Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Step 1 > ID > Flashcards

ID Flashcards

1
Q

Histoplasmosis

A

Pulmonary/systemic dimorphic fungi
Mississippi/Ohio River valleys, bird/bat droppings
Path: Survives in M-Phages (smaller than RBC)
Tx: fluconazole/itraconazole

Histo lives in histiocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Blastomycosis

A

Pulmonary/systemic dimorphic fungi: inflammatory lung dz, broad dissemination. granulomatous nodules
East of mississippi, central Am
Path: broad-based budding (same size as RBC)
Tx: fluconazole/itraconazole

BBBB
Blast Broad based bud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Coccidioidomycosis

A

Pulmonary/systemic dimorphic fungi (NB is spherule, not yeast, in tissue): PNA and meningitis
SW, California, incr after earthquake
Path: spherule filled with endospores (larger than RBC)
Tx: fluconazole/itraconazole

I bruised my Coccyx after a Cali Earthquake and had to wear a Sphere cast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis

A

Pulmonary/systemic dimorphic fungi
Latin America
Path: budding yeast with “captains wheel” formation. (much larger than RBC)
Tx: fluconazole/itraconazole

Captain Parasailed to Latin America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tinea versicolor

A 
Cutaneous mycoses caused by Malassezia furfur
hot/humid weather
damage to melanocytes
Path: "spaghetti and meatball" on KOH
Tx: topical miconazole, selenium sulfide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Candida albicans

A

Opportunistic infection (superficial or systemic)
thrush, vulvovaginitis, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
Path: dimorphic yeast. pseudohyphae and budding yeasts at 20C, germ tubes at 37C
Tx: topical azole for vag. fluc or caspo for oral/esophageal. Fluc, ampho, or caspo for systemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aspirgillus

A

Invasive, especially in immunocomporomised and chronic granulomatous dz
ABPA: asthma/CF, post-TB aspergilloma
Some produce aflatoxins –> HCC
Acute angles, septate hyphae. non-dymorphic. Can form conidophore with spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cryptococcus

A

Opportunistic. Meningitis, cryptococcosis
Soil, pigeon droppings.
Path: Sabouraud’s agar, India ink. Latex agglutination. “soap bubbles” in brain
Tx: ampho/flucytosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mucor/rhizopus

A

Opportunistic: DKA, leukemia
Rhinocerebral, frontal lobe abscesses
Headache, facial pain, black necrotic exchar, CN
Path: irregular, broad, nonseptate hyphae at wide angles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

Opportunistic: PCP in AIDS at CD4< 200
Path: disc-shaped yeast on methenamine silver stain
Tx: TMPSMX, pentamidine, dapsone.
PPx at CD4< 200

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sporothrix schenkii

A

Sporotrichosis. Rose gardener’s dz. Local pustule with nodules along lymphatics.
Path: cigar-shaped budding yeast
Tx: itraconazole or potassium iodide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Giardia

A

Bloating, flatulance, foul-smelling diarrhea in campers/hikers. Transmitted by cysts in water
Path: trophozoites or cysts in water
Tx: metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Entamoeba histolica

A

Amebiasis: bloody diarrhea (dysentery), liver abscess (anchovy paste exudate), RUQ pain. Flask-shaped ulcer if submucosal colonic abscess ruptures
Path: trophozoite (with intracellular RBCs) or multi-nucleated cysts in stool
Tx: metronidazole, iodoquinol for asymptomatic cyst passers

Don’t dys EntaAnchovy, he drinks from a flask, gobbles RBCs, but hates iodine and flagyl.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cryptosporidium

A

Severe diarrhea in AIDS
Mild watery diarrhea in noncompromised
Path: cysts on acid fast stain
Tx: filtered water, nitazoxanide in AIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Toxoplasma

A

Protozoa -CNS
Brain abscesses in HIV (ring enhancing)
Triad: chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcification
Transmitted by cysts in meat or cat feces
Dx: serology, bx
Tx: sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Naegleria fowleri

A 
Protozoa - CNS
Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis
Freshwater lakes (Nalgene): enters via cribiform plate
Dx: amoebas in spinal fluid
Tx: Ampho but not usually efective
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Trypanosoma brucei, gambiense, rhodesiense

A

Protozoa -CNS
African sleeping sickness
LAD, recurring fever (antigenic variation), somnolence, coma
vector: tsetse fly (painful bite)
Dx: smear
Tx: Suramin for blood, melarsopol for CNS
“sure is nice to go to sleep. melatonin is helpful”

18
Q

Plasmodium Vivax/Ovale

A

Malaria: fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly
Path: smear. Trophozoite ring, RBC schizont with merozoites
48 hr cycle !!!
dominant form (hypnozoite) in liver
Tx: chloroquine (mefloquin if resistant) add primaquine (test for G6PD)

