II C: Assessment of populations & community needs (+ programs/research surveys) Flashcards
(116 cards)
0
Q
motivational level affects?
A
attention span
1
Q
how to teach depends on?
A
NEEDS & READINESS of the learner
2
Q
high educational level
A
some previous knowledge or basis about topic; oriented
3
Q
low educational level
A
lacks formal education, may not be verbally oriented; reinforcement of learning and time is helpful
4
Q
educational readiness: young children, some adults w/o nutrition education- how would you tailor their education?
A
give a THOROUGH background and intro
5
Q
educational readiness: moderately experienced (teachers, health educators, pt already instructed) - how would you tailor their education?
A
REVIEW of material, reorganize for better use; move to more COMPLICATED concepts
6
Q
educational readiness: very experienced (nutrition experts)- how would you tailor their education?
A
limit audience participation at first; establish yourself as THE EXPERT; cite CREDENTIALS; lecture format w/ audiovisuals
7
Q
community assessment
A
find out:
- adequacy of resources
- groups at high risk
- existing programs
8
Q
HRA: Health Risk Appraisal***
A
survey CATEGORIZING a POPULATIONS’ GENERAL HEALTH STATUS = COMMUNITY (used in worksites, government agencies)
9
Q
demographic vs. socioeconomic stratification
A
- demographic = age, ethnic group, sex, birth rate, death
- socioeconomic stratification = census data, housing stats
10
Q
infant mortality rate***
A
infant deaths under 1 year of age, expressed as NUMBER OF DEATHS (under 1 year) PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS
11
Q
incidence vs. prevalence***
A
- incidence = NEW case
- prevalence = EXISTING cases
12
Q
incidence formula***
A
(number of NEW cases of a disease over a period of time / average number of people) x 100,000
13
Q
prevalence formula***
A
(total number of people with a disease during a period of time / average number of people) x 100,000
14
Q
what is food security?
A
ACCESS by all people at ALL TIMES to SUFFICIENT and SAFE foods and the means to ACQUIRE them in a SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE manner (w/o using emergency food programs, stealing, etc.)
15
Q
what is the Community Food Security Initiative?
A
DEVELOPMENT of sustainable, community-based STRATEGIES to ensure that all have ACCESS to ACCEPTABLE, NUTRITIONALLY ADEQUATE FOODS AT ALL TIMES
16
Q
strategies that strengthen local food systems/reduce food insecurity**
A
1) farmer’s markets
2) food recovery & gleaning programs
3) PPFPs (Prepared and Perishable Food Programs)
17
Q
farmer’s markers increase access to?
A
fresh produce
18
Q
what are food recovery and gleaning programs?
A
collect excess wholesome foods that would otherwise be thrown away (from farms, schools, restaurants) for delivery to hungry people
19
Q
what are PPFPs?***
A
(Prepared and Perishable Food Programs)
NONPROFIT PROGRAMS that LINK sources of UNUSED, cooked, and fresh foods with SOCIAL SERVICE AGENCIES that serve the hungry
20
Q
food insecurity is prevalent among?
A
emergency food recipients; working poor; government food assistance recipients; poor health status
21
Q
nutrition survey vs. surveillance**
A
- SURVEY = examination of a population AT A SPECIFIC TIME/DEFINED TIME FRAME
- SURVEILLANCE = CONTINUOUS collection of data
22
Q
nutrition survey***
A
examination of a POPULATION AT A SPECIFIC TIME/PARTICULAR POINT/DEFINED TIME FRAME
23
Q
a nutrition survey is considered?
