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Immunology > Immunity, Vaccines, Superantigens II > Flashcards

Immunity, Vaccines, Superantigens II Flashcards

1
Q

Compare the means of acquisition in passive vs active immunity.

A

Passive immunity is acquired by receiving preformed antibodies; active immunity is acquired by exposure to foreign antigens (p.202)

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2
Q

Compare the onset of immunity in passive vs active immunity.

A

Passive immunity has rapid onset; active immunity has slow onset (p.202)

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3
Q

Compare the duration of passive vs. active immunity.

A

Passive immunity expresses antibodies with a short half life (approx. 3 weeks); Active immunity confers long lasting protection through memory (p.202)

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4
Q

Name three examples of passive immunity.

A

IgA in breast milk, antitoxin, humanized monoclonal antibody (p.202)

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5
Q

Name three examples of active immunity.

A

Natural infection, vaccines, toxoid (p.202)

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6
Q

After exposure to what four toxins/ diseases are patients given preformed antibodies via passive immunity?

A

Tetanus toxin, botulinum toxin, HBV, Rabies virus (p.202)

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7
Q

After exposure to what two toxins/ diseases can patients be given combined active and passive immunizations?

A

Hepatitis B, Rabies exposure (p.202)

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8
Q

What type of immune response is induced by vaccinations?

A

Vaccines induce an active immune response (humoral and/or cellular) to specific pathogens (p.202)

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9
Q

What is a live attenuated vaccine?

A

A vaccine where the microorganism has lost its pathogenicity but retains its capacity for transient growth within the innoculated host (p.202)

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10
Q

What is an inactivated or killed vaccine?

A

A vaccine where the pathogen is inactivated by heat or chemicals. The immune response is generated by a maintained epitope structure on pathogen surface antigens (p.202)

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11
Q

What are the pros of live attenuated vaccines?

A

Induces stong, often life long immunity (p.202)

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12
Q

What are the cons of live attenuated vaccines

A

May revert to virulent form (p.202)

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13
Q

What are the pros of inactivated or killed vaccines?

A

Stable and safer than live vaccines (p.202)

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14
Q

What are the cons of inactivated or killed vaccines

A

Confers a weaker immune response and booster shots are usually required (p.202)

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15
Q

Name six examples of live attenuated vaccines.

A

Measles, mumps, polio (Sabin), rubella, varicella, yellow fever (p.202)

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16
Q

Name four examples of inactivated or killed vaccines.

A

Cholera, hepatitis A, polio (Salk), rabies (p.202)

17
Q

What type of immune response is induced by a live attenuated vaccine?

A

A cellular response (p.202)

18
Q

What type of immune response is induced by an inactivated or killed vaccine?

A

Hummoral immunity (p.202)

Immunology (28 decks)

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