Upper limb\ Flashcards
1
Q
What type of blood supply does the Scaphoid have?
A
Retrograde
2
Q
what does the supraspinatus do?
A
first 15 degrees of abduction
3
Q
Infraspinatus
A
external rotation
4
Q
Subscapularis
A
Internal rotation and adduction
5
Q
Teres Minor
A
external rotation
6
Q
Anterior muscles of arm
A
Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Coracobrachialis
7
Q
Posterior muscles of arm
A
Triceps Brachii
8
Q
Innervation of Biceps brachii
A
Musculocutaneous nerve
9
Q
Innervation of Triceps brachii
A
Radial nerve
10
Q
Innervation of Brachialis
A
Musculocutaneous nerve
11
Q
Innervation of coracobrachialis
A
Musculocutaneous nerve
12
Q
Anterior compartment of forearm muscles
A
Flexors, originate from medial epicondyle
13
Q
Posterior compartment of forearm muscles
A
Extensors, originate from lateral epicondyle
14
Q
Innervation of Anterior compartment
A
Median nerve
15
Q
Innervation of Posterior compartment
A
Radial nerve
16
Q
Innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris
A
Ulnar nerve
17
Q
Innervation of flexor digitorum profundus
A
Ulnar and median nerves
18
Q
Golfers’ elbow
A
Medial epicondylitis - overuse, pain on flexion
19
Q
Tennis elbow
A
Lateral epicondylitis - overuse, pain on extension
20
Q
Intratendinous bursa
A
Within the triceps brachii tendon
21
Q
Subtendinous bursa
A
between the olecranon and triceps brachii tendon
22
Q
Subcutaneous bursa
A
between the olecranon and overlying connective tissue
23
Q
Ligaments of the elbow?
A
Radial collateral
Ulnar collateral
Annular
24
Q
Location of radial collateral ligament
A
lateral epicondyle to annular ligament
25
Location of ulnar collateral ligament
medial epicondyle to olecranon and coronoid process
26
Annular ligament?
Encircles the radial head and stabilises it on supination and pronation
27
What is Nursemaid's elbow?
Subluxation of annular ligament, so the radial head begins to slip out of it. Causes tenderness on palpation and pain on supination. Common in children from swinging with arms.
28
Brachial plexus
Nervous supply to upper limb
29
Musculocutaneous nerve root?
C5, C6 and C7
30
Axillary nerve root?
C5 and C6
31
Median nerve root?
C6, C7, C8 and T1
32
Radial nerve root?
C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1
33
Ulnar nerve root?
C8 and T1
34
Order of brachial plexus
Roots, trunks, divisions, cords, branches
35
Trunks?
Superior, middle and inferior
36
Divisions?
Anterior and posterior of superior, middle and inferior trunks to form 6 bundles
37
Cords?
Anterior superior and middle = Lateral
Posterior superior, middle and inferior = Posterior
Anterior inferior = Medial
38
Branches of brachial plexus?
```
Musculocutaneous
Axillary
Median
Radial
Ulnar
```
39
Where is the cubital tunnel?
At medial epicondyle
40
What runs through the cubital tunnel?
Ulnar nerve
41
What is cubital tunnel syndrome?
Compression/ pressure or stretching of ulnar nerve caused by fracture/ inflammation of medial epicondyle
42
Sensory supply of musculocutaneous nerve
Gives rise to lateral cutaneous nerve and supplies lateral aspect of arm/ forearm
43
Sensory supply of axillary nerve
Area of skin over lower deltoid, patch over should = Soldier's badge
44
Sensory supply of median nerve
Thumb, index and middle finger and associated palm, up to proximal interphalangeal joint on posterior surface
45
Sensory supply of radial nerve
Posterior forearm and hand, except little finger and finger tips
46
Sensory supply of ulnar nerve
Little finger and medial side of ring finger
47
Ulnar claw hand?
Damage to ulnar nerve causing hand deformity, where Metacarpophalangeal joint extends but interphalangeal joints flex.
48
Clinical presentation of damage to ulnar nerve?
Ulnar claw hand
49
Motor supply from musculocutaneous nerve?