A
cross-sectional
24
nutritional surveillance***
CONTINUOUS COLLECTION of data & has an ON-GOING SYSTEM LINKED TO ACTIVE HEALTH PROGRAM (ex: WIC, CDC)
25
what does nutritional surveillance identify?**
TRENDS
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nutritional suveillance collects?***
- HT & WT
- HCT & HGB
- SERUM CHOLESTEROL
27
what is NSI Nutrition Screening Initiative? components?***
screening tool for the ELDERLY: has DETERMINE checklist and LEVEL I & LEVEL II SCREENS
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Nutrition Screening Initiative- DETERMINE checklist
```
identifies factors at risk:
D isease
E conomic hardship
T ooth loss
R educed social contact
M ultiple medications
I nvoluntary wt loss/gain
N eeds assistance
E lder years >80 y/o
```
29
Nutrition Screening Initiative: Level I vs. Level II***
- LEVEL I = comprehensive assessments
| - LEVEL II = RDs/NUTRITION STATUS
30
what is a focus group?
5-12 people brought together to talk about concerns; attitudinal data
31
what is the NNMRRP National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Program?
includes all DATA COLLECTION and analysis activities of the FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
32
what counts the number of women who breast feed?****
Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System
33
what is the PedNSS Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System: who does it monitor, what does it monitor?
- low income, high risk CHILDREN from birth to 17 y/o (emphasis from birth to 5 y/o)
- growth and nutritional status, infant-feeding practices
34
what is the PNSS Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System: who does it monitor, what does it monitor?***
- low income, high risk PREGNANT WOMEN
- **COUNTS # OF WOMEN THAT BREASTFEED
- identify & reduce PREGNANCY-RELATED health risks
35
what is NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey?
ONGOING SURVEY to obtain info on health of American people
36
what 2 surveys measure dietary intake throughout the country?***
1) What We Eat in America (part of NHANES)
| 2) USDA Nationwide Food Consumption Surveys
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what is WWEIA What We Eat in America?***
dietary intake component of NHANES
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what does WWEIA collect?
2 days of 24 hour recall dietary data
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what are USDA Nationwide Food Consumption Surveys (NCFS)?***
- obtains info on food intake FROM ENTIRE US
- evaluates 7 NUTRIENTS
- diet rated on the RDA
40
what is the BRFSS Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System?****
ADULTS 18 Y/O AND OLDER IN HOUSEHOLDS W/ TELEPHONES (phone interviews on health behaviors)
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what is the YRBS Youth Risk Behavior Survey?
grades 9-12; certain health topics (smoking, alcohol, weight, exercise, eating habits)
42
what is the Health and Diet Survey? who is it by?
FDA- PHONE survey of SELF-PERCEPTION of nutrient intake levels, use of food labels, knowledge of fats/cholesterol
43
when clients speak a different language, what should you do for education?***
use FOOD MODELS + DEMONSTRATIONS
44
nutrition needs for the homeless- what should you do? not do?
DO: redesign existing services to be more responsive, offer training for food kitchens
DO NOT:
- talk about preparing foods
- federal food programs less accessible, emergency food programs usually without balanced meals
45
Native American and Alaskan natives common problems
OBESITY, CVD, DM
46
Strong Heart Diet Study
Native American diets consumed 12% fewer calories than average, but significant increases in heart disease and DM
47
nutritional status and nutrition-related health measurements --->
1) PedNSS: Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System
2) PNSS: Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System
3) NHANES: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
4) WWEIA: What We Eat in America
5) USDA Nationwide Food Consumption Surveys (NFCS)
48
knowledge, attitudes, behavior assessments --->
1) BRFSS: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
2) YRBS: Youth Behavior Risk Survey
3) Health and Diet Survey by the FDA
49
grant vs. entitlement***
- GRANT = AWARD of FINANCIAL or DIRECT assistance, ANYONE CAN APPLY
- ENTITLEMENT = BY LAW, REQUIRES PAYMENT of BENEFITS to ALL ELIGIBLE PEOPLE for a specific population who meet eligibility requirements
50
what is a grant?***
AWARD of FINANCIAL or DIRECT ASSISTANCE
51
who can apply for a grant?**
ANYONE
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how long does a grant last?**
usually a few years
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what are block grants?
given for BROAD purposes as authorized by legislation; FLEXIBILITY in distributing funds
54
what is CDC STEPS?
major federal level grant- initiatives r/t OBESITY
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what is an entitlement program?***
requires PAYMENT OF BENEFITS to ALL ELIGIBLE PEOPLE AS ESTABLISHED BY LAW
56
how long does an entitlement program last?
usually ~1 year
57
specific entitlement programs (5)****
1) SNAP
2) Medicare
3) NSLP
4) SBP
5) SFSP (Summer Food Service Program)
58
food and nutrition assistance programs are run by?**
FEDERAL/STATE = GOVERNMENT!!!!!