48 hypnotism? PROVe it to me

19
Q

Plasmodium falciparum

A

Malaria: fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly
Path: smear. Trophozoite ring, RBC schizont with merozoites
Severe, irregular fever patterns, parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in brain (cerebral malaria), kidneys, lung
Tx: chloroquine (mefloquin if resistant) use IV quinidine in life-threatening (test for G6PD)

20
Q

Plasmodium malariae

A

Malaria: fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly
Path: smear. Trophozoite ring, RBC schizont with merozoites
72 hr cycle (quartan)
Tx: chloroquine (mefloquin if resistant) use IV quinidine in life-threatening (test for G6PD)

21
Q

Babesia

A 
Protozoa -- heme
babesiosis: fever and hemolytic anemia
NE USA
Asplenia inc risk of severe dz
vector: ixodes tick (same as borrelia burgdorferi)
Smear: ring form, maltese cross
PCR
Tx: atovaqone + Azithro

Babes like Limes in Church where they Atone under the Cross.

22
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi

A

Protozoa
Chagas dz: dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, megaesophagus.
South america
Vector: reduviid bug (kissing): painless bite
dx: smear
Tx: nifurtimox

I took a Tryp to mexico and Kissed a girl, now i’m blowing up and am Furtive

23
Q

Leishmania donovani

A 
Protozoa
visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar)
spiking fever, HSM, pancytopenia
vector: sandfly
dx: mphages containing amastigotes
Tx: sodium stibogluconate

the Goats on a Leash travel in Flies and live in macrophages, but hate Sties

24
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

A

pinworm (nematode)
Eggs in food
anal pruritus (scotch tape test)
Tx: bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

25
Q

Ascaris lumbridoides

A

giant roundworm (nematode
fecal-oral
intestinal infection
Tx: bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

26
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis

A

nematode
larvae in soil penetrate skin
Intestinal infection: V/D anemia
Tx: ivermectin or albendazole

Strong: penetrate skin and keep up strength by eating RBCs

27
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus

A

hookworms (nematodes)
Larvae penetrate skin
Intestinal infxn –> anemia from sucking blood
Tx: bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

Treat worms with BEND with bendazoles

28
Q

Dracunculus medinesnsis

A

guinea worm – nematode
drinking water
skin inflammation and ulceration
Tx: slow extraction of worm

29
Q

Onchocerca volvulus

A

nematode
vector: female blackfly
hyperpigmented skin and river blindness
Tx: ivermectin

Niver get bit by the blackfly down by the river while looking for Chonch; you’ll go blind.

30
Q

Loa loa

A

nematode
swelling in skin, worm in conjunctiva
vector: deer, horse, mango fly
Tx: diethylcarbamazine

wo-ah wo-ah there’s a worm in your eye

31
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti

A

elephantiasis: blocked lymphatics (9mos- 1 yr)
vector: mosquito
tx: diethylcarbamazine

Bankrupt elephants hate CARBon taxing mosquitos

32
Q

toxocara canis

A

visceral larva migrans
Roundworm. From dogs. hepatomegaly, eye dz, blindness, myocarditis
eggs
tx: albendazole or mebendazole

33
Q

Nematode routes of infxn mnemonic

A

You’ll get sick if you EAT these. These get into your feet from the SANd
ingested – Enterobius, Ascaris, Trichinella
Cutaneous – Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, Necator

34
Q

Taenia solium

A

Cestodes (tapeworm)
Ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork.
Dz: intestinal infxn, cysticercosis, neurocysticercosis
Tx: Praziquantel; bendazoles for neurocysteicercosis

if you PIG out in the sun you will get TAN, then turn into a PRAZin, get the BENDs, and fry your brain

35
Q

Diphyllobathrium latum

A

Cestode (tapeworm)
Ingestion from raw freshwater fish
Dz: B12 deficiency –> anemia
Tx: praziquantel

get BLASTED with fishy BATHwater (megaloblastic anemia, BATHrium)

36
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

A

cestode (tapeworm)
ingestion of eggs from dog feces
Liver cysts, anaphylaxis if antigens released (preinject with ethanol)
tx: bendazoles

Buy EchCANococcus some EtOH before you take it out

37
Q

Schistosoma

A 
trematode (fluke)
liver and spleen granulomas, fibrosis, inflammation
Chronic infection --> SCC of bladder
vector: snails
Tx: praziquantel

if you eat SNAIL SHIT with your Prazins you’ll be PEEING BLOOD

38
Q

Clonorchis sinensis

A

Trematode (fluke)
undercooked fish
biliary tract inflamm –> pigmented gallstones, cholangiocarcinoma
Tx: praziquantel

It’s a SIN to eat BLACK (pigment stones) FISH with Prazins

39
Q

Paragonimus westermani

A

Trematode (fluke)
undercooked crab meat
Lung inflammation and secondary bacterial infxn, with hemoptysis
Tx: praziquantel

Western man likes to cough blood onto his crab

40
Q

most common bug prostatitis

A

E Coli!

Step 1 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions