Immune System Dysregulation/Deficiency Flashcards Preview

Question 1

1

What are TWO pathologic conditions caused by a normal immune response?

Answer

tuberculosis (TB)
sepsis

Question 2

2

_________ are conditions caused by DEFECTS in immune regulation

Answer

allergies

(Hygiene hypothesis)

Question 3

3

_________ involve molecular mimicry and INFLAMMTION

Answer

autoimmune disorder

Question 4

4

AIDS is an example of an _________

Answer

immunodeficiency

Question 5

5

** _________ of the worlds population is INFECTED with MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

1/3

Answer

phagosome
lysosome

Answer

macrophages
neutrophils

Answer

inflammation

Answer

elderly
people with weak immune systems

Answer

tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

Answer

vagal stimulation

Answer

type I hypersensitivity

Answer

macrophages
neutrophils

Answer

Placenta
Th2

Answer

contact with microbes
(especially those in the soil)

Answer

allergies
asthma

Answer

autoimmune disease

Answer

molecular mimicry

Answer

molecular mimicry
inflammation

Answer

Vagus (neural)

Answer

bacterial INFECTIONS
viral INFECTIONS

Answer

microbial attack
environmental pollutants

Answer

inflammation

Answer

mimicry hypothesis

Answer

class switch
IgM

Answer

severe immunodeficiency syndrome (SCIDS)

Answer

T HELPER cells
(Th Cells)

Answer

Helper T (Th) cells
macrophages
dendritic cells

Answer

Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Treatment
(HAART)

Question 6

6

** _________ % of the population has a LIFETIME RISK of developing ACTIVE TB

5-10%

Question 7

7

** TUBERCULOSIS (TB) modifies the surface of the _, so that it is UNABLE TO FUSE with the _. Therefore, the organism can thrive and multiple in the MACROPHAGE

Question 8

8

If a person RECOVERS from TB, the battle causes a release of _________ like IFNy that hyperactive macrophages

cytokines

Question 9

9

_ and _ eliminate the invader when a person recovers from TB

Question 10

10

_________ is a potentially life-threatening complication of an infection

sepsis

Question 11

11

SEPSIS occurs when chemicals released into the bloodstream fight the infection trigger _________ throughout the body

Question 12

12

SEPSIS is MOST COMMON and most dangerous in _________ people (2)

Question 13

13

** _________ secreted by macrophages can increase vascular CAPILLARY permeability, causing large amounts of fluid loss/blood volume loss and septic shock

Question 14

14

_________ stimulation can DECREASE macrophage release of TNF

Question 15

15

OVER HALF of the US population suffers from _________ hypersensitivity reactions (which include most common ALLERGIES)

Question 16

16

** ALLERGIES and ASTHMA are associated with a _________ bias

Th2

Question 17

17

** Allergic (atopic) reactions produce large amounts of _ antibodies and have a _ bias

IgE
Th2

Question 18

18

** NON-allergic responses produce _ antibodies and have a _ bias

IgA
Th1

Question 19

19

** Overproduction of _________ antibodies in response of environmental antigens cause ALLERGIES

IgE

Question 20

20

** During subsequent exposures, an allergen can crosslink IgE. This clustering sends a signal downstream promoting degranulation of MAST CELLS releasing _________, HEPARIN and other chemicals causing symptoms

histamine

Question 21

21

MAST CELLS, basophils and eosinophils provide a defense against parasitic infections that are TOO LARGE to be PHAGOCYTIZED by _ and _

Question 22

22

MAST CELLS, BASOPHILS AND EOSINOPHILS should only degranulate is response to _________ binding to parasite

IgE

Question 23

23

** A NEWBORN or infant exhibits a _________ bias

Th1

Question 24

24

** A FETUS needs to be protected from the mother's immune system and is thought to have a _________ bias

Th2

Question 25

25

** The _ produces large quantities of IL-4 which causes the maternal and fetal HELPER T cells to become _ bias

Question 26

26

What shifts a NEWBORN back to a Th1 bias?

Question 27

27

Children on farms, who have multiple older siblings and dogs have a LOWER incidence of _ and _

Question 28

28

Allergy concordance in IDENTICAL TWINS is _________ %

50%

Question 29

29

Claritin is a _________ blocker

histamine

Question 30

30

Injecting increasing doses of crude extracts of allergens over the years gets B cells to class switch from IgE (allergies) to _________

IgG

Question 31

31

Too many repeated injections of allergens may trigger iTregs with produce _________ that SUPPRESS IgE production

cytokines

Question 32

32

** _________ results when a breakdown in the mechanisms meant to preserve tolerance of self is sever enough to cause a pathological condition

Question 33

33

** AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE affects _________ % of the US population and is more common in WOMEN

5-7.5%

Question 34

34

When lymphocytes have receptors that recognize their cognate antigen on the microbe, this is known as _________

Question 35

35

Autoimmune diseases can be caused by _ + _

Question 36

36

** TB macrophages typically die via _________

necrosis

Question 37

37

** If an self-reactive T cells are NOT continually re-stimulated in autoimmune diseases, they die via _________

apoptosis

Question 38

38

** _________ reflexes control INFLAMMATION

Question 39

39

** Autoimmune diseases frequently follow _________ (2)

Question 40

40

** What are TWO environmental factors associated with AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE?

Question 41

41

** _________ must be present in order for AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE to develop

Question 42

42

The _________ hypothesis holds that after INFECTION, there might be enough similarity to a self-antigen to cause a response

Question 43

43

** In SINGLE GENE MUTATIONS in non functional CD40 or CD40L cells, B cells are UNABLE to _ and secrete mainly _ antibodies

