Hypertension meds Flashcards
(5 cards)
Calcium channel blockers
MOA: slows down SA and AV conduction, causing decrease HR and vasodilation which causes decrease in BP.
Side effects: bradycardia, hypotension, dizziness, nausea, headache, fatigue, shortness of breath.
Nursing implications: monitor pulse and BP before taking drug, avoid grapefruit juice due to toxicity.
Drugs: verapamil, amlodipine, diltiazem
Beta Blockers (-lols)
MOA: Reverse remolding, inhibit SNS, reduce afterload and workload.
Side effects: bradycardia, low BP, dizziness, nausea, fatigue, shortness of breath, depression, sexual dysfunction.
Nursing implications: assess for bradycardia and hypotension, orthostatic hypotension especially in older adults, do not give if HR is <50-60 bpm and/or systolic BP is <90-100
Drugs: atenolol, metoprolol
Diuretics (loop and k sparing)
MOA: increase fluid reabsorption in the kidneys, decrease fluid congestion, increase urine output.
First line drug for volume overload.
Side effects: orthostatic hypotension, loop=hypokalemia, k sparing=hyperkalemia, hypovolemic, dehydration, weakness, dizziness
Nursing implications: k sparing=decrease k intake, monitor for hyperkalemia, weakness, irregular pulse. loop=increase k intake, monitor for hypokalemia
Drugs:
loop=furosemide
thiazide= hydrochlorothiazide
k sparing=spironolactone
ACE inhibitors (-prils)
MOA: prevent or reverse remolding, improve renal blood flow, dilate venules and arterioles
First line drug for HF
Side effects: hypotension, hyperkalemia
Nursing implications: monitor for hypotension, monitor hyperkalemia with renal dysfunction pts, do not give if systolic BP below 100
Drugs: captopril, enalapril, lisinopril
ARBs (-sartans)
MOA: block angiotensin 2 receptors resulting in vasodilation.
Side effects: hypotension, hyperkalemia
Nursing implications: monitor for hypotension, monitor for hyperkalemia, pts avoid intake of k, do not give if systolic BP below 100
Drugs: losartan, valsartan
