III C Managerial characteristics, problem solving Flashcards by Grace Duffy

human skills***

ability to work as a GROUP MEMBER, interpersonal; important at ALL levels, but imperative at LOWER levels

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technical skills***

SPECIFIC ACTIVITY; LOWER LEVELS

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conceptual skills***

ability to see organization as a WHOLE; importance increases at HIGHER ranks

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technical vs. human vs. conceptual skills**

technical: specific activity, lower levels
human: working as group member, ALL levels but definitely lower
conceptual: seeing organization as a whole, higher levels
*key for the Q is to focus on what level of management it is

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managerial role: information***

find and share information (monitor role, disseminator, spokesman)

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monitor role

searching for information to be more effective

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disseminator

transmits info to subordinates

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spokesman

transmits information to people inside and outside

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5 ways to make decisions/problem solve***

1) nominal group technique- Delbecq
2) Delphi technique
3) cause and effect (fish) diagram
4) Pareto charts
5) queue

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steps of decision-making/problem solving**

1) RECOGNIZE & ANALYZE PROBLEM AND ASSESS***
2) determine workable solutions
3) gather data
4) choose solutions
5) take action
6) follow-up

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nominal group technique is by whom?***

Delbecq

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decision-making/problem solving: nominal group technique- overview/steps***

modification of brainstorming:

AUTHORITATIVE LEADER, CONTROLLED INTERACTIONS
HORSESHOE formation, SILENT generation of ideas
ROUND ROBIN REPORTING- leader records ideas one at a time
RANK items in priority order, then vote

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decision-making/problem solving: Delphi technique***

series of WRITTEN interviews
participants DO NOT MEET
(ex: medical research)

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decision-making/problem solving: cause & effect (fish) diagram***

categorizes related factors to MAKE the INFLUENCE MORE OBSERVABLE
“WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF THE EFFECTS (RESULTS) YOU ARE SEEKING?”

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decision-making/problem solving: Pareto charts***

work on the TALLEST BAR or problem that occurs most frequently

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what is the queue or queuing theory?***

develops relationships involved in WAITING IN LINE - snake-like queues

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when/where is the queuing theory used?

analyzing flow of customers in a cafeteria

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in relation to conflict, what is the manager’s role?***

manage conflict to MINIMIZE HARMFUL aspects and MAXIMIZE BENEFICIAL aspects

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conflict resolution methods: dominance and suppression

repress conflict rather than settle it, creates a win-lose situation

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examples/types of dominance and suppression conflict-resolution methods

1) forcing
2) smoothing
3) avoidance
4) majority vote

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forcing (conflict resolution)***

“I’M THE BOSS”- no argument

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smoothing (conflict resolution)***

TRIES TO TALK ONE SIDE INTO GIVING IN; more diplomatic, minimizes extent of disagreement

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avoidance (conflict resolution)***

MANAGER AVOIDS taking position, pretends to be UNAWARE or postpones; NO ONE IS SATISFIED

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resolve conflict by majority vote (conflict resolution)***

can be EFFECTIVE IF the members think PROCEDURE IS FAIR

compromise - conflict-resolution

finding a middle ground, get some objectives achieved and sacrifices others

compromise (conflict-resolution)- is this a good method?****

can be a WEAK method, does NOT usually lead to a solution that can BEST HELP ORGANIZATION

integrative problem-solving

joint problem-solving situation, parties try to find a solution they can all accept

what is influence?

action that will cause a change in behavior or attitude of another

what is power?

ability to exert influence

reward power***

ability to reward another for carrying out an order; INCENTIVES, PRAISE to reinforce

coercive power***

ability to PUNISH for not carrying out requirements

is coercive power effective in behavior change?***

INEFFECTIVE in motivating behavior change (***punishment....ineffective)

position (legitimate) power***

subordinate acknowledges that the influencer has the right to exert influence due to position/JOB TITLE (ex: title of RDN > dietary host or something like that)

expert power***

belief that influencer has some relevant expertise that the subordinate does not, provides credibility; KNOWLEDGE!

referent power***

PERSONALITY, CHARISMA; based on desire to identify with or imitate the influencer, how well you are liked

types of power: reward vs. coercive vs. position vs. expert vs. referent****

- reward = give incentives, praise - coercive = punishment, ineffective - position = job title (position) - expert = knowledge/expertise - referent = personality, charisma

managerial attributes that make SUCCESSFUL organizations***

1) BIAS for ACTION - fix it, do it, solve it 2) CLOSE TO YOUR CUSTOMERS - learn from them 3) RISK TAKER - new ways 4) PRODUCTIVITY through PEOPLE- treat with respect 5) HANDS-ON, VALUE-DRIVEN**

management should be _____ & _____ **

hands-on, value-driven, participative; explain value process to employees

SOP***

Standards of Practice in Nutrition Care- KNOWLEDGE!; competent level of nutrition care practice (ex: diabetes care, oncology care, education of dietetics practitioners, etc.)

SOPP***

Standards of Professional Performance- BEHAVIOR!

SOP vs SOPP***

- SOP = knowledge | - SOPP = behavior

legislative branch***

INTRODUCE A LAW, can override executive branch

executive branch***

VETO legislation or SIGN it

judiciary branch***

DISCARD a law (if in violation)

in the stages of the legislative process, where can an RD present views?***

public hearings or earlier planning stages

once a bill is placed in its final form and approved, it is sent to where?

Rules Committee for debate

once sent to the Rules Committee for debate, who does a bill need approval from?****

BOTH Houses (House of Representatives and Senate) and the President

differences between the House and Senate are worked out in...?***

a Joint House-Senate Conference Committee

what does an appropriations bill do?***

must be passed to provide FUNDING/$$$$

what is a federal regulation?

interprets and operates the law, carries force of a law but is easier to change

regulations are written by whom?*****

STAFF MEMBERS of the AGENCIES CHARGED w/ ENFORCING the regulations (agencies examples = FTC, FDA, FCC)

FTC- acronym & what does it regulate?***

Federal Trade Commission- TRADE, food ads, labeling

FDA- acronym & what does it regulate?***

Food and Drug Administration- SAFETY of food products

FCC - acronym & what does it regulate?***

Federal Communications Commission- COMMUNICATIONS, RADIO, TV

what is the Federal Register, what does it do?****

notices of PUBLIC HEARINGS, CHANGES IN USDA FOOD PROGRAMS, proposed and final rules, agency decisions

what is the Congressional Record, what does it do?

information from the floor, NO HEARINGS- lists bill with sponsors and action, issued daily when Congress is in session

what is the Congressional Index, what does it do?

weekly update, identifies bill w/ sponsor and committee

what is advocacy?***

PLEAD CAUSE of a group; aggressive form of action

what is lobbying/

activities aimed at influencing public officials and legislators