Question 44

44

When neither B cells or T cells function, it is known as _________

Question 45

45

** AIDS knocks out immune function by attacking/targeting _________ cells (2 names)

Question 46

46

Which cell types are infected by HIV-1? (3)

Question 47

47

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Immune System Dysregulation/Deficiency Flashcards Preview

Immuno Final > Immune System Dysregulation/Deficiency > Flashcards

What are TWO pathologic conditions caused by a normal immune response?

tuberculosis (TB)sepsis

_________ are conditions caused by DEFECTS in immune regulation

allergies (Hygiene hypothesis)

_________ involve molecular mimicry and INFLAMMTION

autoimmune disorder

AIDS is an example of an _________

immunodeficiency

** _________ of the worlds population is INFECTED with MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

1/3

** _________ % of the population has a LIFETIME RISK of developing ACTIVE TB

5-10%

** TUBERCULOSIS (TB) modifies the surface of the _________, so that it is UNABLE TO FUSE with the _________. Therefore, the organism can thrive and multiple in the MACROPHAGE

phagosomelysosome

If a person RECOVERS from TB, the battle causes a release of _________ like IFNy that hyperactive macrophages

cytokines

_________ and _________ eliminate the invader when a person recovers from TB

macrophagesneutrophils

_________ is a potentially life-threatening complication of an infection

sepsis

SEPSIS occurs when chemicals released into the bloodstream fight the infection trigger _________ throughout the body

inflammation

SEPSIS is MOST COMMON and most dangerous in _________ people (2)

elderly people with weak immune systems

** _________ secreted by macrophages can increase vascular CAPILLARY permeability, causing large amounts of fluid loss/blood volume loss and septic shock

tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

_________ stimulation can DECREASE macrophage release of TNF

vagal stimulation

OVER HALF of the US population suffers from _________ hypersensitivity reactions (which include most common ALLERGIES)

type I hypersensitivity

** ALLERGIES and ASTHMA are associated with a _________ bias

Th2

** Allergic (atopic) reactions produce large amounts of _________ antibodies and have a _________ bias

IgETh2

** NON-allergic responses produce _________ antibodies and have a _________ bias

IgATh1

** Overproduction of _________ antibodies in response of environmental antigens cause ALLERGIES

IgE

** During subsequent exposures, an allergen can crosslink IgE. This clustering sends a signal downstream promoting degranulation of MAST CELLS releasing _________, HEPARIN and other chemicals causing symptoms

histamine

MAST CELLS, basophils and eosinophils provide a defense against parasitic infections that are TOO LARGE to be PHAGOCYTIZED by _________ and _________

macrophagesneutrophils

MAST CELLS, BASOPHILS AND EOSINOPHILS should only degranulate is response to _________ binding to parasite

IgE

** A NEWBORN or infant exhibits a _________ bias

Th1

** A FETUS needs to be protected from the mother's immune system and is thought to have a _________ bias

Th2

** The _________ produces large quantities of IL-4 which causes the maternal and fetal HELPER T cells to become _________ bias

PlacentaTh2

What shifts a NEWBORN back to a Th1 bias?

contact with microbes (especially those in the soil)

Children on farms, who have multiple older siblings and dogs have a LOWER incidence of _________ and _________

allergies asthma

Allergy concordance in IDENTICAL TWINS is _________ %

50%

Claritin is a _________ blocker

histamine

Injecting increasing doses of crude extracts of allergens over the years gets B cells to class switch from IgE (allergies) to _________

IgG

Too many repeated injections of allergens may trigger iTregs with produce _________ that SUPPRESS IgE production

cytokines

** _________ results when a breakdown in the mechanisms meant to preserve tolerance of self is sever enough to cause a pathological condition

autoimmune disease

** AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE affects _________ % of the US population and is more common in WOMEN

5-7.5%

When lymphocytes have receptors that recognize their cognate antigen on the microbe, this is known as _________

molecular mimicry

Autoimmune diseases can be caused by _________ + _________

molecular mimicry inflammation

** TB macrophages typically die via _________

necrosis

** If an self-reactive T cells are NOT continually re-stimulated in autoimmune diseases, they die via _________

apoptosis

** _________ reflexes control INFLAMMATION

Vagus (neural)

** Autoimmune diseases frequently follow _________ (2)

Brainscape's Knowledge Genome^TM

tuberculosis (TB)
sepsis

allergies

(Hygiene hypothesis)

** TUBERCULOSIS (TB) modifies the surface of the _, so that it is UNABLE TO FUSE with the _. Therefore, the organism can thrive and multiple in the MACROPHAGE

phagosome
lysosome

_ and _ eliminate the invader when a person recovers from TB

macrophages
neutrophils

elderly
people with weak immune systems

** Allergic (atopic) reactions produce large amounts of _ antibodies and have a _ bias

IgE
Th2

** NON-allergic responses produce _ antibodies and have a _ bias

IgA
Th1

MAST CELLS, basophils and eosinophils provide a defense against parasitic infections that are TOO LARGE to be PHAGOCYTIZED by _ and _

macrophages
neutrophils

** The _ produces large quantities of IL-4 which causes the maternal and fetal HELPER T cells to become _ bias

Placenta
Th2

contact with microbes
(especially those in the soil)

Children on farms, who have multiple older siblings and dogs have a LOWER incidence of _ and _

allergies
asthma

Autoimmune diseases can be caused by _ + _

molecular mimicry
inflammation

bacterial INFECTIONS
viral INFECTIONS

microbial attack
environmental pollutants

** In SINGLE GENE MUTATIONS in non functional CD40 or CD40L cells, B cells are UNABLE to _ and secrete mainly _ antibodies

class switch
IgM

T HELPER cells
(Th Cells)

Helper T (Th) cells
macrophages
dendritic cells

Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Treatment
(HAART)