Reproductive and embryological origin

Question 1

What are the male gonads and what do they do?

Answer 1

testes secrete hormones and produce sperm

Question 2

what makes up the ductal system?

Answer 2

epididymis ductus deferens ejaculatory ducts penis and urethra

Question 3

what does the ductal system do?

Answer 3

transport and store sperm, assist in maturation and deliver it in semen to female RT

Question 4

spermatic cord

Answer 4

contains ductus deference testicular artery and vein and autonomic nerves, lymph vessels and cremaster muscle - surrounded by fascia

Question 5

what are the male accessory glands?

Answer 5

seminal vesicles prostate bulbourethral glands scrotum

Question 6

what do the seminal vesicles do?

Answer 6

secrete seminal fluid

Question 7

what does the prostate do?

Answer 7

secretions that contribute to semen

Question 8

what does the bulbourethral gland do?

Answer 8

secretions contribute to semen

Question 9

what does the scrotum do?

Answer 9

supports testes

Question 10

what can go wrong in the MRS

Answer 10

hydrocele of scrotum scrotal hernia spermatogenesis testicular torsion undescended testis vasectomy for sterilisation infertility impotence congenital malformations spread of infections

Question 11

what are the female gonads?

Answer 11

ovaries

Question 12

what do the ovaries do?

Answer 12

produce gametes - oocytes and secrete hormones

Question 13

what makes up the female reproductive system?

Answer 13

ovaries uterine/ fallopian tubes uterus vagina cervix

Question 14

what do the uterine tubes do?

Answer 14

transport sperm and oocytes for fertilisation

Question 15

what does the uterus do?

Answer 15

serves as the pathway for transport of sperm and site of implantation for fertilised ovum

Question 16

what supports the ovaries, uterine tubes and uterus?

Answer 16

peritoneal folds and ligaments

Question 17

what does the vagina do?

Answer 17

receives the penis during sex outlet for menstrual flow and passageway for birth

Question 18

what is the female external genitalia?

Answer 18

vulva/ pudendum

Question 19

what makes up the vulva?

Answer 19

mons bubis labia majora labia minora clitoris vestibule

Question 20

what is the vestibule

Answer 20

region between the 2 labia minora

Question 21

accessory glands in female?

Answer 21

paraurethral glands greater vestibular/ bartholin’s glands bulb of vestibule

Question 22

clinical context for FRS

Answer 22

oogenesis ovarian cyst/ tumour tubal ligation for sterilisation tubal block in infertility uterine prolapse hysterectomy congenital malformations spread of infections

Question 23

female version of testes

Answer 23

ovaries

Question 24

female version of sperm cell

Answer 24

ovum

Question 25

female version of scrotum

Answer 25

labia majora

Question 26

female version of spongy urethra

Answer 26

labia minora

Question 27

female version of intermediate urethra

Answer 27

vestibule

Question 28

female version of corpus spongiosum penis and bulb of penis

Answer 28

bulb of vestibule

Question 29

female version of glans penis and corpora cavernosa

Answer 29

clitoris

Question 30

female version of prostate

Answer 30

paraurethral glands

Question 31

female version of bulbourethral glands

Answer 31

greater vestibular glands

Question 32

male version of ovaries

Answer 32

testes

Question 33

male version of ovum

Answer 33

sperm cell

Question 34

male version of labia majora

Answer 34

scrotum

Question 35

male version of labia minora

Answer 35

spongy urethra

Question 36

male version of vestibule

Answer 36

intermediate urethra

Question 37

male version of bulb of vestibule

Answer 37

corpus spongiosum penis and bulb of penis

Question 38

male version of clitoris

Answer 38

glans penis and corpora cavernosa

Question 39

male version of paraurethral glands

Answer 39

prostate

Question 40

male version of greater vestibular glands

Answer 40

bulbourethral glands

Question 41

origin of reproductive system

Answer 41

shared common structural origin with urinary system

Question 42

what germs layers is the reproductive system generated from?

Answer 42

mesoderm endoderm

Question 43

what structures do the urogenital systems develop from

Answer 43

mesonephric system cloaca

Question 44

what is the mesonephric system?

Answer 44

from intermediate mesoderm germ layer

Question 45

what is the cloaca?

Answer 45

part of the distal portion of embryonic hindgut from the endodermal germ layer

Question 46

what does the mesonephric system do?

Answer 46

contributes to renal tubules, ureter, reproductive ductal system, uterine canal and vagin

Question 47

what does the cloaca do?

Answer 47

contributes to the urinary bladder, urethra, vagina and external genitalia

Question 48

indifferent gonads

Answer 48

located in the posterior abdominal wall as gonadal ridges form a longitudinal urogenital ridge with mesonephros

Question 49

when do the gonads acquire sexual characteristics?

Answer 49

6th/ 7th week

Question 50

formation of male gonads

Answer 50

influenced by genes and hormones primitive sex cords form the testis from the 6th-8th week of development

Question 51

formation of female gonads

Answer 51

influenced by genes and hormones primitive sex cords form ovaries from the 6-8th week of development

Question 52

what are the 2 pairs of ducts in both male and female embryos?

Answer 52

mesonephric or Wolffian Paramesonephric or Mullerian

Question 53

what happens in a genetically male embryo?

Answer 53

the paramesonephric ducts degenerate mesonephric ducts form: epididymis ductus deferens seminal vesicle ejaculatory duct

Question 54

what happens in a genetically female embryo?

Answer 54

mesonephric ducts degenerate the paramesonephric ducts form: uterine tubes uterus cervix of uterus upper part of vagina

Question 55

how is the uterus formed?

Answer 55

fusion and canalisation of part of the 2 paramesonephric ducts to form uterus contributes to formation of upper vagina

Question 56

what forms the uterine tubes?

Answer 56

unfused parts of paramesonephric ducts

Question 57

what forms the vagina?

Answer 57

paramesonephric ducts urogenital sinus of the cloaca

Question 58

formation of vagina from cloaca?

Answer 58

during 4th-8th week the cloaca divides into the urogenital sinus and anal canal

Question 59

what does the urogenital sinus form?

Answer 59

urinary bladder urethra prostate gland urethral and paraurethral glands vagina external genitalia

Question 60

formation of the vagina from urogenital sinus

Answer 60

outgrowth of urogenital sinus - sinovaginal bulbs, fuses with solid caudal tip of paramesonephric duct forms a solid vaginal plate which is canalised

Question 61

formation of external genitalia

Answer 61

from 3rd - 6th week the male and female are the same