Imaging of the chest

Question 1

imaging of the chest

Answer 1

CXR - chest x-ray
CT
MRI
nuclear medicine - PET

Question 2

AP

Answer 2

Anterior to posterior - magnifies mediastinal structures

Question 3

PA

Answer 3

posterior to anterior

Question 4

male vs female chest x-ray

Answer 4

denser in females due to breast tissue

Question 5

parts of left lung

Answer 5

upper and lower lobe

lingula which is part of the upper left lobe

Question 6

oblique fissure

Answer 6

T4/5 to bottom of lung

Question 7

horizontal fissue

Answer 7

6th rib

Question 8

what is a CTPA?

Answer 8

CT pulmonary angiogram - looks for pulmonary emboli by looking at pulmonary arteries

Question 9

trachea

Answer 9

16-20 incomplete C or U shaped cartilage

down

Question 10

cricoid cartilage level

Answer 10

C6

Question 11

level of the carina

Answer 11

T4-6

Question 12

carina

Answer 12

divides into right and left main bronchus

Question 13

right upper lobe

Answer 13

3 segments

Question 14

what are the segments of the right upper lobe?

Answer 14

apical

posterior and anterior

Question 15

bronchus intermedius

Answer 15

right middle and lower lobe

Question 16

right middle lobe

Answer 16

2 segments

medial and lateral

Question 17

right lower lobe

Answer 17

5 segments

Question 18

what are the segments of the right lower lobe?

Answer 18

apical
anterior
posterior
lateral
medial

Question 19

left upper lobe

Answer 19

superior and inferior divisions

Question 20

superior divisions of left upper lobe

Answer 20

2 segments, anterior and apico-posterior

Question 21

inferior divisions of left upper lobe

Answer 21

lingular - 2 segments superior and inferior

Question 22

left lower lobe

Answer 22

4 segments

Question 23

what are the segments of the left lower lobe?

Answer 23

apical
anteromedial
posterior
lateral

Question 24

what is the bronchus intermedius?

Answer 24

one of the 2 bronchi which the right main bronchus bifurcates into, the other is the right upper lobe bronchus

Question 25

insertions of the diaphragm

Answer 25

vertebral costal sternal

Question 26

openings of the diaphragm

Answer 26

aortic oesophageal caval

Question 27

vertebral insertions

Answer 27

right and left crus | L1-3

Question 28

costal insertions

Answer 28

lower 6 ribs and costal cartilages

Question 29

sternal insertions

Answer 29

posterior aspect of xiphisternum

Question 30

aortic openings

Answer 30

T12 thoracic duct, azygos and heimazygos veins T12

Question 31

oesophageal openings

Answer 31

vagus nerve oesophageal arteries T10

Question 32

caval openings

Answer 32

right phrenic nerve | T8

Question 33

what is the pulmonary trunk?

Answer 33

major vessel of the heart that originates from the right ventricle. It branches into the right and left pulmonary arteries which leads to the lungs

Question 34

V/Q scan

Answer 34

ventilation-perfusion scan

Question 35

what is V/Q scanning

Answer 35

looking for perfusion abnormality and pulmonary emboli

Question 36

why do V/Q in pregnant women

Answer 36

dose of radiation same as CT but less concentrated on developing breast tissue as in CT there is increased risk of tumour

Question 37

how to do V/Q scanning?

Answer 37

gases inhaled scan for ventilation. inject technitium for perfusion, which is picked up by gamma camera

Question 38

Normal Ventilation scan

Answer 38

radioactive compounds that are inhaled are distributed evenly

Question 39

normal perfusion scan

Answer 39

technitium should reach all of lung, where it doesn't there is lack of perfusion, usually due to pulmonary embolism

Question 40

what are the differences between normal and abnormal V/Q scans?

Answer 40

evenly greyish black normally but patchy when abnormal or area of white

Question 41

what is the diagnosis when ventilation is normal but perfusion is . abnormal?

Answer 41

pulmonary embolism

Question 42

diagnosis when perfusion is normal and ventilation is abnormal?

Answer 42

lung pathology where something is taking up lung tissue that shouldn't be

Question 43

mismatching

Answer 43

when perfusion and ventilation scans are not both normal