I H1 Vitamins & Minerals chart- properties

Question 0

what foods do not aid in the absorption of iron?***

Answer 0

eggs, tea, milk, cheese

Question 1

absorption of non-heme iron is aided by?***

Answer 1

• gastric juice & vitamin C = acidic

- calcium helps if oxalates present

Question 2

____ & ___ decrease zinc absorption***

Answer 2

phytates and copper

Question 3

fat soluble vitamins***

Answer 3

A, D, E, K

Question 4

antioxidants**

Answer 4

vitamin E, vitamin C, selenium

Question 5

trace minerals***

Answer 5

• iron
• ZINC
• iodine
• fluoride
• copper
• selenium
• manganese
• chromium = ultra-trace

Question 6

vitamins or minerals involved in PRO metabolism? involved in CHO metabolism?***

Answer 6

• PRO = riboflavin and pyridoxine

- CHO = thiamin (B1)

Question 7

where is vitamin A stored?

Answer 7

liver

Question 8

precursor of vitamin A

Answer 8

carotene

Question 9

toxic level of vitamin A**

Answer 9

10,000 IU

Question 10

what is nyctalopia? is it reversible? how is it detected?***

Answer 10

night blindness; is reversible; dark adaptation test

Question 11

what is xeropthalmia? is it reversible?

Answer 11

corneal damage; NOT reversible

Question 12

what is hyperkeratosis?

Answer 12

dry, scaly skin

Question 13

what is a provitamin?

Answer 13

a nutrient that is changed into a vitamin…aka carotene is a provitamin changed into vitamin A

Question 14

where is carotene converted?

Answer 14

intestinal mucosal cells

Question 15

precursor of vitamin D?

Answer 15

cholesterol

Question 16

source of vitamin D?***

Answer 16

UV** light

Question 17

pathway of vitamin D conversion

Answer 17

7 dehydrocholesterol –> D3 cholecalciferol –> D2 ergocalciferol

Question 18

rickets vs. osteomalacia***

Answer 18

• rickets = soft bones

- osteomalacia = adult rickets

Question 19

vitamin E is AKA***

Answer 19

tocopherol

Question 20

one of the LEAST toxic vitamins?***

Answer 20

vitamin E

Question 21

UL of vitamin E

Answer 21

1000 mg

Question 22

how and where is vitamin K synthesized?

Answer 22

by bacteria in lower intestinal tract

Question 23

vitamin K toxicity

Answer 23

does NOT have any symptoms

Question 24

what does prothrombin do?

Answer 24

aids in blood clotting

Question 25

B1 is AKA? B2 is AKA?***

Answer 25

- B1 = thiamin | - B2 = riboflavin

Question 26

when is B1 lost?

Answer 26

as temperature or pH rises

Question 27

what happens to B1 in acid?

Answer 27

heat stable in acid

Question 28

where is B2 lost?***

Answer 28

in UV light- therefore, use opaque containers

Question 29

what is cheilosis?***

Answer 29

cracked lips

Question 30

what is angular stomatitis?***

Answer 30

mouth corner cracks, sore throat

Question 31

precursor of niacin?***

Answer 31

tryptophan

Question 32

precursor of folate?

Answer 32

PABA

Question 33

B6 is AKA?**

Answer 33

pyridoxine

Question 34

what is INH - isoniazid?

Answer 34

B6 antagonist

Question 35

B12 is AKA?***

Answer 35

cyanocobalamin

Question 36

B12 contains what element?**

Answer 36

cobalt

Question 37

B12 is bound by ____ in the gastric juice

Answer 37

intrinsic factor

Question 38

anemia & nutrient***

Answer 38

- folate = megaloblastic, microcytic | - B12 = megaloblastic, macrocytic (rare- usually not diet related)

Question 39

what is B12 deficiency due to usually?***

Answer 39

NOT diet - pernicious anemia s/p gastrectomy or removal of ileum

Question 40

vitamin C is AKA***

Answer 40

ascorbic acid

Question 41

most easily destroyed vitamin?***

Answer 41

vitamin C

Question 42

vitamin C structure is similar to?***

Answer 42

glucose

Question 43

vitamin C needs what type of pH?

Answer 43

acid (remember: ascorbic acid)

Question 44

what is vitamin C destroyed by?

Answer 44

heat, alkaline pH, oxidation

Question 45

collagen synthesis***

Answer 45

proline --> hydroxyproline --> collagen | aided by vitamin C

Question 46

how is biotin synthesized?***

Answer 46

by intestinal bacteria

Question 47

biotin is inactivated by?

Answer 47

avidin = protein in raw egg white

Question 48

myo-inositol is in plants as?

Answer 48

phytic acid, related to sugar

Question 49

myo-inositol contains a _______ vitamin-like factor

Answer 49

phosphorous

Question 50

most abundant mineral in the body is?***

Answer 50

calcium

Question 51

calcium is regulated by ______ hormone

Answer 51

parathyroid

Question 52

what aids calcium absorption?

Answer 52

vitamin D, acid, lactose

Question 53

_________ lowers serum calcium by _____________***

Answer 53

CALCITONIN- INHIBITS BONE RESORPTION

Question 54

what is tetany?***

Answer 54

stiff muscles

Question 55

second most abundant mineral in the body?***

Answer 55

phosphorous

Question 56

phosphorous is part of what compounds?

Answer 56

DNA, RNA, ATP

Question 57

forms of iron: *** - food - absorbable - stored

Answer 57

- food = ferric - absorbable = ferrous - stored = ferritin

Question 58

iron is a part of what molecule?

Answer 58

Hgb (hemoglobin)

Question 59

magnesium is a part of what compound?

Answer 59

chlorophyll

Question 60

where is magnesium stored?

Answer 60

50% in bone, 50% in cells

Question 61

what increases the need of magnesium?

Answer 61

high PRO, Ca, vitamin D

Question 62

zinc is a _______ mineral***

Answer 62

TRACE

Question 63

excess zinc leads to?***

Answer 63

COPPER OR IRON DEFICIENCY

Question 64

iodine is a part of what molecule?

Answer 64

thyroxine

Question 65

vegan- potential deficiencies***

Answer 65

MAY BE MORE DEFICIENT IN ZINC THAN B12

Question 66

copper is attached to?***

Answer 66

PROTEIN

Question 67

copper is AKA***

Answer 67

ceruloplasmin

Question 68

selenium cooperates with what vitamin?

Answer 68

vitamin E

Question 69

chromium absorption enhanced by?

Answer 69

vitamin C, niacin

Question 70

cobalt exists with what vitamin? stored in?

Answer 70

exists with B12, stored in liver

Question 71

sulfur is a part of what AA?

Answer 71

cysteine, cystine, methionine

Question 72

choline is a component of what compound?

Answer 72

lecithin