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Normal Body Function > TISSUE > Flashcards

TISSUE Flashcards

1
Q

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

A

Covers body surface, lines hollow organs, forms glands.

Types of covering and lining epithelial tissue are classified according to two characteristics: the arrangement of cells into layers and the shapes of the cells

Protects secretes and absorbs and filters

Has own nerve supply.

Is avascular, rely on blood vessels adjacent connective tissue

High rate of cell division.

2 types, covering and lining epithelium and glandular epithelium

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2
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

A

Supports, protects and binds other tissues together.
Bones, tendons, fat and other soft padding tissue.
Protects and insulates organs.
Compartmentalises structures
Is the bodies major transport system (blood)
Made up of ground substance, cells and fibres

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3
Q

GROUND SUBSTANCE

A

Materials that support the cells and fibres.
Plays active role in how tissues develop, migrate and proliferate/

Can be blood, gel (under skin) or bone

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4
Q

CYTE

A

Mature cell

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5
Q

BLAST

A

Immature cell

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6
Q

AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

A

Strength, elasticity and support.
Most widely distributed connective tissue “packing material” of the body.
subcutaneous layer deeper to skin, around blood vessels, nerves and body organs

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7
Q

MUSCULAR TISSUE

A

Moves/generates heat

Cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle.

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8
Q

NERVOUS TISSUE

A

Internal communication, brain spinal cords and nerves.

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9
Q

SQUAMOUS CELL

A

(SKWĀ-mus = flat) are thin, which allows for the rapid passage of substances through them.

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10
Q

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM

A

(pseudo- = false) appears to have multiple layers of cells because the cell nuclei lie at different levels and not all cells reach the apical surface; it is actually a simple epithelium because all its cells rest on the basement membrane. Cells that do extend to the apical surface may contain cilia; others (goblet cells) secrete mucous.

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11
Q

STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM

A

(stratum = layer) consists of two or more layers of cells that protect underlying tissues in locations where there is considerable wear and tear.

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12
Q

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIM

A

Allows passage of material by diffusion and filtration; secretion in serous membranes.

Location: lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels; forms the epithelial layer of serous membranes; air sacs of lungs; glomerular capsule of kidneys

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13
Q

SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

A

Function: Secretion and absorption
Location: lines kidney tubules; covers ovary surface; makes up secreting portion of glands. e.g. thyroid gland

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14
Q

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIAM - NON CILIATED

A

Function: higher levels of secretion and absorption; lubricates linings of digestive, respiratory and reproductive tracts

Location: lines gastrointestinal tract (from stomach to anus); ducts of many glands and gall bladder

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15
Q

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIAM - CILIATED

A

Function: cilia beat in motion; moving mucous and foreign particles towards throat; moving oocytes expelled from ovaries via fallopian tubes into uterus

Location: lines bronchioles of respiratory tract; uterine tubes; central canal of spinal cord and ventricles of brain

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16
Q

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

A

Function: secretes mucous that trap foreign particles and sweep away mucous for elimination

Location: lines airways of most of upper respiratory tract

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17
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium (Keratinised)

A

Function: protects against abrasion, water loss, ultraviolet radiation and foreign invasion

Location: forms superficial layer of skin – epidermis

18
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium (Non-keratinised)

A

Function: protects against abrasion and foreign invasion

Location: lines wet surfaces: mouth, oesophagus, part of
epiglottis and vagina; covers tongue

19
Q

Transitional Epithelium

A

Function: allows urinary organs to stretch and maintain protective lining while holding variable amounts of fluid without rupturing

Location: lines urinary bladder and portions of ureters and urethra

20
Q

Exocrine

A

Description: use ducts, empty onto skin surface or into lumen of hollow organs

Function: produce substances, i.e. sweat, oil, saliva or digestive enzymes

Location: sweat and oil glands; salivary glands and pancreas

21
Q

Endocrine

A

Description: secrete hormones which are transported into blood without using ducts