59
what is TANF Temporary Assistance to Needy Families?
STATES determine ELIGIBILITY of needy families and benefits/services they will receive
60
what does the Commodity Food Donation/Distribution Program do?***
PROVIDES FOODS to help meet NUTRITIONAL NEEDS of CHILDREN & ADULTS (+ strengthens agricultural market/farmers)
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Commodity Food Donation/Distribution Program is run through what agency?**
USDA (think of SBP commodities)
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who is the Commodity Supplemental Food Program CSFP administered by?***
STATE HEALTH AGENCIES
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what does the Commodity Food Donation/Distribution Program do?
monthly commodity canned or packaged foods given to those AT NUTRITIONAL RISK (low income women, infants and children up to 6 y/o, some elderly)
64
what is The Emergency Food Assistance Program TEFAP?
QUARTERLY DISTRIBUTIONS of COMMODITY FOODS by nonprofit agencies, food banks, soup kitchens, etc.
65
National School Lunch Program (NSLP) & School Breakfast Program (SBP) are run by?**
USDA
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the NSLP & SBP are _________ programs***
ENTITLEMENT- helps to improve child nutrition
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NSLP must provide _____ (on average over the week) of the recommended intake for ____________ nutrients***
* *1/3** recommended intake for:
- PROTEIN
- VITAMINS A, C
- IRON, CALCIUM
68
SBP must provide ____ (on average over the week) of the recommended intake for ____________ nutrients***
* *1/4** daily recommended intake for:
- PROTEIN
- VITAMINS A, C
- IRON, CALCIUM
69
After School Snack Programs do what?**
PROVIDE HEALTHY SNACKS for schools (same eligibility as NSLP)
70
what is the purpose of the Special Milk Program SMP?
encourage CONSUMPTION OF MILK; provides SUBSIDY FOR MILK (in schools, child care centers, summer programs, etc.)
71
Summer Food Service Program SFSP: entitlement or not?***
ENTITLEMENT
72
purpose of Summer Food Service Program SFSP?***
MAINTAIN or EXPAND FOODSERVICE PROGRAMS TO CHILDREN WHEN SCHOOL IS NOT IN SESSION (provide meals in summer to poor kids)
73
who does the Child and Adult Care Food Program CACFP support?***
ORGANIZATIONS, NOT INDIVIDUALS: neighborhood houses, homeless shelters, nonresidental adult daycare centers
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what does the Child and Adult Care Food Program CACFP provide?**
1) commodity FOODS
| 2) nutrition EDUCATION MATERIALS
75
what is the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program FFVP?***
INTRODUCE CHILDREN TO FRESH FRUITS & VEGGIES (free in selected schools)
76
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children WIC: who qualifies?***
- PREGNANT, POSTPARTUM, BREAST-FEEDING WOMEN
| - INFANTS & CHILDREN UP TO AGE 5
77
eligibility criteria for WIC***
- LOW INCOME
- NUTRITIONAL RISK
- IN NEED OF FOODS
78
what does WIC provide?***
1) FOOD
2) NUTRITION EDUCATION
3) REFERRALS TO OTHER AGENCIES
79
WIC - do you need a health exam?***
YES- HEALTH EXAM REQUIRED
80
foods provided in WIC
iron-fortified formula, cereal, milk, cheese, fruit juice
81
WIC - entitlement program?***
NO- CAP ON AMOUNT OF FEDERAL DOLLAR ALLOCATED
82
priorities for WIC
pregnant and breast-feeding women, infants up to one year
83
focus of EFNEP Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program?***
EDUCATION, NO FOOD GIVEN
84
EFNEP provides grants to whom?***
UNIVERSITIES THAT AID IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
85
EFNEP does what 3 things?**
1) provides GRANTS TO UNIVERSITIES
2) TRAINS NUTRITION AIDES to educate public
3) IMPROVES FOOD PRACTICES of low income homemakers w/ young children
86
who does EFNEP work with?**
SMALL GROUPS; teaches SKILLS NEEDED to obtain a healthy diet (how to budget, meal plan, shop, cook)
87
what does the Maternal and Child Health Block Grant do?
PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION PROGRAMS for women/infants/children @ state and local levels: TRAINING, CONSULTATION, FUNDING
88
focus of Healthy Start?
REDUCE INFANT MORTALITY
89
what nutrition program falls under the Nutrition Services Incentive Program NSIP by the Administration on Aging AoA?***
Older Americans Act Nutrition Program (OAA)
90
what does the Older Americans Act Nutrition Program (OAA) Title III regulate?***
CONGREGATE & HOME DELIVERED MEALS: 1 hot meal/day, 5 days/week
91
OAA provides meals with ___ recommended intake
1/3
92
eligibility criteria for Older Americans Act Nutrition Program?***
ALL AGED 60 AND OLDER PLUS SPOUSE, REGARDLESS OF IINCOME
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congregate meals***
- AMBULATORY
| - transportation necessary
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home delivered meals***
MEALS ON WHEELS, HOMEBOUND individuals
95
what is Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program SNAP?**
LARGEST FOOD ASSISTANCE PROGRAM
96
is SNAP an entitlement program?***
YES- entitlement!
97
what does SNAP do?***
assists low income with monthly benefits; net income should be at or below a certain % of poverty level
98
what types of things can SNAP benefits purchase?
ONLY FOOD- NOT for non-food items
99
CMS provides?
(Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services) = Medicare, Medicaid
100
Medicare vs. Medicaid***
- Medicare = health insurance for over 65 or any age w/ ESRD --> has Part A & B
- Medicaid = federal law administered by states for health insurance for all ages
101
Medicare***
health insurance for OVER 65; any age with ESRD
102
Part A Medicare**
HOSPITAL insurance
103
Part B Medicare**
optional insurance for SUPPLEMENTARY BENEFITS aka PRIVATE PRACTICE
104
what is Medicaid? who administers it?***
FEDERAL LAW administered by STATE; payment for medical care for ALL ELIGIBLE NEEDY (all ages, blind, disabled, dependent children)
105
what does the Children's Health Insurance Program CHIP do?
expands health coverage to UNINSURED CHILDREN whose families earn TOO MUCH to qualify for MEDICAID, BUT TOO LITTLE TO AFFORD PRIVATE COVERAGE
106
who does Headstart help?
low income children ages 3-5
107
what is the Nutrition Education Training Program NET?***
provides NUTRITION EDUCATION TO TEACHERS & SCHOOL FOODSERVICE PERSONNEL
108
the Senior Farmers' Market Nutrition Program SFMNP provides grants to states to provide low income seniors with?****
COUPONS to be EXCHANGED FOR ELIGIBLE FOODS @ FARMER'S MARKETS, roadside stands, community supported agricultural programs (NOT stores!!!)
109
what can seniors purchase with coupons from SFMNP?***
FRESH, NUTRITIOUS, UNPREPARED F&V, HERBS AND HONEY
110
SFMNP coupons may be limited to what types of foods?***
SPECIFIC & LOCALLY GROWN
111
does the SFMNP provide nutrition education?***
YES- NUTRITION EDUCATION & INFORMATION PROVIDED (how to select, store, prepare)
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Quasi-governmental agencies receive?
both private and federal funds
113
examples of Quasi-governmental agencies
American Red Cross, National Research Council
114
non-governmental agencies include?
voluntary health agencies (AHA), professional organizations (AND), foundations, businesses
115
international agencies
1) FAO = Food & Agricultural Organization: increases efficiency of production/distribution of foods worldwide
2) WHO = World Health Organization: developed RDAs for developing countries
