Immunodeficiency Diseases and Autoimmune Disorders I

Question 1

How does the HIV virus enter macrophages and/or dendritic cells via gp120?

Answer 1

Binding to both the CD4 receptor and to an obligate chemokine coreceptor (CCR5) via gp120

Question 2

How does the HIV virus undergo fusion through the cell membrane?

Answer 2

Mediated by gp41 after the virus binds to CD4+ Th cells and its obligate chemokine receptor CXCR4 via gp120.

Question 3

What infections predominate in an HIV+ patient with a CD4 count of 200-400?

Answer 3

Candida albicans, mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, varicella-zoster.

Question 4

What infections predominate in an HIV+ patient with a CD4 count of less than 200?

Answer 4

Pneumocystis carinii, CMV, Cryptococcus neoformans.

Question 5

Which four drugs can induce in a lupus-like syndrome?

Answer 5

Procainamide, hydralazine, quinidine, chlorpromazine

Question 6

What is the result of a bacterial infection in a patient without T cells?

Answer 6

Sepsis (p.205)

Question 7

What is the result of a bacterial infection in a patient without B cells?

Answer 7

Infection with encapsulated organisms (Strep. Pneumo; H. influenzae type B; Neisseria meningitidis; Salmonella; Klebsiella pneumo; Group B strep) (p.205)

Question 8

What is the result of a bacterial infection in a patient without granulocytes?

Answer 8

Staphylococcus, Burkholderia cepacia, Serratia, and Nocardia infections (p.205)

Question 9

What is the result of a bacterial infection in a patient without complement activity?

Answer 9

Neisseria (no MAC) (p.205)

Question 10

What is the result of a viral infection in a patient with no T cells?

Answer 10

CMV, EBV, VZV, chronic infection with respiratory/ GI viruses (p.205)

Question 11

What is the result of a viral infection in a patient with no B cells?

Answer 11

Enteroviral encepholitis, poliovirus (live vaccine contraindicated) (p.205)

Question 12

What is the result of a fungal infection in a patient with no T cells?

Answer 12

Candida infection, PCP (p.205)

Question 13

What is the result of a fungal infection in a patient with no B cells?

Answer 13

GI giardiasis (no IgA) (p.205)

Question 14

What is the result of a fungal infection in a patient without granulocytes?

Answer 14

Candida, Aspergillus (p.205)

Question 15

What is a general difference between infections caused by B cell vs T cell deficiencies?

Answer 15

B cell deficiencies tend to produce recurrent bacterial infections whereas T cell deficiencies tend to produce more viral and fungal infections (p.205)

Question 16

Name three B cell disorders.

Answer 16

X-linked (Bruton’s) agammaglobulinemia; Selective IgA deficiency; Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) (p.206)

Question 17

Name four T cell disorders.

Answer 17

Thymic aplasia (DiGeorge syndrome); IL-12 receptor deficiency; Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job’s syndrome); Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (p.206)

Question 18

What defect is associated with X-linked Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia?

Answer 18

X linked recessive defect in BTK, a tyrosine kinase gene preventing B cell maturation (p.206)

Question 19

What is the most common primary immunodeficiency?

Answer 19

Selective IgA deficiency (p.206)

Question 20

What defect is associated with Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)?

Answer 20

Defect in B cell maturation caused by many mechanisms (p.206)