TISSUE Flashcards
(42 cards)
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Covers body surface, lines hollow organs, forms glands.
Types of covering and lining epithelial tissue are classified according to two characteristics: the arrangement of cells into layers and the shapes of the cells
Protects secretes and absorbs and filters
Has own nerve supply.
Is avascular, rely on blood vessels adjacent connective tissue
High rate of cell division.
2 types, covering and lining epithelium and glandular epithelium
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Supports, protects and binds other tissues together.
Bones, tendons, fat and other soft padding tissue.
Protects and insulates organs.
Compartmentalises structures
Is the bodies major transport system (blood)
Made up of ground substance, cells and fibres
GROUND SUBSTANCE
Materials that support the cells and fibres.
Plays active role in how tissues develop, migrate and proliferate/
Can be blood, gel (under skin) or bone
CYTE
Mature cell
BLAST
Immature cell
AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Strength, elasticity and support.
Most widely distributed connective tissue “packing material” of the body.
subcutaneous layer deeper to skin, around blood vessels, nerves and body organs
MUSCULAR TISSUE
Moves/generates heat
Cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle.
NERVOUS TISSUE
Internal communication, brain spinal cords and nerves.
SQUAMOUS CELL
(SKWĀ-mus = flat) are thin, which allows for the rapid passage of substances through them.
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM
(pseudo- = false) appears to have multiple layers of cells because the cell nuclei lie at different levels and not all cells reach the apical surface; it is actually a simple epithelium because all its cells rest on the basement membrane. Cells that do extend to the apical surface may contain cilia; others (goblet cells) secrete mucous.
STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM
(stratum = layer) consists of two or more layers of cells that protect underlying tissues in locations where there is considerable wear and tear.
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIM
Allows passage of material by diffusion and filtration; secretion in serous membranes.
Location: lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels; forms the epithelial layer of serous membranes; air sacs of lungs; glomerular capsule of kidneys
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
Function: Secretion and absorption
Location: lines kidney tubules; covers ovary surface; makes up secreting portion of glands. e.g. thyroid gland
SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIAM - NON CILIATED
Function: higher levels of secretion and absorption; lubricates linings of digestive, respiratory and reproductive tracts
Location: lines gastrointestinal tract (from stomach to anus); ducts of many glands and gall bladder
SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIAM - CILIATED
Function: cilia beat in motion; moving mucous and foreign particles towards throat; moving oocytes expelled from ovaries via fallopian tubes into uterus
Location: lines bronchioles of respiratory tract; uterine tubes; central canal of spinal cord and ventricles of brain
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
Function: secretes mucous that trap foreign particles and sweep away mucous for elimination
Location: lines airways of most of upper respiratory tract
Stratified Squamous Epithelium (Keratinised)
Function: protects against abrasion, water loss, ultraviolet radiation and foreign invasion
Location: forms superficial layer of skin – epidermis
Stratified Squamous Epithelium (Non-keratinised)
Function: protects against abrasion and foreign invasion
Location: lines wet surfaces: mouth, oesophagus, part of
epiglottis and vagina; covers tongue
Transitional Epithelium
Function: allows urinary organs to stretch and maintain protective lining while holding variable amounts of fluid without rupturing
Location: lines urinary bladder and portions of ureters and urethra
Exocrine
Description: use ducts, empty onto skin surface or into lumen of hollow organs
Function: produce substances, i.e. sweat, oil, saliva or digestive enzymes
Location: sweat and oil glands; salivary glands and pancreas
Endocrine
Description: secrete hormones which are transported into blood without using ducts
Function: hormones regulate metabolic and physiological activities to maintain homeostasis
Location: pituitary glands, thyroid and parathyroid glands, pancreas…
Areolar Connective Tissue
Function Strength, elasticity, support
Location: one of the most widely distributed connective tissue “packing material” of the body; subcutaneous layer deeper to skin; around blood vessels, nerves and body organs
Adipose (fat) Tissue
Function: reduce heat loss from skin; serves as an energy
reserve; supports and protects organs
Location: wherever areolar connective tissue is located; around heart and kidneys; yellow bone marrow
Reticular Connective Tissue
Function: provides the stroma (mesh-like branching
framework) and scaffolding for the cells in some organs
Location: stroma of liver, spleen, lymph nodes, red bone marrow; around blood vessels and muscles