Function: hormones regulate metabolic and physiological activities to maintain homeostasis

Location: pituitary glands, thyroid and parathyroid glands, pancreas…

22
Q

Areolar Connective Tissue

A

Function Strength, elasticity, support

Location: one of the most widely distributed connective tissue “packing material” of the body; subcutaneous layer deeper to skin; around blood vessels, nerves and body organs

23
Q

Adipose (fat) Tissue

A

Function: reduce heat loss from skin; serves as an energy
reserve; supports and protects organs

Location: wherever areolar connective tissue is located; around heart and kidneys; yellow bone marrow

24
Q

Reticular Connective Tissue

A

Function: provides the stroma (mesh-like branching
framework) and scaffolding for the cells in some organs

Location: stroma of liver, spleen, lymph nodes, red bone marrow; around blood vessels and muscles

25
Q

DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE (COLLAGEN)

A

Function: provides strong attachment
between structures; withstands pulling (tension) along long axis fibres

Location: forms tendons (attach muscle to bone); most ligaments (attach bone to bone)

26
Q

DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

A

Function: provides tensile (pulling) strength in many directions

Location: often occurs in sheets (tissue beneath skin and around muscles and other organs); fibrous pericardium of heart; joint capsules

27
Q

CARTILIGE

A

Structure:
Fibres - collagen fibres and elastic fibres
Ground substance - chondroitin sulphate, gel-like component
Cells - chondrocytes in mature cartilage

Function:
Resists tension (stretching), compression (squeezing), and shear (pushing in opposite directions)
Precursor to bone and forms entire embryonic skeleton
Persists to lubricate articular surface of joints

28
Q

HYALINE CARTILAGE

A

Function: provides smooth surfaces for movement at joints,
flexibility and support

Location: most abundant cartilage in the body; at ends of long bones; embryonic and foetal skeleton

29
Q

FIBROCARTILAGE

A

Function: support and join structures together; the strongest
type of cartilage due to its strength and rigidity

Location: intervertebral discs, menisci of knee; pubic symphysis (where hip bones join anteriorly)

30
Q

ELASTIC CARTALIGE

A

Function: provides strength and elasticity; maintains shape of
certain structures

Location: lip on the top of larynx (epiglottis); part of external ear

31
Q

SKELETAL MUSCLE

A

Attached to the bones (some facial muscles) or skin.

Single, very long, cylindrical multi nucleate cells with obvious striations.

Multi cell
Voluntary controlled

32
Q

CARDIAC MUSCLE

A

Single cell mostly
Striated branched
Involuntary controlled
Walls of the heart

33
Q

SMOOTH MUSCLE

A

Unitary muscle in walls of hollow visceral organs (other than the heart); multi unit muscle in intrinsic eye muscle, airways, large arteries.

Single cell
Not striated
Single spindles
Involuntary movement
Stomach/Blood vessels/Iris
34
Q

NEURONS

A

Cells that transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle or glands. Communication through nerve impulses.

35
Q

NEUROGLIA

A

Support functions in the nervous system

36
Q

REGENERATION

A

New cells that are IDENTICAL to damaged cells.

37
Q

REPLACEMENT

A

New type of tissue develops - this may lead to scar tissue and loss of function.

38
Q

TISSUE REPAIR

A

The process by which tissues replace worn-out, damaged, or dead cells
• It is affected by nutrition (protein and vitamin C), blood circulation, and age
• Most epithelium tissue – a continuous capacity for renewal
• Nervous tissue – the poorest capacity for renewal

39
Q

Absorption/Secretion/Diffusion

A

Epithelium tissue requires single layer

40
Q

Protecting wear and tear

A

Epithelium tissue requires multiple layers

41
Q

Strength and toughness

A

Connect tissue requires collagen fibre

42
Q

Flexibility/Stretch/Recoil

A

Connective tissue requires elastic fibre

Normal Body Function (13 decks)

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