Arm flexes - coracobrachialis, brachialis and biceps brachii
50
Motor supply from axillary nerve?
Deltoid and teres minor
51
Motor supply from median nerve
Forearm flexors except FCU and hand muscles - thumb
52
Motor supply from radial nerve
Extensors of arm - triceps brachii and forearm and hand
53
Motor supply from ulnar nerve
Some flexors of forearm - FCU
| Flexors of hand
54
Carpal tunnel syndrome?
Compression of the median nerve.
55
What test can be used to diagnose Carpal tunnel syndrome?
Tinel's test
56
Guyon's canal
Ulnar nerve passes through it, located at carpal bones
57
Dermatome
Area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve
58
Myotome
A group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve
59
Erb's palsy
Severing upper trunk of brachial plexus. Affects C5 and C6. Causes medial rotation and paralysis of arm. Can occur during childbirth
60
Klumpke's palsy
Severing lower trunk of brachial plexus causing claw hand (middle and index finger cannot extend). Can occur during childbirth
61
hand of benediction
Compression of the median nerve at forearm or elbow, causing inability to flex the middle and index fingers
62
Arterial supply to the arm
Subclavian, axillary, brachial, ulnar and radial.
63
Arterial supply to the hand
the radial and ulnar arteries anastomose to form superficial and deep palmar arches
64
Volkmann's ischaemia
Lack of blood flow to arm from severing or occlusion causing abnormal flexion - claw hand. can be caused by compartment syndrome or trauma
65
Superficial veins of upper limb
Cephalic and basilic
66
Deep veins of upper limb
Brachial, ulnar and radial
67
Where is a common site to take blood from/ venapuncture?
Median cubital vein
68
Compartment syndrome
Fascia surrounds each muscle compartment and so when there is injury that causes significant swelling/ bleeding this can cause increased pressure which restricts blood flow to the muscles and damages the nerves and muscle fibres.
69
Ligaments between scapula, clavicle and humerus?
```
Coracoclavicular
Costoclavicular
Interclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Coracohumeral
Glenohumeral
Transverse humeral
Sternoclavicular
```
70
Transverse humeral
Between 2 tubercles of humerus
71
Glenohumeral
3 = superior, middle and inferior between the glenoid cavity and humeral head
72
Coracohumeral
Corocoid process to greater tubercle
73
Coracoclavicular
Made up of 2 - conoid and trapezoid ligaments, between coracoid process and clavicle
74
Acromioclavicular
between acromion and lateral clavicle
75
What makes up the acromioclavicular joint?
Acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments
76
Sternoclavicular
Anterior and posterior between manubrium and sternal end of clavicle
77
Interclavicular
Between sternal ends of both clavicles
78
Costoclavicular
between 1st rib and clavicle
79
What makes up the sternoclavicular joint?
Sternoclavicular, costoclavicular and interclavicular ligaments
80
What makes up the shoulder joint?
Glenohumeral, transverse humeral and coracohumeral ligaments
81
Wrist joint ligaments?
Dorsal and palmar radiocarpal
| Ulnar and radial collateral
82
What type of joint is the wrist joint?
Ellipsoid synovial
83
What type of joint is the shoulder?
Ball and socket synovial
84
What type of joint is the elbow?
Hinge synovial
85
Dorsal and palmar radiocarpal ligaments?
Go from the radius to both rows of carpals, palmar - anterior and dorsal - posterior
86
Ulnar collateral ligament?
From ulnar styloid process to pisiform and triquetrum
87
Radial collateral ligament?
From radial styloid process to scaphoid and trapezium
88
Radioulnar joints
Distal - between ulnar notch of radius and ulnar head
| Proximal - between radial notch of ulnar and radial head
89
Ligaments of distal radioulnar joint?
Articular disc and dorsal and palmar radioulnar ligaments
90
Ligaments of proximal radioulnar joint?
Annular radial ligament
91
What type of joints are the radioulnar joints?
Synovial pivot joints
| Allow supination and pronation
92
blood supply to hand
the radial and ulnar arteries anastomose to form superficial and deep palmar arches
