deep to the skin
MEDIAL
Towards the midline of the body; on the inner side.
ie: the heart is medial to the arm.
LATERAL
Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side.
ie: the arms are lateral to the chest.
INTERMEDIATE
In between a more medial and a more lateral structure.
ie: the collarbone is intermediate between the breastbone and the shoulder
ATOM
The smallest unit of ordinary matter.
MOLECULE
2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
Molecules combine to form cells.
TISSUE
Tissues are groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function, similar to the way words are put together to form sentences. There are just four basic types of tissues in your body: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, and nervous tissue.
ABDOMINAL CAVITY
Contains stomach, spleen, liver, gall bladder, small intestine and most of the large intestine; the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity is the peritoneum.
PLEURAL CAVITY
A potential space between the layers of pleura that surrounds the lung.
PELVIC CAVITY
Contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestines, and internal organs of reproduction.
PERICARDIAL CAVITY
A potential space between the layers of the pericardium that surrounds the heart.
THORACIC CAVITY
Chest cavity; contains pleural and pericardial cavities and the mediastinum.
VERTEBRAL CANAL
Formed by the vertebral column and contains the spinal cord and beginnings of spinal nerves.
MEDIASTINUM
Central portion of the thoracic cavity between the lungs; extends from sternum to vertebral column and first rib to diaphragm; contains heart, thymus, oesophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels.
TISSUE
Groups of similar cells that act together to form a specific function.
TRANSVERSE PLANE
divides the body or an organ into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions. Other names for a transverse plane are a cross-sectional or horizontal plane. Sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes are all at right angles to one another.
FRONTAL/CORONAL PLANE
Divides the body or an organ into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions
