Reproductive

Question 1

Progesterone: Norethindrone

Answer 1

For endometriosis, counters effects of proliferation related to estrogen

complications: breast cancer, thromboembolic events, breakthrough bleeding, amenorrhea, breast tenderness, edema, jaundice, migraines

Question 2

Methotrexate, misoprostol

Answer 2

MOA: prevents action of progesterone for preg, used for ectopic

complications: termination of preg, prolonged excessive bleeding

Question 3

penicillin

Answer 3

MOA: weakens cell walls

complications: inactivates aminoglycosides, allergies, renal impairment, hyperkalemia, dysrhythmias, hypernatremia

Question 4

cephalosporins

Answer 4

MOA: destroys cell wall
-more effective against gram negative
-therapeutic use: treat variety, broad-spectrum
-take with food

-prototype: cephalexin
-1st: cefazolin
-2nd: cefaclor/cefotetan
-3rd: ceftriaxone, cefotaxime
-4th: cefepime
-5th: cefazoline

Question 5

tetracyclines

Answer 5

complications: GI discomfort (n/v/s, cramping, esophageal ulceration), yellow-brown tooth discoloration, hypoplasia of tooth enamel, hepatotoxicity, photosensitivity, superinfection (c diff, yeast)

interactions:
-milk products, Ca, iron supplements, Mg laxatives, antacids all decrease absorption of med (separate by 2 hrs)
-doxycycline + digoxin= increase risk of digoxin toxicity (monitor)
-no intercourse until treatment is done for STI or STD treatment

education: take with light meals to decrease esophageal ulceration, don’t give to preg or younger than 8 yo, avoid daily increased doses IV, wear sunglasses

Question 6

Antiprotozoals

Answer 6

-prototype: metronidazole

purpose: broad spectrum with bactericidal activity against anaerobic orgs

use: protozoal infections, prophylaxis in surgery (vaginal, colorectal, abdominal), H. pylori treatment

Question 7

Antifungals

Answer 7

-Amphotericin B (systemic mycoses)
-Ketoconazole (superficial and systemic mycoses)
-Griseofulvin, Fluconazole, Terbinafine, Clotrimazole, Miconazole, Nystatin, Flucytosine

Purpose: amphotericin B causes fungal cell death. Can be fungistatic or fungicidal

Use: fungal infections systemic or topical

Question 8

Black cohosh

Answer 8

-acts as estrogen substitute, treats menopause symptoms

complications: GI distress, lightheaded, rash, HA, avoid with preg, don’t use for longer than 6 mths due to lack of infor about long-term effects

-can increase estrogen med effects, can cause hypoglycemia with insulin, can increase antihypertensive med effects